A comprehensive review of low cost biodiesel production from waste beef tallow

The factors that affect transesterification such as temperature, time and molar ratio have been included. The study reveals that waste beef fat would be a suitable replacement of vegetable oils due to low cost, its role in protecting the environment, and beef tallow esters are close to ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standards. Research work needs to be carried out on heterogeneous catalysts and low-cost lipase catalysts to improve productivity.