An innovative model to estimate the tension field inclination considering crack growth for steel plate shear wall

In the current paper, the effect of central and edge cracks, therefore, has been studied in jointed plates at mid-height of SPSW. Results indicated that the central crack is more destructive than the edge crack. The central crack having a long initial length also makes a sudden wall fracture in the elastic zone and consequently cannot be used in high seismic regions.