s l 11 (241V2015<br />
<br />
N G 6 N NGf<br />
<br />
& Ddi S 6 N G<br />
<br />
19<br />
<br />
CAC DpNG TU" GHEP COM HAI DQNG TU" DOfN<br />
CHI HANH D O N G TRONG TIENG VIET<br />
VA TirONG DlTOOVG TRONG TIENG ANH<br />
COMPOUND VERBS CONSITING OF TWO ACTION SINGLE VERBS IN<br />
VIETNAMESE AND THEK TRANSLATIONAL ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS<br />
LUtJ QUY KHfONG<br />
(PGS.TS; S«i hf c Ngof i npt, B«i hf c 8d Ndng)<br />
N G 6 T H J H U Y E N TRANG<br />
(ThS; Df i hpc Ngoji ngfi-, Df i hf c Di Ning)<br />
Abstract: This paper is intended to investigate the syntactic and semantic featiures of<br />
Vietnamese verb compounds consisting of two single verbs denoting actions, and to lind<br />
tianslational equivalents in English because it results in frequent mistakes in language<br />
transfer. The sources of data were extracted from bilingual novels and short stories written<br />
by Nam Cao, Nguyen Cong Hoan, Bao Ninh, Nguyen Huy Thiep, Le Minh Khue, Nguyen<br />
Quang Than, and Thai Ba Tan in which Vietnamese is a source language. Therefore, the<br />
research is hoped to contribute to the learning and teaching these verbs, especially giving<br />
leamers a general view in achieving effective communication and translation.<br />
Key words; compound verbs; syntactic features; semantic features; action verb,<br />
translation.<br />
accommodate twenty foreign tourists?; 16, tr.<br />
1. D ^ t v i n d l<br />
/./. Trong giao ti^p htog ngiy, nhOng 212)<br />
Phin tich vi d\i trSn cho thdy, neu nhu<br />
ngu6i n6i tifag Vi^t thu6ng ding nhiJu<br />
dOng tCr g h ^ dinrc hlnh thinh tCt hai dOng tir tiing Vi?t sir dvmg dpng tir ghip hlnh thinh<br />
tfr<br />
hai d$ng tir don chi hinh d$ng thl khi<br />
don chi hinh dOng nhu: "di ding", "dn d",<br />
"eudi dua", "dn ndm", "ngi nghi", "hpc chuyin djch sang tieng Anh chi cdn Ifi mpt<br />
hoi", "chgy nhdy", "gdo th6t", "hdt hd",... dOng tvr don, hay tiong mdt s6 trudng hpp,<br />
Nhfhig d^ng t(r niy khdng nhihig chi hinh ngudi ta phii thSm tir di hilu dupc j nghia.<br />
(3) Mdi sdng sdm mi cu T%o dd vdc edp<br />
d$ng mi cdn the hifn m$t thii dO nhat djnh<br />
vi giy khi nhieu khd khin cho ngudi hpc khi di hoc rii d? [23, tr. 57] (Did Teo eo to<br />
Um cich chuyen nghia tuong duong sang school early this morning?; 15, tr. 55).<br />
Tuy nhiin, cho din nay dS khdng cd<br />
ti^ng Anh. Nhiing vi dy dudi diy cho thiy<br />
nhfhig ngQ cinh khic nhau din din cic bin nhilu nghiin cihi vl d$ng tfr ghip gIm hai<br />
d$ng<br />
tit don bilu thj hinh dpng ^TGHD)<br />
djch khic nhau d^ng tir ghip "dn d" dugc<br />
tfo thinh tCr hai d$ng ti^ don chi hinh dOng; tiing Viit ciing nhu tiing Anh. VI v$y, bii<br />
niy nhiim khio sit d$c diem cd phip vi ngii<br />
"in" vi "d".<br />
ndila ciia cic DTGHD dvra trin khii liiu<br />
(1) Cdi Mai, nd dn_d ff thdt. [23, tr.50] gdm 370 DTGHD nit ra tit cic tic phim cia<br />
(Mai behayesbadly, 15,tr.48)<br />
Nam Cao, Nguyin Cdng Hoan, Bio Ninh,<br />
(2) Nha khdch n£ty cd thi lo vipc dnd cho Nguyen Huy Thipp, Li Minh Khui, Nguyen<br />
hai muoi du khdch nude ngodi dupc hay Quang Thin, vi Thii Bi TSn, ding thdi, tim<br />
khdng? [22, tr.97] (Is this guest house able tora cich chuyin dich tiing Anh tuong ducmg.<br />
<br />
20<br />
<br />
NG6NNGff&D6ls6NG<br />
<br />
gdp phin nang cao hiiu qui viic hpc t$p vi<br />
giang day DTGHD tiing Viit. Kit qui<br />
nghiin cilu cung giup ning cao chit lupng<br />
viic djch DTGHD tieng Viit sang tiing Anh<br />
trong cac tic pham vin hpc.<br />
l.Z Mic dvl da c6 khi nhilu bii vilt ve<br />
dpng tu ghip vdi nhiSng dii tupng nghiin<br />
cuu khic nhau nhimg nhQng cdng trinh<br />
nghiin ciiu vl DTGHD khdng nhieu.<br />
Halliday [3], Biber [1] vi nhilu nhi ngdn<br />
ngft hpc nhu Givdn [2], Quyrk [6] di phin<br />
lo^ cic ding tir ghip ve chiic ning ciia dpng<br />
tit. Diip Quang Ban [7], Cao Xuin Hfo [9],<br />
Tran Hftu M»nh [11], Nguyin Httu Q u ^<br />
[12], Nguyen Kun Thin [13] cung chi ra<br />
cich phin loai cii phip vi ngii nghia cua<br />
dpng tir.<br />
Homby [4, tr.l636] djnh nghia ding tir<br />
nhu mpt tii h o ^ mpt nhdm tir diln ti mit<br />
hanh dpng, mpt s\r kipn hay mpt tr^ng thii.<br />
Theo Quyrk [6], dpng tir li yeu tl trung tam<br />
nhat, vi d\ra vio vi tri ciia ddng tQ giQp xic<br />
dinh nhiing ylu tl khic cdn lai trong ciu.<br />
Diip Quang Ban vi Hoing Vin Thung [7,<br />
tr.97] dinh nghia ding tQ li nhiing tQ thl<br />
hiin hinh ding ho$c tr^g thii.<br />
Ding tQ ghip thudng bao gIm hai tQ. Vl<br />
m^t ngQ nghia, chOng cd thl thay thl ding tQ<br />
don trong hiu hit cic cau mi khdng thay doi<br />
^ nghia. Ciing giong dpng tQ don, theo Trin<br />
Ngpc Dvmg [8, p.215], ding tQ ^ i p cd thl<br />
dupc sQ dvmg dl bieu thj cim xiic, hinh dpng<br />
ho$c tr^g thii. Dpng tii ghip gIm hai dpng<br />
tQ don bilu thi hinh dpng ^TGHD). Theo<br />
dd, DTGHD li mpt dpng tQ dupc ghip tQ hai<br />
ding tQ don chi hinh ding.<br />
2. D$c tnmg ngon ngir cua DTGHD<br />
tieng Vift<br />
Zl. Bfc trung ci phdp cia BTGHB<br />
tiing Vi^t<br />
Trong bii niy, d ^ trung cQ phip cua<br />
DTGHD tiing Vipt dupc hilu theo phin lo»i<br />
theo H thuylt cua Cao Xuin Hfo [9, tr. 23]:<br />
chu ngft (CN), vi ngii (VN), tifng ngft<br />
Cfr.N), bo nghia (BN) cua cvim danh tQ.<br />
<br />
S6 11 (241)-2015<br />
<br />
ThA nhit, chi nglk Khi DTGHD li cW<br />
ngft trong ciu thi nhiing DTGHD niy cung<br />
dupc xem nhu danh tQ. DTGHD tieng Vi?l<br />
cd chile ning chQ ngft khi ding tQ chinh<br />
trong cau li ding tQ quan hi chi tr^ng tM<br />
nhu thi, li, cdm thdy, dudng nhu, nghe ra,<br />
vdn edn, xem ra, trd thdnh, hda ra trong c&<br />
tnic; CN - BT quan h(-BN cia CN.<br />
Mpt djc diem nOa khi DTGHD ddng vai<br />
trd li CN trong ciu thi nhQng hu tQ nhu 3&,<br />
sS, dang hdy, dimg chd si khdng thl dimg<br />
trudc DTGHD vi xong, rii khong thl dimg<br />
sau DTGHD. Ndi cich khic, DTGHD d(Sng<br />
vai trd li CN trong cau thl khdng kit hpp vdi<br />
hutQ.Vidy:<br />
(4) K&u gdo vd ehii bdi Id vi$c lim<br />
thudng xttyen cua hdn lie say xin. [20,<br />
tr.l 17] fShoutine and cursine is what he dm<br />
-whenever being drtmk; 17,tr.ll2).<br />
Thit hai, v/ ngit: Ding tQ ghip ti M<br />
dpng tQ don chi hinh ding ddng vai trd !i vj<br />
ngft (VN) trong ciu. VN cd thi li mit d^<br />
tu npi hudng ddng tit ngogi hudng vi d^<br />
tit quan M.<br />
- Vj ngtt li ding tQ nil hudng, vi dy:<br />
(5)CvStChiPheogungdSs.<br />
[20,tr.l61<br />
(He helped Chi Pheo stand UP: 7, tr.25).<br />
- Vi ngft li ding tQ ngofi hudng, vl dvc<br />
(6) Thi lyc cia cy Idndt dupc nhiing W^<br />
cdnh khdc. [20, tr.23] (He is able to reurm<br />
the other clans; 17, tr.3I).<br />
Thi ba, trfng ngit Tr^ng ngft thuing<br />
dupc dimg chi thdi gian, noi chin, mia #<br />
cich thQc, dilu kipn, tuong phin vi myc<br />
dich. Tuy nhiin, cQ liiu thu th$p cho thiy<br />
DTGHD tiing Viit chi xuit hifn trong<br />
nhiing trang ngft chi myc dich vdi di vipM<br />
diing trudc cic DTGHD. Vidy:<br />
(7) Ldo ldm thue di kiim dn. [20, tr.90|<br />
(He earned his living by hiring himself om<br />
a labourer; n.ti.ll).<br />
^<br />
Thit tu, bS nghta cia c^m danhticM><br />
chung, DTGHD d tiing Viit luin dQng »<br />
danh tQ chinh dl bo nghia cho danh tQ hofi<br />
lim rd nghia cho cvim danh tQ.<br />
<br />
Sl 11 (241)-2015<br />
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NG6N NGU" & Bin S6NG<br />
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(8) Mi khdng dd dpng tdi viSc cudi xin gi hai ciu cung khdng thay dii. Mit d$c diem<br />
nia. [20,tr. 87]<br />
nfta li y nghia ting quit cia mit DTGHD<br />
(He dropped the idea ifmarriaee and did I5p nghia tuong duong vdi -j nghia cua timg<br />
tQ to khi nhftng tQ tl niy dimg dupc nhu tQ<br />
not speak of it again). [17, tr.70]<br />
2.2. Bfe tnmg ngit nghta cia BTGHB don tl. Vidy:<br />
tieng Vift<br />
(10) Ong dy ddnh ddp con cdi hodl [24,<br />
Theo quan dilm cua O'Grady, Archibald, tr.247 (He ohvsieallv abuses his chtldren;19<br />
Aronoff and Miller [5], vl mjt nghia thl tQ n-.212).<br />
ghip cd thl dupc phin loai dya vdo muc dd<br />
b. Ddngtitghip thdnh ngi<br />
dpng ca Idi ndi, hojc dya vdo nghTa cdu trie Dpng tQ ghip thinh ngtt li nhiing ding tQ<br />
cia cdc tir trong ti ghip, ndi rd hon li tuong ghip mi nghia cia ching khing thl hilu mit<br />
tic ve nghia cQa cic tQ trong tQ ghip vdi cich dl ding thdng qua nghia cia ting ding<br />
nhau. Diip Quang Ban vi Hoing Vin Thung tQ mi li mit nghia khic hoin toin. Khi tich<br />
[7] ciing dl c$p ve mli quan hi nghia ciia cic moi DTGHD li ding tQ ghip thinh ngtt tich<br />
ding tQ don trong ding tQ ghip nghiin cQu thinh hai ding tQ don thl nghia cia ching<br />
niy, cic tic gli Ivia chpn cich phin loai thQ khic nhau. Vi dy:<br />
(11) Bdi vdy, cd cd thi todn tdm eho vi$e<br />
hai dl phSn tich quan hi ^ nghia ciia cic<br />
ding tQ don h^ng DTGHD. Theo dd, sinh nhai [24, tr.30] (That she could give al<br />
her mind to eamine her livinp. •• 19. tr.25).<br />
DTGHD cd thl phin lim hai nhdm:<br />
"Sinh nhai" nghia li lim in sinh sing<br />
a. Ddng ti ghip phi thdnh ngU<br />
al. Ddng tu ghep gpp nghXa: Khi hai (him y khd khin, ch^t v^t) (IBTV, 2014, tr.<br />
1114),<br />
hoin toin khic vdi nghia cia 2 ding<br />
ding tQ don chi hinh ding kit hpp vdi nhau<br />
tao thinh mit DTGHD thi n ^ a chung tQ don tich ra tQ nd li "sinh"vi "nhai".<br />
23. Kit qui phin tieh si U$u thing ki<br />
DTGHD dupc hilu dvra trin ^ nghia cua tQng<br />
1) Bilu dl (1) cho thiy tin si^t cia<br />
thinh tl ting hpp Ifi. Ndi cich khic, ^ nghia<br />
cia timg ding tir don cimg nhau gip lai dl DTGHD vdi chiic ning vj ngtt nhilu nhit vdi<br />
tfo ra y nghia chung cda ci ding tQ ghip. 47,30%; diing thi hai vdi 25,41% li chic<br />
DTGHD gip nghia khi tich thinh hai ding ning trang ngtt; d v] tri thQ ba li bl nghia<br />
tQ don, nghia cQa m3i tQ rit xic dinh vi khic cia danh tQ vdi 22,15% vi thip nhit vdi<br />
5,14% li chi ngtt.<br />
nhau, trii ngupc nhau. Vi dy:<br />
(9) Tdi thttdng mua bdn mdy md rau qud<br />
trong vudn vdi mayo ling bSn. [24, tr.l 53] ^/<br />
usually trade some vegetable and fruit with<br />
women in the nearby village; 19, tr.l24).<br />
Trong vi dy trin, mua *buy' + bdn 'sell' ><br />
mua bdn 'trade*. Nhu ta thiy, "trade" li mit<br />
ding tQ dimg dl chi hinh ding gIm "mua"<br />
vi "bin" hing hda.<br />
a2. Bdng ti ghip ldp nghTa: Khdng nhu<br />
DTGHD gip nghia, DTGHD IJp nghia cia<br />
hai ding tQ don vdi nghia tucmg tvr, hojc<br />
ding nghia vdi nhau, chiing kit hpp vdi nhau<br />
Biiu do 1: Tdn sudt cia DTGHD tiing<br />
chjit che dl t?o ra ^ nghia chung cia mit<br />
DTGHD. Khi tich DTGHD thinh hai ding Vi$t trin binh di$n ciphdp<br />
t i don de tao thinh hai ciu thi -j nghia cua<br />
<br />
22<br />
<br />
N G 6 N N G C & Bin S O N G<br />
<br />
S I U (241)-2015<br />
<br />
(13) Niu khdng cd Dyt dOng cdn dt ba<br />
2) Bilu do (2) cho thiy tin suit cia<br />
DTGHD tiing Viit tren hhih diin ngft nghia: ndy anh dd bj trdi tit Idu roi. [73, tr.234]<br />
Phin tich bieu do (2), ngudi ta thiy dpng tQ (But for Du's intervention, he would ha<br />
ghip phi thinh ngu xuat hiin vdi sl lupng had his hands tied;) 70,p.l78).<br />
- cym danh td, vi d\i: (14) Anh vdn tudng<br />
ldn hon nhilu so vdi ding tQ ghep thinh ngft<br />
hdn d ngodi tinh, nhd dng bdt Hudng Id c<br />
(76.49% so vdi 23.51%)<br />
hg, vi dng nay budn bdn gidu cd. [21, tr.6]<br />
(Pha thought he had gone to an uncle's, a<br />
2j^^<br />
Ngitnghls<br />
wealthy merchant in the chief town; 18,<br />
tr.lO).<br />
- dpng tCr don, vl dv: (15) Bdc San dd idy<br />
thdng bi, nhin mdt nd, hdn hit nd.[24, tr.2<br />
(Bac San hugged him in her arms, took a<br />
good look at him and kissed him;l9,ti.30).<br />
- Ld cym dpng td d tiing Anh, vi dy:<br />
(16) Bdy gid thi chi d(^ dd, khuvSn bdo su<br />
Bieu S 2: Tdn sudt cua DTGHD tiing ngdy. [27] (Now it's Just lecturing and tell<br />
me what to do all day long.) [27]<br />
Vi$t trSn binh di^n ngit nghia<br />
2.4. Bdi chiiu DTGHD tiing Vift vd<br />
- tinh td don, vi dy: (17) Nim mOt cdi nhi<br />
hinh thitc tuang duong trong tiing Anh<br />
vdo qt^ trinh chi tao keo ddn mUi gidy d d<br />
Cd hai ngdn ngtt deu cd dpng td gh6p nhu phucmg ta. [25] (Casting a hard look into<br />
dd nSu d p h ^ If thuyet. Tuy nhien, khi shoe-tip glue manufacturing processes in<br />
chuydn dich DTGHD tieng Vipt sang tieng locality;25).<br />
- cym gidi td, vf dy: (18) Cdi do gidc vdsy<br />
Anh thl cd thS th4y mOt s6 d$e diem nhu<br />
xa vdi ^ ldm mgi ngudi xao xuyin, thdp th<br />
sau:<br />
chd<br />
doi miia thu. [26] (Ihe mirage and the<br />
Dhu tiin, khi xem x^t nhttng b ^ dieh<br />
ti^g Anh tuong duong thl nh§n thdy khdng awcQr felling made people anxious in thei<br />
ed DTGHD tieng Anh tuong dng md chi Id for autumn:26).<br />
Thit ba, mOt DTGHD tiing Vi^t ed thl c6<br />
nhttng dOng tCr don d ti^ng Anh thay th^. Vi<br />
vdi hlnh thde djch tuong duong d tiing Anh.<br />
dv:<br />
Nhilu<br />
DTGHD tiing Vipt cung cd thl cd<br />
(12) Nhirng thay ddi cua Idng khien cd<br />
khdng khdi nggc nhiin. [77] (The great ehung d^g tuong duong trong tiing Anh.VI<br />
changes of the village made her surprised; dv:<br />
- "ldm dn" dupc dich thfbih nhilu edeh<br />
77).<br />
Thdr hai, DTGHD tieng Vipt khi djch nhu "get a job ", "to do business ".<br />
(19) Dong chi dimg cho nhu v
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