Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: Development of an Improved Capability in support of National Bio-security for the Surveillance and Control of Foot & Mouth Disease in Cattle and Pigs (MS2)

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Mục đích dự án là để xác định lý do tại sao có những thất bại vắc-xin, và điều tra những gì type huyết thanh của FMDV đang lưu hành tại Việt Nam để các vắc xin chính xác có thể được sử dụng cho các type huyết thanh. Phòng thí nghiệm khu vực được thiết lập với các thuốc thử và phương pháp để cho phép một khả năng chẩn đoán cho FMDV chẩn đoán và huyết thanh chẩn đoán. Chiến lược kiểm soát cho sự hiểu biết của bệnh LMLM dịch tễ học đã được thực hiện thông...

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Nội dung Text: Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: Development of an Improved Capability in support of National Bio-security for the Surveillance and Control of Foot & Mouth Disease in Cattle and Pigs (MS2)

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development CARD Project Progress Report 072/04VIE Development of an Improved Capability in support of National Bio-security for the Surveillance and Control of Foot & Mouth Disease in Cattle and Pigs. MS2: First Six-monthly Report 30/12/2005
1. Institute Information Project Name Regional Animal Health Centre, Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese Institution City (RAHC-HCMC), South Vietnam. Dr. Dong Manh Hoa Vietnamese Project Team Leader Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Australian Organisation PMB 24, Geelong, 3213, Australia Mr Chris Morrissy Australian Personnel 01/06/2005 Date commenced 01/06/2008 Completion date (original) Completion date (revised) 01/06/2005 – 30/12/2005 Reporting period Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Mr Chris Morrissy +61 3 5227 5000 Name: Telephone: Diagnostic Virologist +61 3 5227 5555 Position: Fax: Supervisor Mammalian Virology Organisation Australian Animal chris.morrissy@csiro.au Email: Health Laboratory (AAHL), PMB 24, Geelong, 3213, Australia In Australia: Administrative contact Mr Chris Morrissy +61 3 5227 5000 Name: Telephone: Patents Contracts +61 3 5227 5555 Position: Fax: Officer Organisation Australian Animal chris.morrissy@csiro.au Email: Health Laboratory (AAHL), PMB 24, Geelong, 3213, Australia In Vietnam Dr. Dong Manh Hoa + 84 8 8568220 Name: Telephone: Director + 84 8 8569050 Position: Fax: Organisation Regional Animal rahchcmc@hcm.vnn.vn Email: Health Centre, HCMC (RAHC- HCMC), South VN
2. Project Abstract The projects purpose is to determine why there are vaccine failures, and to investigate what serotypes of FMDV are circulating in Vietnam so that the correct vaccines can be used for these serotypes. Regional laboratories are setup with the reagents and methods to allow a diagnostic capability for FMDV diagnosis and serology. Control strategies for understanding of FMD epidemiology have been implemented through veterinary and laboratory training workshops and laboratory testing for both virus typing and serosurveillance have begun. The project has highlighted the importance of having a laboratory network to identify what is happening in the field and how to prevent and control disease outbreaks. The pilot zones are established in provinces near the borders of Vietnam to study serotypes circulating in Vietnam and to determine their origin. The quality and collection of samples have increased giving more data on the FMD situation in Vietnam. Molecular epidemiological studies of the FMDV isolates in these provinces will provide insights to the effectiveness of border control and the origin of FMDV circulating in Vietnam each year. A diagnostic capacity for FMD would allow the early detection and identification of disease enabling better control of disease and help reduce loss of livestock and so productivity. 3. Executive Summary The main focus of this reporting period was to commence the project, begin the training of the field veterinarians in the South, Centre and North of Vietnam and also the training of laboratory staff. All laboratory equipment was purchased and supplied to the laboratories in Vietnam. All laboratory consumables and reagents were also supplied to the laboratories in Vietnam for the first 6 months of the project. AAHL staff prepared the information necessary for the training of field veterinarians. This workshop information and the lectures were used to run workshops for the field veterinarians in the South and Centre of Vietnam and this information was then transferred to Dr Hoa and the staff at Ho Chi Minh City Regional Laboratory who gave the third workshop in Hanoi. The field studies were planned and implemented through the veterinary workshops, the field studies began with the first sero- surveillance survey in the South and Centre of Vietnam and the collection of outbreak samples. The Regional Animal Health Centre in Ho Chi Minh City also visited each province to train the field veterinarians on how to collect samples and how to collect information necessary for the history of the animals on the villages in the project. One staff member from the Regional Animal Health laboratory and one staff member from NAVETCO attended AAHL for training in ELISA technology for the diagnosis of FMD and standardisation of the reagents to be used in the first year of the project. Two AAHL staff consultants carried out workshops for the field veterinarians in the South and Centre of Vietnam. The third veterinary workshop in North Vietnam was carried out by DAH staff. Two AAHL consultants also carried out a workshop for 20 participants from each of the laboratories in the project and the regional laboratories in South Vietnam, in ELISA technologies for
diagnosis of FMD at the Regional Animal Health Centre in Ho Chi Minh City. An important part of the laboratory training was Quality Assurance in the laboratory to ensure tests will be run according to a standard protocol and to allow AAHL to audit the results from each laboratory and give the appropriate data to allow trouble shooting. Avian Influenza (AI) has extended the sero- surveillance in the first six months.
4. Introduction & Background Objectives of the project: 1. To establish an effective laboratory network for the diagnosis and control of FMD by the provision of resources and training of staff in required methods and quality assurance. 2. To provide accurate data to explain failure of vaccination to control FMDV and to develop new effective vaccine application strategies. Completing these objectives will improve the diagnostic capability of the Veterinary laboratories in Vietnam and the training of DAH veterinarians in disease investigation and control. This will strengthen the profile of DAH which will play a vital role in making Vietnam more economically competitive. Improved animal health will lead to an increase in rural productivity though increased animal production and indirectly in increased crop production. Healthy animals will enable small farmers to be more competitive in the local market. Control of FMD and animal diseases in general will give poor farmers a more stable income stream and reduce their vulnerability to natural and economic problems. Establishing a diagnostic network which extends from the North to South Vietnam, from the laboratory to the farm level, reinforced by training and education, will give Vietnam a working model on which to base disease control. This will directly increase the competitiveness and productivity of the national agricultural system which includes the major areas of concern including the Mekong Delta and the Central Coast. Implementation Approach and Strategy The project approach is thought to be the most appropriate for developing an understanding of FMD epidemiology in Vietnam. The approach for technology transfer is well established at AAHL and has been successfully applied in previous projects in Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia. The field studies and epidemiology and serosurveillance approaches have been designed and planned in conjunction with DAH to provide the maximum necessary information to demonstrate the FMD situation in Vietnam and the effectiveness of FMD vaccines. The diagnostic technologies that will be used in this approach are the standard diagnostic tests in use throughout the world to study FMD as directed by OIE. AAHL has a lot of experience with field surveys for prevalence of antibodies, as in the ACIAR projects in Laos and Thailand on FMD. The Philippines is another example where OIE standard diagnostic tests are being used to control and eradicate FMD.
5. Progress to Date 5.1 Implementation Highlights Main achievements for this reporting period were: • Training of three laboratory staff from RAHC-HCMC and NAVETCO in ELISA technology for the diagnosis of FMD antigen and antibody, cell culture techniques for the growing of cells, for the growth virus. Standardisation of reagents for use in the first year of the project. Quality Assurance for laboratory diagnosis with a focus on test maintenance and record keeping. • Training of field veterinary staff in outbreak investigation and surveillance for the investigation of cases of FMD on farms and to establish the FMD situation in Vietnam, including record keeping, sampling strategies and data collection. • A sampling schedule was setup for each province for epidemiological studies and serosurveillance • Established ELISA technology from AAHL to collaborating laboratories • ELISA workshop at RAHC-HCMC • Order and purchase and supply equipment • Supply of consumables and budget for sample collection Report from Vietnam: Activities from June 1st. 2005 to Dec. 31st. 2005 1. Training No. Date & place Subject Person in charge Remark 1 26June–20 1. Tissue culture techniques Mr. Chris Morrissy 3 participants July,2005 2. Application of ELISA for Ms. Catherine (from Navetco AAHL FMD diagnosis (antigen & Williams and RAHC- antibody detection, Ag-ELISA, HCMC) 3ABC, LP-ELISA, C-ELISA ) 3. Standardisation of reagents 2 5-7 July 05 FMD workshop on Dr. Peter Daniel 40 participants HCM City “Outbreak investigation, Chris Morrissy (from 13 surveillance and strategies to Dr. Hoa provinces) control FMD” Dr. Long
3 11-13 July 05 FMD workshop on Dr. Peter Daniel 21 participants Da Nang city “Outbreak investigation, Chris Morrissy (from 8 surveillance and strategies to Dr. Hoa provinces) control FMD” Dr. Long 4 22-24 Dec.05 FMD workshop on Dr. Hoa 20 participants Hanoi capital “Outbreak investigation, Dr. Long (from 8 surveillance and strategies to Dr. Cam provinces) control FMD” 5 31Oct–4Nov Workshop on “Application of Chris Morrissy 20 participants 05 ELISA for FMD Diagnosis “ Linda Wright (from 9 labs) HCM city Dr. Long 2. Field activities 2.1 Visit to 8 provinces in the project (Central and Southern Vietnam) - Transfer the equipment and documents (form & questionnaire) for sample collection. - Transfer money for sample collection. - Conduct training for field veterinarians to collect samples. 2.2 Collect serum samples from 7 provinces (Kontum, An Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang, Long An, Binh Phuoc and Tay Ninh ) - 120 cattle sera and 120 pig sera from each province, total 1680 serum samples 2.3 Collect tissue samples for FMDV typing - 95 tissues samples from 7 provinces; serotype A was detected from 3 provinces; serotype Asia 1 was detected from 1 province & serotype O was detected from 6 provinces. 3. Laboratory Activities 3.1 Regional Animal Health Center HCMC - Testing of 95 tissues samples from 7 provinces for FMDV typing; serotype A was detected from 3 provinces; serotype Asia 1 was detected from 1 province & serotype O was detected from 6 provinces. - Isolation of FMD virus from 7 provinces, serotype Asia1 (2 cases), serotype A (4 cases) and serotype O (7 cases)
- Testing of 1680 sera by ELISA for non-structural antibody 3ABC and structural antibody serotype O. 3.2 Regional Animal Health Center Can Tho - Testing of 11 tissues samples from 3 provinces for FMDV typing; serotype O was detected from these samples. Reporter: Ngo Thanh Long Note: Further detail on activities for reporting period in log frame. 5.2 Smallholder Benefits All pig and cattle and producers are potential beneficiaries. Those that take up the advice and use vaccine according to recommendations will benefit financially through reduced losses due to death and disease in their cattle and pigs. The benefits of a more profitable farming operation flow to all family members. Farmers and district veterinarians will have improved knowledge and skill in disease prevention, knowledge on the selection of the right vaccine and improving the efficacy of vaccination 5.3 Capacity Building Training and education of field veterinarians in disease prevention, disease investigation and sample collection has been carried out in the North, Centre and South of Vietnam. This training has already shown an impact with an increase in quality of sample collection and number of samples collected and submitted to the laboratory. The project has provided training and technology transfer of FMD diagnostics to each laboratory involved in the project. Reagents and standard methods have been supplied to each laboratory giving them the diagnostic capability for FMDV diagnosis and serology using ELISA technology, this technology is now able to be practised at each laboratory. 5.4 Publicity The CARD AusAID project have received publicity through the training programs and also through the achievements so far in the project in understanding FMD in Vietnam. FMD is a disease on importance in Vietnam and this has put our project into the lime light. The project has been publicised through a press release in Australia and articles in news letters including the SEAFMD newsletter. 5.5 Project Management Implementation of the project is on schedule. AAHL has kept the project on target and has supported or requests from the Vietnamese partners. Training has been carried out in Australia and Vietnam with both partners benefiting from the information that is being generated.
Implementation in Vietnam is also continuing to go well. Trainees have been supplied in a timely manner, from DAH. The field work has been organised well with data and samples being collected from farms in each pilot zone. Training and the transfer of information to other regional laboratories in Vietnam is also occurring. RAHC-HCMC will supply support to these laboratories. 6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues 6.1 Environment No direct environmental impacts associated with project activities have been identified. On a broader scale, the intention is that pig and cattle farming will become more efficient through a reduction in animal death and disease. Environmental benefit will result through more efficient utilization of resources such as animal feed, the energy to provide animal feed and to run other aspects of the farm. 6.2 Gender and Social Issues Application of new diagnostic tests will improve the ability of regional and provincial diagnostic units to quickly and accurately assess FMD outbreaks, enabling rapid and appropriate measures to be applied to control disease. These benefits will begin during the project and continue to accrue with continued application. The beneficiaries of this project will be both large and small farms and particularly smallholder farmers whose animals and incomes will be protected by better disease diagnosis, management and control. Since women at the village level are the primary animal handlers and managers, they will be major beneficiaries of the final outcome of better diagnosis and control of animal diseases. 7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues 7.1 Issues and Constraints DAH has been very busy controlling the AI outbreaks in Vietnam and this has made there workload increase dramatically, this have meant some delays and rescheduling of training field veterinarians, eg training in the North Vietnam rescheduled. Sampling has also been spread out over a longer time period as well but this has had no effect with all samples still being collected. The collection of samples was made more difficult by the need to train all veterinarians in each province in data collection, on how to collect samples, collection of blood and how to restrain cattle. This increased training need has highlighted the need for further training of field veterinarians throughout Vietnam in disease investigation techniques with a focus on sample collection and data collection. There is a need for further input in this area, large scale training of field veterinarians to ensure better knowledge and control of disease in Vietnam. This could be achieved though better collaboration of aid agencies in Vietnam especially those supplying training for AI.
7.2 Options The government of Vietnam is looking at increasing the support to DAH and has increased funding for AI diagnosis and is looking to do the same for FMD diagnosis. The increased funding for AI has seen laboratories updated with new equipment some of which will improve all disease diagnosis which includes FMD. The money available to improve AI diagnosis can improve all disease diagnosis if this money is used wisely, eg in training field veterinarians in AI diagnosis, the training should be general to cover all diseases including FMD, CSF and other diseases of importance in Vietnam. Also in improving AI diagnosis in laboratories the training should emphasize how improvement can be applied to all areas of diagnosis, eg quality assurance in the laboratory. 7.3 Sustainability The DAH laboratories appear to be well supported by the central government. The DAH laboratories are also receiving increased support from overseas funding agencies as part of the AI campaign to improve laboratory facilities. RAHC-HCMC is developing in confidence as an institution. This confidence is beginning to be passed on to other DAH laboratories. The DAH scientific staff are quick to understand new information and are energetic in its implementation. People have an obvious desire to do their jobs well. This desire is obvious in staff in RAHC-HCMC and other laboratories. The laboratories just need technical support to be encouraged to carry out the techniques that they need for diagnosis and research. The project is following a well tried model for successful technology transfer, of demonstration and teaching of the technology in the donor facility followed by supply of reagents for implementation by the trainees at their own initiative in the recipient laboratory, subsequently backed up by consultancy visits to the recipient laboratory for support and fine tuning. A useful indicator of likely success is the initiative and ability of the trainees to make a useful attempt at implementation by themselves. DAH and NAVETCO staff show a high level of involvement in this way. The AusAID funded CSFV project, that linked DAH, NaVetCo and AAHL prior to this project, is proving sustainable. NAVETCO and DAH not only maintains the diagnostic capability developed at that time, but on its own initiative and unassisted by AAHL is conducting training courses and technology transfer to other labs in Vietnam. 8. Next Critical Steps The critical steps in the next 6 months will be implementing the second phase of the sero-surveillance for the collection of the samples, reviewing the first collection of samples and implementing any changes necessary in the second collection of samples. In the next 6 months we will also carry out all of the testing of the samples collected and co-ordinate with the other laboratories in the Centre, North and the Mekong delta to do the testing of the samples in the second phase. All testing in the first phase of collection of samples was done
at HCMC. HCMC will standardise and evaluate the reagents used in the testing of the first phase of collection of samples. In the second 6 months of the project it was decided to bring forward the training of the staff from each laboratory to be held at AAHL. This training will be carried out at AAHL for 1 representative from each laboratory for training in ELISA techniques. A consultant from AAHL will complete training of the HCMC-RAHC in cell culture techniques and establish this technology there to be used to grow FMD isolates from the field. The growth of FMD isolates from the field is important to allow further analysis of these isolates by PCR and sequencing. 9. Conclusion The project activities are on schedule. The DAH laboratories are running the field trials on time, even though they have had increased workload with avian influenza outbreaks. It is expected that the second sero-surveillance survey will be much easier than the first. The first took a lot longer to do due to commitments with avian influenza and also understanding the problems associated with collecting samples in areas where samples had not been collected before. Field veterinarians needed to be trained in the collection of tissue samples from infected animals as well as bleeding animals. The staff at Regional Animal Health Centre, Ho Chi Min City have performed a excellent job in getting everything to run on schedule in this first six months. The project should continue to run on time and I expect no further problems especially how the collection procedures are in place. The staff at DAH are very eager to learn and this is making a very good environment for transferring technology. The laboratory at Da Nang has less experience and this laboratory will need much more contact with AAHL and the laboratory at RAHC-HCMC to achieve the transfer of the ELISA technology to this laboratory. The laboratory in Hanoi has the skills and is doing quite well in the application of the ELISA but this laboratory needs further contact with AAHL to increase their understanding of the application of this technology for FMD diagnosis and this also applies to the laboratory in Can Tho in the south. Can Tho is applying the technologies learnt. This project has proved to be an important project for Vietnam with the importance of FMD and this has meant good publicity for the AusAID CARD program. It has also meant an increase in requests for help in other areas of animal health with the success of this project in improving the skills and technology at RAHC-HCMC and NAVETCO and through our other project in CSF at NAVETCO and DAH and Duck Plague at NAVETCO. DAH is using this project as an example of how to approach FMD control.