A diagnostic marker for superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma: Lack of nuclear ATBF1 (ZFHX3) by immunohistochemistry suggests malignant progression

Pathological stage and grade have limited ability to predict the outcomes of superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma at initial transurethral resection (TUR). AT-motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) is a tumor suppressive transcription factor that is normally localized to the nucleus but has been detected in the cytoplasm in several cancers.