Châu bản triều Nguyễn những chứng cứ lịch sử - pháp lý về chủ quyền của Việt Nam đối với Hoàng Sa-Trường Sa (tiếp theo và hết)

CHAU BAN TRIEU NGUYEN<br /> NHUNG CHUMG CUT UCH SUT - PHAP LY VE CHU QUYEN<br /> CUA VIET NAM DQI VflTl HUANG SA-TRU&NG SA<br /> (Tiep theo vd het)<br /> <br /> <br /> PHAN HUY LE"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 3. Li^c litdng t h a m gia d o a n k h a o sat (20). Theo che do tuyen chon va sii dung nhu<br /> Liic liidng quan ly Hoang Sa tnide day vay thi doi Hoang Sa thUc ra la mot doi dan<br /> chu yeu la doi Hoang Sa kiem quan ca doi phu CO to chiic lam nhiem vu cong sai ciia<br /> Bac Hai. Doi Hoang Sa nay thcJi chua nha nUdc, gan nhU mot thfl dan binh.<br /> Nguyen thudng co 70 ngiiSi (19), do Cai d6i Sang thdi Nguyen, Iiic diu doi Hoang Sa<br /> dting d^u, lay ngilcli xa An VTnh 6 ngay vung sdm duoc to' chflc lai va tiep tuc tham gia<br /> CLia bien Sa K^. Doi BSc Hai lay ngUcfi thon boat dong nhu mot luc lUdng dan binh.<br /> Tfl Chinh 6 xa Canh Difdng thuoc Binh Nam 1816, nha Nguyen bat dau dieu thiiy<br /> ThuSn. Ho la nhGng ngUcfi dan chai ven quan tham gia khao sat Hoang Sa. Chu<br /> bi^n, tUng dung thuyen ra vao danh b5t ca trUdng mdi ciia nha Nguyen la diing mot bo<br /> tr§n ngii triicfng Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa, rat phan quan doi thudng trUc cua nha nUdc,<br /> am hieu thcfi tiet, thuy trieu, gio bao va co cu thg' la thiiy binh va ve Giam thanh, lam<br /> nhieu kinh nghiem di bien. Ho dUdc miSn luc lUdng chii yeu cung vdi dan phu tien<br /> cac loai tien thue vk dUdc cap gia'y phai di hanh cac boat dong khao sat.<br /> \km nhiim vij ciia nha nUdc. Ho thuong To chflc quan dpi cua nha Nguyen qua<br /> mang theo lUcJng thuc du an trong 6 thang, nhieu lan thay doi va ndi chung dUdc qui<br /> nhan gia'y sai phai vao thang 2, ra di khoang dinh chat che dudi trieu vua Minh Menh.<br /> thang 3 va thang 8 trd ve trUdc miia mUa Quan doi thudng true d kinh thanh gom<br /> bao. Tr§n dao, ho bat chim, ca, cac loai hai Than binh bao ve nha vua. Cam binh bao<br /> san d l song va lam nhiem vu quan ly, khai ve cung ca'm va Tinh binh bao ve ca kinh<br /> thac hai san. thu lucfm cac via khi va cua cai thanh. Trong Tinh binh cd Kinh ky thuy sU<br /> cLia nhflng tau thuyen bi dam de lai. Khi trd la cac ddn vi thiiy binh va ve Giam thanh.<br /> ve, ho phai vao ciia Thuan An de'n kinh Thuy sU gom 3 doanh, mdi doanh 5 ve, moi<br /> ve 10 doi, mdi doi 50 ngudi. Chi huy ddn vi<br /> thanh Phii Xuan de nop, dUdc gifl lai va dem<br /> doi cd 1 Cai ddi (chanh ngu phim), 2 Ddi<br /> ban mpt so san vat, linh bang trd ve que<br /> <br /> <br /> • GS. Dai hoc Quo'c gia Ha Ndi<br />  Rghien curu XJch s^. so 8.2Q14<br /> <br /> trUdng (chanh th^t pham) va 2 Ngoai iiy Gia Dinh, di khao sat Hoang Sa nam<br /> doi trudng (21). Chdu bdn va Dgi Nam thiXc 1836. Soai da khao sat 11 bai cat va dao,<br /> luc ghi chep mdt so trudng hdp dieu thuy nhUng do ve ban do khdng dUdc chu dao,<br /> binh 5 kinh thanh di khao sat Hoang Sa bi phat cho ve lam linh ve Giam thanh de<br /> nhU: Cai dpi Ph^m Van Nguyen nam 1835 sau nay di "hieu luc" (Chdu bdn 12). Nam<br /> (Chdu bdn 7, 8), Chanh ddi trudng sua't dpi 1838, theo ldi tau cua Bp Cdng, edn dieu ca<br /> thuy quan Pham HQu Nhat (DNTL, T.4, nhan vien Kham thien giam tham gia<br /> tr.867), thiiy sU Sua't dpi Pham Van Bidn khao sat Hoang Sa (Chau bdnl3) (23).<br /> (Chdu bdn 12) nam 1836; thuy sU Pham Thdi Nguydn, viec quan t r i e thdi tiet da c6<br /> Van Bi^n (Chdu bdn 11), thuy sU Sua't dpi mpt so tien bp, ngoai tda Kham thien giam<br /> Pham v a n Bien (Chdu bdn 12), nam 1836; d kinh thanh, cac tinh da phai ghi nhat ky<br /> thuy sU Sua't dpi Pham Van Bien (DNTL, mUa gid, dfldc ca'p bon bang sanh de do<br /> T5, tr. 164) nam 1837. Day la nhflng ddn vi nUdc mUa, han thfl xich de do dp nong<br /> thuy binh cd'p dpi do Cai ddi hay Dpi trudng lanh... Khdng rd nhan vien Kham thien<br /> chl huy, trong mpt sd' td Chdu bdn ehep rd giam dUdc phai di khao sat Hoang Sa c6<br /> "do Kinh phai" (Chdu bdn 11, 12) tflc do dfldc giao nhidm vu quan trac thdi tiet<br /> trieu dinh dieu ddng tfl kinh thanh den, khdng va ke't qua the nao?<br /> chfl khdng phai lay thuy binh cua tinh.<br /> Vao d i u thdi Nguyin, dpi Hoang Sa<br /> Vd Giam thanh liic dau vd'n la dpi Tuan van gifl vai trd quan trpng. Nam 1803, vua<br /> thanh do Giam thanh phd sfl cai quan de Gia Long sai Thu ngii eiia bien Sa Ky la<br /> bao vd thanh Gia Dinh. Sau khi trieu Cai ed Vii Van Phu chieu md dan ngoai<br /> Nguydn thanh lip, dd'i lam ve Giam thanh tich lap lai ddi Hoang Sa. Theo dd, doi<br /> gdm mdt sd' dpi T u i n thanh, b kinh thanh Hoang Sa lay tfl dan xa An Vinh va do<br /> va mpt so' tiinh. Nam 1804, ve Giam thanh Thu ngii cL(a Sa Ky td' chflc. Thu ngfl la<br /> d kinh thanh dUde xep vao tinh binh va chflc cai quan cac eiia bien, cdn goi la exta<br /> nam 1823 eho thudc vao Hd thanh binh tan, ed ddn binh ddng gifl. Ciia Sa Ky la<br /> ma, chuyen ve dd ban vk chi bao each thflc etta sdng Sa Ky, mot trong nhflng ciia bien<br /> xay dung (22). NhU vay la ve Giam thanh ldn ciia Quang Ngai va dac biet co vi tri<br /> da chuyen doi chflc nang thanh mot td' gan dao Ly Sdn hay Cu lao Re, ndi thuyS'n<br /> ehflc mang tfnh ky t h u a t chuyen ve do be ra vao danh ca, budn ban va cung la<br /> dac, lap ban do va ban ve xay dung. Vi vay con dudng bien g^n nha't ra Hoang Sa. Dgi<br /> trieu Nguyin da dieu mot so' nhan vien ve Nam nhat thd'ng chi mieu ta eiia bien Sa<br /> Giam thanh tham gia cac dpi khao sat Ky: "d phia ddng nam huyen Binh Sdn,<br /> Hoang Sa de do dae dudng bien, do dac va cOa bien rpng 145 trUdng (580m), khi nfldc<br /> ve ban dd cac dao. Chau ban cdn ghi ten len sau 6 thflde (2,4m), nfldc rdng sau 5<br /> mot so' nh^n vien cua ve Giam thanh nhU thudc (2m) (24), cd ghd'nh da cao n6i len<br /> Tran Van Van, Nguydn Van Tien, Nguydn mat nude, trdng nhU hinh ngfldi dflng. Sau<br /> v a n Hoang (Chdu ban 7), TrUdng Viet nay cd ngUdi vinh them eanh Thach ki<br /> Soai (Chdu bdn 11). Rieng TrUdng Viet dieu t^u (Lao cau ghenh da), thanh 12<br /> Soai, trUdc da tflng la Dd'c bien trdng viec canh dep d Quang Ngai". Cach 12 hai ly la<br /> luyen thud'e sung bi phat "tram giam hau" dao Ly Sdn, cd cfla bien Ly Sdn dUdc midu<br /> (tdi chem nhung eho giam chd xet), roi eho ta; "Cfla bien Ly Sdn d huyen Binh Sdn,<br /> di "hieu Itie" (lam de chupc tdi) xay thanh dd'i dien vdi cfla Sa K^. Bd'n phia deu c6 da<br /> Chfiu b ^ trieu Rguyen..<br /> <br /> ngdm ghenh da, thac da, thuyen di phai p h i n cua doan gom Thiiy su Pham Van<br /> tranh. Khi trudc cd ddn tr^n gifl, nay da Bien, ngfldi hUdng dan Vii Van Hung, ngudi<br /> bd. Tfl cuta bien Sa ky, thuyen di thuan gid lai thuyan LUu Dflc True, nhan vien ve<br /> de'n ciia Ly Sdn, het 5 khSc" (25). Giam thanh TrUdng Viet Soai va thuy binh,<br /> Sau khi tai lap, nam 1815 nha Nguyin dan phu. Cfidu bdn 12 chdp "phung chieu"<br /> ''sai bpn Pham Quang Anh thude dpi Hoang ghi "binh dinh 22 ten, [trong dd] thuy sU 20<br /> Sa ra Hoang Sa tham dd do dac thuy trinh" ten, Giam thanh 2 ten, dan phu 31 ten"<br /> (26). Nhung tfl nam 1816, thuy binh da {Chdu bdn 11, 12). Sd* ngfldi trong doan<br /> tham gia va sau dd, thuy binh cung ve cdng 53 ngudi.<br /> Giam thSnh ciia trieu dinh gifl vai trd chu Nam 1838, doan gom 4 thuyen trong dd<br /> lUc va tuy theo nhu cau tflng ddt khao sat, CO "binh thuyd'n" cua kinh thanh va "dSn<br /> huy ddng thdm Iflc lUdng dia phfldng theo thuyen" cua Binh Dinh. Doan ed Thi ve,<br /> che dp dan phu va thud thuyen. Chau bdn Kham thien giam, ve Giam thanh va thuy<br /> cho biet cu the ve 4 doan ra khao sat Hoang binh la luc lUdng eua trieu dinh (27) va<br /> Sa vdi cac thanh p h i n nhfl sau: "dan thuyen" gom thuyen cua dan va dan<br /> phu. Ngudi hudng din la Pham Van Sdnh<br /> Nam 1834 doan gom 3 thuye'n gpi la (Chdu bdn 13).<br /> "chinh thuyen" tflc loai thuyen ldn d l di xa<br /> hay chien da'u, dUdc dieu ddng theo td "tfl" Nam 1838, doan gdm 4 thuyen, trong dd<br /> cua Bd Binh thUc hien td "sac" eua nha vua. cd 2 thuyan ldn goi la "chinh thuyen" thue<br /> Trdn 3 thuyd^n nay cd phai vidn cua tri^u tai Quang Ngai va 2 thuyen ciia Binh Dinh.<br /> dinh va thiiy binh thudc bien binh cua kinh Hai thuydn ldn dUdc midu ta cu the nhU<br /> sau.<br /> thanh. Thdm vao dd la 3 thuyen giao cho<br /> tinh Quang Ngai thud thudc loai nhanh Thuyen thfl nha't ciia Nguyin Van Chdm<br /> nhe dUde tu bo c£n t h i n cflng cae loai vat ten la Tin, sinh nam Binh Ngp, 53 tuoi,<br /> ki^n dem theo. Mdi thuyen cd 8 thuy thu, ngudi thdn Phd' An, td'ng Nghia Ha, huydn<br /> cdng 24 ngUdi la "dan phu mien bien am ChUdng Nghia, phu Tu Nghia. Thuyen<br /> hieu thanh thuc dudng bien". Trong sd dd, mang "thuyd'n bai" so' 22, dai 2 trUdng 7<br /> c6 Dang Van Xiem ngUdi phudng An Hai thudc (10,8m), rdng 6 thudc 7 tg^c (2,68m),<br /> huyen Binh Sdn dam dUdng lai thuyen (da sSu 2 thudc 2 ta'e (0,88m). Le thue hang<br /> cdng) va danh sach thuy thii trong dd cd 3 nam la 20 quan tien.<br /> ngudi phudng An Hai, An VTnh la Pham Vi Thuyen thfl hai cua Trln VSn Dflc, ten<br /> Thanh, Trln Van Kham, Nguydn Van la An, sinh nam Canh TJ, 59 tud'i. Thuyen<br /> Manh. NhU vky doan khao sat Hoang Sa mang "thuyen bai" sd' 89, dai 2 trUdng 1 ta'c<br /> nam 1834 gom 6 thuyen, trong do cd 3 (8,04m), rdng 6 thUdc 7 ta'c (2,68), sau 2<br /> thuyen ldn cua trieu dinh chd phai vien thudc 3 ta'c (0,92). Ld thud' hang nam la 15<br /> ciing thiiy quan dieu tfl kinh thanh va 3 quan tien (Chau ban 16).<br /> thuyd'n thue cflng dan phu, thuy thii, ngudi Thanh phan cua doan gdm "dan phu",<br /> lai thuyen do tinh Quang Ngai dieu ddng phai vien cua trieu (finh.<br /> (Chdu bdn 6).<br /> Nhu vay doan khao sat Hoang Sa<br /> Nam 1837, doan khao sat gdm 4 thuyen thudng 3, 4 thuyen, nhieu nha't la 6<br /> do tinh dieu ddng: 2 thuyen cua Quang thuydn, trong dd cd thuyen ciia nha nUdc<br /> Ngai va 2 thuyen cua Binh Dinh. Thanh va thuyen thud cua dan. LUc lUdng tham<br />  Rghien curu Iiich sJr. s g 8.2014<br /> <br /> gia cd bd phan "kinh phai" gdm phai vien, cho rang dpi Hoang Sa t\t trUdc dd (tflc<br /> thiiy binh, ve Giam thanh va "tinh phai" trfldc nam viet sach 1877) da bi "bai bd"<br /> gdm thuyan thue ciia dan va dan phu. Mdi (28). Day la mdt nhan dinh cd cd sd. Theo<br /> doan sd lUdng ngfldi tham gia khdng ed tdi, tfl nam 1816 nha Nguyin da cd chu<br /> han ngach, doan nam 1837 cd con sd cu trUdng thay dd'i thanh phan trong td' chflc<br /> the la 53 ngUdi. D i n phu khdng phai la lUc Iflc lfldng khao sat Hoang Sa, la'y quan dpi<br /> lUdng lao ddng ddn gian ma thudng lam ehu lUe lam thanh p h i n ehu yd'u, tuy luc<br /> thuy thu, ngUdi lai thuyin, ngudi hfldng dd dpi Hoang Sa van cdn va ke't hdp vdi<br /> din. Theo chd^ dp nha Nguydn, hp dupc thuy q u i n . Sau dd, chfla the xae dinh vao<br /> miln tien thue', dUdc cap tien gao va khi nam nao, nhUng chac ehan sang thdi Minh<br /> trd ve phai qua erta Thuan An len kinh dd Menh thi khdng cdn tha'y dpi Hoang Sa.<br /> khai ndp cic san vat thu dUdc, trong do hp Tuy nhidn c i n nha'n manh la ddi Hoang<br /> dfldc hfldng mdt phan va dUdc quyen dem Sa du khdng cdn nfla nhUng thanh vien<br /> ban. Ngoai ra dan phu cdn dfldc hfldng che' cua ddi Hoang Sa la cU dan vung cfla bien<br /> dp thudng phat ciia nha nUdc, thfldng dfldc Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn v i n cd mat trong cac<br /> flu tien thudng tien va gao. Nam 1837, Bp doan khao sat Hoang Sa nhU nhiing dSn<br /> Hp tau tinh Quang Ngai da "phung menh phu gifl vai trd thuy thu, ngUdi lai thuyen,<br /> chi tien va gao thue dan.phu phai de'n xfl ngUdi hudng dan va truyen thdng d5i<br /> Hoang Sa lam cdng vu" (Chdu bdn 10). Hoang Sa vdn khdng ngflng dupe nudi<br /> Nam 1837, tuy doan khao sat trd ve qua dudng va phat huy.<br /> han va khdng dem ve" ban dd nen thuy sfl<br /> Dao Ly Sdn gom Dao Ldn cdn gpi la Cii<br /> Pham Van Bien bi trach phat, edn binh va<br /> lao Re va Dao Nhd cdn gpi la Cu lao Bd Bai.<br /> dan deu dUde gia an ban thudng: binh<br /> Tfl lau mdt bp phan cU dan xa An Vinh da<br /> dupc thudng thdm mdt thang lfldng tien,<br /> ra dao Ly Sdn sinh sd'ng, lap thanh 2<br /> dan phu dUde thudng tien 2 quan (Chdu<br /> phUdng An Vinh, An Hai. Nam 1993, dao<br /> bdn 11).<br /> Ly Sdn tach ra khdi huyen Binh Sdn, lap<br /> Sau hai lan dieu dpi Hoang Sa di khao thanh huyen dao Ly Sdn, gom 3 xa: An<br /> sat nam 1815, 1816, trong cac Chau ban Vinh, An Hai tren Dao Ldn va An Binh<br /> thdi Minh Menh, Thieu Tri khdng tha'y tren Dao Nhd. Cfl dan trdn dao sd'ng bing<br /> nhac dd^n dpi Hoang Sa. Ltle lupng khao nghe danh b i t ea ket hpp vdi trdng ngo,<br /> sat dupc td chflc lai gdm thuy binh va khoai, lac (thdi Nguydn phai ndp thue' dau<br /> nhan vien ve Giam thanh dieu ddng tfl lac) va gin day them nghe trdng hanh, toi<br /> kinh thanh va dan phu do tinh huy ddng. no'i tie'ng. Vung cfla bien Sa Ky va trdn dao<br /> Dan phu la nhiing ngUdi dan ven bien, am Ly Sdn cdn luu gifl nhieu da'u tich cua d6i<br /> hieu va thdng thupc dfldng bien ra Hoang Hoang Sa tfl nhflng tU lieu quy ma cac<br /> Sa, chu yeu v i n dan vung cfla bid'n Sa Ky ddng hp "hung binh Hoang Sa" nhfl ho<br /> va dao Ly Sdn, tinh Quang Ngai. Tuy Pham, hp Vu, hp Dang... cdn luu gifl den<br /> nhien nha nudc eung dieu ddng ca cae mie'u Hoang Sa hay Am linh tU, tuc le<br /> vung ven bien lan can, trong dd may lan "khao le the linh Hoang Sa", nhflng ngoi<br /> ndi den thuyen va dan phu tinh Binh "mp gid"... Dieu dd cho tha'y cfl dSn vung<br /> Dinh. Trong Viet sH thong gidm ciidng ct(a Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn cd nhi^u cdng<br /> mtic khdo liidc do Nguyin Thdng vie't vdi hien lien tuc eho boat ddng ciia ddi Hoang<br /> Ldi tUa de nam 1877, dua ra nhan dinh Sa keo dai tfl thdi ehua Nguydn, qua thcli<br /> Chau bin hieu Rguyen..<br /> <br /> Tay sdn den thdi d i u Nguyen va ca sau dd, de di va ve an toan, nhUng khdng it hiem<br /> khi dpi Hoang Sa khdng cdn nhimg hp van nguy do sfl tha't thUdng cua gid bao va<br /> tham gia v^ cd nhieu cdng hien to ldn trong thuyen nhd yd'u. Nam 1839, doan thuyen do<br /> sfl nghiep khai thac bien va bao vd chu phai vien Sua't dpi thuy binh Pham Van<br /> quyen tren Bien Ddng. Bien cam diu, "bi bao sdng lam tan mat",<br /> dau thang 7 'luc tuc ve tdi kinh dd" (30).<br /> 4. PhUdng thiifc q u a n ly va thi^c t h i<br /> Phai vien ndi nhd cd thuy t h i n cflu giup<br /> chu q u y e n nen nha vua sai Bp L l lam le ta dn d ciia<br /> Qua tu lidu Chdu bdn ket hpp vdi Dgi bien Thuan An. Qua nhieu the' he tham gia<br /> Nam thUc liic, Dgi Nam hoi dien sd le, dpi Hoang Sa va lam dan phu di khao sat<br /> phUdng thflc hoat ddng quan ly va thflc thi Hoang Sa, ngfldi dan vung ciia bien Sa K$,<br /> chu quyen ciia nha Nguyen ra't phong phii nha't la dao Ly Sdn den nay vin liiu gifl<br /> va nang cao hdn h i n so vdi thdi trUdc. trong ky flc nhflng hinh anh hiem nguy cua<br /> nhflng con ngUdi ra di khdng ma'y khi trd<br /> Thdi han di vd ve ve.<br /> Q u i n dao Hoang Sa-Trudng Sa d gifla<br /> Tfl cfla Sa Ky hay dao Ly Sdn, hau he't<br /> Biln Ddng cd nhieu gid bao nen trong dilu cac tu lieu deu chep thdi gian thuyen ra<br /> kidn ky thuat thii cdng, con ngUdi khdng dao ma't khoang 3 ngay 3 dem. Theo mdt sd'<br /> thd' sinh sd'ng thudng xuydn trdn dao. Vi td Chau ban, tfl thang 2 b i t diu edng vide.<br /> vay tfl kinh nghidm eua cfl ddn danh ca ven chuan bi, dieu quan, thue thuyen, tap<br /> bid'n, thdi chua Nguyin da sdm xae lap thdi trung ve Quang Ngai roi chd gid thuSn se<br /> gian thich hdp nha't de ra khao sat Hoang ra khdi. Thdi ban di va ve qui dinh chat che<br /> Sa la khoang thang 3 thuyen ra dao va d lai la thang 3 khdi hanh va thang 8 trd ve<br /> dd cho den thang 8 am lich, trudc mfla bao kinh. Qua thdi ban dd la bi phat. Nhflng<br /> td, trd ve, tfle trong mua hd • thu. Dd la thdi eung CO nam gio khdng thuan cung phai<br /> gian td't nha't cho hoat ddng cua con ngfldi chd va phai tau bao ve kinh. Vi du nam<br /> tren vflng hai dao nay va cung phu hdp vdi 1838, ea doan thuyen 4 chie'e da ehuin bi<br /> thdi tiet va chd' dp gid de' di va ve. Che dp va CO mat tai Quang Ngai, binh thuyen cua<br /> kinh thanh ngay 21 thang 3, thuyen va dan<br /> gid vflng ven bien va quan dao kha phfle<br /> phu ngay 3 thang 4, ngfldi hUdng din<br /> tap. Ndi chung, trong mua he, gid mua tay-<br /> Pham Van Senh ngay 9 thang 4, nhflng<br /> nam ehiem flu the' ra't thuan tien cho viec<br /> phai vien nhan tha'y "tfl ngay 10 de'n 26<br /> tfl ven bd ra dao, hUdng gid ddng, ddng-bac<br /> thang 4, gid ddng v i n thd'i, chfla tien ra<br /> va bac ehi xua't hien vdi tan sua't tha'p. Vao khdi" (31) (Chdu bdn 13). Phai vien cua<br /> mfla ddng, gid mua ddng - bic ehiem Uu doan phai bao len tinh, tinh xem xet xae<br /> thd', kd't hdp vdi hudng gid ddng, ddng-nam, nhan rdi trinh ldn Bd Cdng de tau len nha<br /> nam va tay - ble (29). Vi vliy thuyen phai vua. Nhung khdng rd vi ly do gi trong td<br /> trd vl khoang thang 8, trfldc mua gidng Chdu bdn 14 ngay sau dd, ngay 6 thang 4<br /> bao va khi gid mfla tay-nam da yeu va bat nhuan, Bd Cdng lai tau, doan thuyen da<br /> diu gid mfla ddng-bac. nhd' neo ra khdi tai cfla bien Sa Ky ngay 3<br /> thang 4. Tuy ngay thang cd gi dd chua that<br /> Nhd kinh nghiem di bien day dan eua khdp nhung hai td Chau ban cho tha'y viec<br /> dfin chai ven bien Quang Ngai nen cac ra khdi qua ban la bi kiem tra, xem xet rat<br /> doan thuyin da vUpt qua sdng gid bien khdi<br />  I^hien ciju XJeh sJr. so 8.2014<br /> <br /> nghiem ngat. Cdn trd vd qua han thi trudng dia va theo nhflng nguyen tae hpa dd<br /> hdp doan thuyin do Cai dpi Pham Van phUdng Tay. Nhan vidn ve Giam thanh da<br /> Nguyen chi huy nam 1835 trd ve qua ban, n i m dUdc nhflng ky t h u a t mdi nay va dfldc<br /> da bi Bd Cdng va Bd Hinh tra hdi, tri tdi va nha Nguyin giao ve cac ban ve xay dUng<br /> da bi each chflc, b i t gdng. Sau nha vua xet cae kien true, thanh luy trong nUdc va dieu<br /> thay Pham Van Nguyen tuy ve qua han mpt sd' di khao sat, do dae, ve ban dd vung<br /> nhung khdng phai vi tU ldi ndn gia an, tha Hoang Sa.<br /> danh ddn 80 trUdng va phuc lai ehflc cu Ydu cau do dac ve ban do tfl nam 1836<br /> (Chdu bdn 7, 8). dUdc Bp Cdng t a u len nha vua qui dinh rat<br /> Khdo sdt, do dqc, ghi nhgt ky, ve bdn cu the: "Khdng cfl la dao nao, hdn nao, bai<br /> do cat nao, khi thuyen di den, cung xet xem<br /> xfl a'y chieu dai, ehieu ngang, ehieu cao,<br /> Viee do dac da dUdc thflc hidn tfl thdi<br /> ehieu rdng, ehu vi va nUde bien bon ben<br /> chua Nguydn va d I u thdi Nguyen. Nhflng<br /> xung quanh ndng hay sau, cd bai nglm, da<br /> den thdi Minh Menh cong vide nay dfldc coi<br /> ngam hay khdng, tinh hinh hiem trd, binh<br /> la nhiem vu trpng yd'u, dfldc to' chflc ehat<br /> di the nao, phai tUdng tat do dac, ve thanh<br /> che va dat nhilu tidn bd. Do dac bao gdm do<br /> ban do. Lai xet ngay khdi hanh, tfl cfla<br /> dp ndng sau cua dUdng bien va do do dai<br /> bien nao ra khdi, n h i m phUdng hudng nao<br /> ngin, rpng hep eua eac dao, bai cat de' ve<br /> di den xfl a'y, can cfl vao t h u y i n di, tinh<br /> thanh ban dd. Cong vide nay vao dau the ky<br /> fldc dfldc bao nhieu dam. Lai tfl xfl a'y<br /> XIX, nha Nguyin tie'p thu dfldc mdt sd' ky<br /> trdng vao bd be'n, do'i thang vao tinh hat<br /> thuat phUdng Tay va tid'n bd hdn trude.<br /> nao, phUdng hfldng nao, dd'i chenh chech<br /> Trong thdi gian xay dUng lue lupng d Gia<br /> la tinh hat nao, phUdng hudng nao, each<br /> Dinh tfl cudi thd' ky XIX, Nguyin Anh da<br /> bd bien chflng bao nhieu dam. Nha't nha't<br /> thu nap dfldc mdt so si quan Phap, trong do<br /> ndi ro, dem ve, dang trinh" (32). Nhu vay<br /> cd SI quan hai quan, cdng binh. Hp giup<br /> la phai do dae chu vi, kich thflde cae chilu,<br /> Nguyin Anh ky thuat xay thanh kieu<br /> dp ndng sau tflng hdn dao, bai cat, khao<br /> Vauban, do dac thiiy trinh. Thanh Gia<br /> sat ca bai da ngam, tinh trang hiem trd va<br /> Dinh xay dflng nam 1790 gpi la thanh Bat<br /> thuy trinh tfl c^a bien trong bd ra cac dao<br /> Quai la tda thanh xay theo kieu Vauban<br /> a'y, fldc tinh sd' dam. Ta't ea eac kd't qua do<br /> diu tidn, sau dd dfldc md rdng eho thanh<br /> dac va hoat ddng eua doan phai ghi thanh<br /> Ha Ndi va nhieu tinh thanh khac. Ky thuat<br /> Nhat ky. Han che' ldn nha't cua do dac va<br /> do dac thuy trinh eung dfldc van dung<br /> ve ban do thdi Nguyin so vdi phUdng Tay<br /> trong viec do dac cac cfla bien gpi la ciia<br /> la ehUa bie't tinh kinh tuye'n, vi tuyen va<br /> ta'n. Ridng ve hpa do thi nay con luu gifl<br /> xae dinh tpa dp.<br /> dfldc hai ban dd dau tien do ngfldi Viet<br /> Nam ve theo ky thuat phUdng Tay; ban do Qua cae lan khao sat, nhan vidn ve<br /> Hodi Diic phu todn do do Le Dflc Loc, Giam thanh do dac, ve mdt sd ban d6<br /> Nguyin Cdng Tie'n ve nam Minh Menh thfl Hoang Sa. Vi du lan khao sat nam 1838 cd<br /> 12 (1831) va ban dd Ha Ndi nam Tfl Dflc phai vien eua Bd Cdng la Vidn ngoai lang<br /> thfl 26 (1873) do Pham Van Bach ve va Sd Dd Mau Thudng va Thi ve Le Trpng Ba.<br /> Dia cha't Ddng Dfldng in nam 1916. Day la<br /> Khi trd vl, cac phai vidn dd bao eho Bo<br /> nhflng ban dd ve tren cd sd do dac tai thUe<br /> Cdng tau len: "Lan ndy da de'n dudc 25 dao<br /> Chau ban trieu Rguyto...<br /> <br /> ciia ba sd, trong dd hang nam da l l n lUdt Van Tien, Nguyen Van Hokng vi ve ban dd<br /> d^n la 12 dao, chUa tflng den la 13 dao. khdng dUde rd rang, hi phat 80 trUdng,<br /> Theo ngudi hudng d i n Vu Van Hung thi nhUng chuan cho tha {Chdn bdn 7). Lan<br /> toan bd xfl Hoang Sa cd 4 sd, l l n nay den khao sat nam 1837, nhan vien Giam thanh<br /> dfldc 3 sd, cdn 1 sd 5 phia nam cac sd tren, TrUdng Viet Soai khao sat dUde 11 dao va<br /> khoang each kha xa, lai vi gid Nam thoi bai eat nhung ve ban do khdng ehu dao,<br /> manh, viec den dd khong thuan tien, chd cung bi phat cho ve lam Hnh ve Giam<br /> gid thuan thi mudn, ddi den nam sau lai thanh {Chdu bdn 12).<br /> den dd. Lai xem 4 ban dd dem vl, 3 bflc ve Ngoai ban dd do nhan vien ve Giam<br /> rieng, 1 bflc ve chung, dd'i chid^u thi chUa thanh dac hpa, trieu Nguyen eung cd ban<br /> that minh baeh, eflng mdt ban Nhat ky dd Hoang Sa do phUdng Tay ve. Vi nhu<br /> ciing chua dUdc hoan thien, xin cho Bd nam 1817 thuyen Ma Cao vao cfla bien Da<br /> t h i n hdi rd rang va sai ve lai eho hoan Ning, dem ban do Hoang Sa dang tnnh va<br /> thien de tie'n trinh" (Chdu bdn 15). Qua td dUdc thudng 20 lang bae (34). Ban dd Dgi<br /> Chau ban nay, cd t h i tha'y sau nhieu l l n Nam nhdt thong todn do ve thdi Minh<br /> khao sat, nha Nguyin da di de'n mdt nhan Menh, cd the nam 1838, the hien dfldng bd<br /> thflc bao q u i t v l hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa- biln va hinh hai da't nfldc kha dung va tren<br /> Trfldng Sa. Trong quan nidm Ifle dd, ca dd cd hai quin dao Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa ve<br /> vflng hai q u i n dao nay goi chung Id "todn thdnh mdt dai dao ghi la Hoang Sa, Van If<br /> xd Hodng Sa " (M. '/S> ± W va phdn biet Trfldng Sa. Da'y la nhan thflc td'ng hdp vl<br /> ldm 4 sd (E9 W, ba sd d phia Ble chac la hai quan dao Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa cua<br /> quin dao Hoang Sa ngay nay v l mdt sd nUdc Dai Nam thdi Nguyin. Ra't tie'c la cae<br /> cich kha xa ve phia Nam, chic la quin ban dd vl Hoang Sa, TrUdng Sa thdi<br /> dao Trfldng Sa ngay nay. Cac dao phia Ble Nguyin da bi m&'t va cho den nay chUa tim<br /> trfldc day da di'n dUde 12 dao va l l n nay tha'y da'u ve't, ke ca trong kho Chau ban<br /> khao sat thdm dUdc 13 dao, cdng 25 dao. trilu Nguyen.<br /> Cdng vide khao sat dUdc ghi chdp thanh<br /> Nhat k j va l l n khao sat nam 1838 da ve cdm moc gidi, dung bia mieu<br /> dUdc 4 ban dd, trong dd ed 1 ban ehung va Viee elm mdc gidi con dUdc phan anh<br /> 3 ban dd rieng, chic la ehung cua 3 sd va trong Dgi Nam thde luc chinh bien va tren<br /> rieng tflng sd. Day la dpt khao sat thanh td Chau ban sd' 9. Td Chau ban nay chUa<br /> cdng nen sau khi Bd Cdng dem ban dd tie'n tim tha'y trong kho Chau ban cua Trung<br /> trinh ldn nha vua da dUde vua Minh Menh tam LUu trfl Qudc gia I, ma dUdc chup tfl<br /> khen thudng. Nha vua khen: "trai qua Microfilm eua Dai hpc Hawai va Dai hpe<br /> nhieu ndi, xem do tUdng ta't so vdi phai Havard cua My. Ban chup den t r i n g ed<br /> vien mpi l l n thi cd hdn" va thudng eho mpt so ehfl va doan bi md, khdng dpe dfldc<br /> phii vien Dd Mau Thudng cung nhflng nhUng ed the ddi chieu vdi ghi chep cua<br /> ngfldi tham gia ao va tiln (33). Dai Nam thde luc chinh bien de bo sung.<br /> Td Chau ban cho bie't dpi khao sat Hdang<br /> Sa nam 1836 do Chanh dpi trUdng thiiy<br /> Ta't nhien cung cd trUdng hdp khao sat,<br /> quan Pham HQu Nhat elm diu. Binh<br /> do dae va ve ban do khdng dat yeu elu, hi<br /> thuyen tfl cfla Thuan An de'n tinh Quang<br /> phat. Vi d\i l l n khao sat niim 1835, nhan<br /> Ngai. Bd Cdng tie'p nhan dfldc cdng van<br /> vidn v$ Giam thanh T r l n Van Tan, Nguyin<br /> 10 Rghien cCtu Ljeh ai3r. so 8.2014<br /> <br /> Ndi cac giao cho Bd nay ehuan bi mdi 4 ehfl "Van Ly Ba Binh" (mudn dam song<br /> t h u y i n 10 coc gd gpi la mdc bai, chuyen yen). Bd ba phia ddng, tay, nam deu cd da<br /> ga'p den Quang Ngai giao eho doan khao san hd thoai thoai, phia bac "giap vdi mgt<br /> sat. Trdn Chau ban cd hai doan Chau phe: con cat toan da san hd, sflng sflng no'i len,<br /> mdt doan chfl nhd ben phai chfl mdc bai chu vi 340 trUdng (1.360m), cao 1 trfldng 3<br /> ghi kich thudc, dp dai, rdng, day ciia mdc thude (5,2m), ngang vdi edn eat, gpi la Ban<br /> bai bi md khdng dpe rd va mpt doan ghi: Than thach". Chinh tai day, nam trudc<br /> "Thuyin de'n xfl nao tflc thi dflng cpc gd vua Minh Menh dinh "dflng mie'u, lap bia"<br /> lam mde S fcJ ^i) H ffl H ^ ^ -1^ ^ : mp nhflng vi sdng gid to chua lam dUdc va<br /> thuyen dao ha xfl tflc thu mdc vi chi) nam nay "mdi sai Cai dpi thiiy quan Pham<br /> (Chdu bdn 9). V l kich thflde moc bai, Dg.i Van Nguyen dem linh thd Giam thanh<br /> Nam tht/c luc chinh bien chep ro: Mdi cpc cung phu t h u y i n hai tinh Quang Ngai,<br /> gd dai 5 thudc (2m), rdng 5 ta'e (0,20m), day Binh Dinh, chuyen chd vat lieu de'n dflng<br /> 1 ta'c (0,04m). Tren cpc g5 khac sau ddng mid'u, each tda mid'u cd 7 trfldng (28ra).<br /> chfl to: "Minh Mdnh thfl 17, nam Binh Ben ta mid'u dUng bia da, phia trudc milu<br /> Than, Cai dpi thuy quan ten hp la gi, xay binh phong. MUdi ngay lam xong rdi<br /> phung menh de'n Hoang Sa do dae, de'n day ve~" (37). Khdm dinh Dgi Nam hgi dien sii<br /> lflu da'u. Hay tuan lenh" (0.^ ^ + ir ^ M $ le eho bie't them bia da cao 1 thflde 5 ta'c<br /> (0,60m), mat rpng 1 thudc 2 ta'c (0,48m)<br /> ^ lit: Minh Menh thap tha't nien, Binh (38). Nhu vay la tda mie'u xay nam Minh<br /> Than, thuy q u i n cai dpi tinh danh phung Menh 16 (1835) xky each tda mie'u cd' 7<br /> menh van Hoang Sa tUdng dp, ehi thii luu trfldng tflc 28m. Mieu va bia cung ed gia<br /> ehi. Kham thii) (Chdu bdn 9) (35). Da'y la tri nhu mdt thfl md'c chu quyin.<br /> each cam moc gidi bieu thi chii quyen qud'c<br /> Thu lugm sdn vgt, cda cdi<br /> gia vdi nam thang chinh thflc cua vUdng<br /> trilu, hp ten quan chflc nha nUdc va cum Viing Hoang Sa ed nhilu san vat nhfl<br /> tfl kd't thuc mang tinh quyin luc cua chim, ca, san hd, d'c, doi mdi, hai sam... mk<br /> Hoang de "Kham thfl (Hay tuan lenh)". Le Quy Ddn va eac sach dia chi da midu ta<br /> Nha Nguyen cdn chu trUdng trdng cay, tfl the ky XIII-XIX. Hai q u i n dao nay lai la<br /> lap mie'u va dUng bia tren Hoang Sa. Nam vung hiem yeu, cd nhieu bai cat, da ngam<br /> 1833, khi nghe Bd Cdng tau "mot giai gay tai nan cho tau thuyen qua lai. Mot s6'<br /> Hoang Sa trdi nfldc mdt mau, khdng phan tau thuyen qua day bi tai nan, de lai mpt so<br /> biet dUdc ndng hay sau", "thuyen budn vu khi, cua eai cae loai. Tfl lieu cua thfldng<br /> thfldng bi hai" nen sai chuin bi sang nam nhan phUdng tay, eiia Cdng ty Ddng An Hi<br /> phai ngUdi den "trdng n h i l u eay", de "sau Lan, Cdng ty Ddng An Phap da ghi lai<br /> cay co'i to ldn, xanh td't, ngfldi d l phan nhilu tai nan tren quan dao Hoang Sa,<br /> biet, ngd hau tranh dUde nan mac can. Dd Trudng Sa. \ ^ vay tfl thdi chua Nguyin, doi<br /> cung la viec ldi mudn ddi" (36). Nam 1835, Hoang Sa da thu lUdm dUdc mdt so'hda vki<br /> lai cho lap mie'u va dflng bia tren Hoang ma Le Quy Ddn qua so saeh eua mdt Cai<br /> Sa. Tai day cd mdt edn cat t r i n g , dupc dpi dpi Hoang Sa la Thuyen Dflc hlu, da<br /> mieu ta cay cd'i xanh um, ehu vi 1.070 ghi lai mpt sd hda vat thu dupc nhfl, nam<br /> trflpng, ten cu la nui Phat Tfl, phia tay Nham Ngp (1702): 30 hot (thoi) bac, nSm<br /> nam trfldc day ed mie'u co vdi ta'm bia k h i c Giap Than (1704): 5.100 can thiec, nam At<br /> Chau bin M&u Rguyln...<br /> <br /> Dau (1705): 126 hot bac, tii nkm Ky Sflu N i n g da "lap tflc cho thuyen t u i n tilu d<br /> (1709) den Quy Ty (1713): moi nam chi thu cfla tan mang nude ngpt ra bien tim kie'm"<br /> dfldc mdt it doi mdi, hai sam, cung cd nam (Chdu bdn 1, 2). Sau dd, Thii ngu cua bien<br /> thu dupe khdi thiec, bat sfl, 2 k h i u sung Da Nang lai tau: "Than lap tflc dilu ddng<br /> ddng (39). Cdng viee khai thac dd dfldc tie'p va sfle cho thuyin tuan tilu d cfla ta'n mang<br /> tuc thdi Nguyin. Theo Chdu bdn 15, doan nude ngpt ra bidn tim kiem bpn phai vien,<br /> khao sat nam 1838 thu dUdc 1 dai bae bang bao ve, dua hp ve cfla ta'n" (Chdu bdn 3, 4).<br /> ddng, cac loai da san hd do, cac loai chim va Ke't qua thuyen t u i n tieu da gap va dfla<br /> rua bien. Rd rang ngudn thu nay khdng ldn thuyin eiia ehu thuyin cung phai vidn va<br /> va tha't thudng ndn khdng phai la muc tidu 15 thuy thu v l cfla ta'n, ngUdi va eua eai<br /> chu ylu eua eae doan khao sat Hoang Sa. deu an toan.<br /> Khi vl trinh bao tai kinh thanh, nha nfldc Mdt trUdng hdp cflu hd thfl hai dUdc<br /> chi gifl lai sung dai hac, ciia cai quy, cdn cac chep lai trong Dgi Nam thde luc, chua tim<br /> san vat khac thfldng tra lai cho dan phu. tha'y ChSu ban. Nam 1836, mpt thuyen<br /> Citu hg thuyen buon nudc ngodi budn cua Anh Cat Ldi di qua Hoang Sa bi<br /> Hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa vdi mic can va vd dim, hdn 90 ngUdi bam vao<br /> nhflng dao vk bai cat, bai da n g l m thUdng van thuyin trdi dat vao bd bien Binh Dinh.<br /> gay tai nan cho nhflng tau thuyen qua Vua Minh Menh nghe tin, giao cho tinh<br /> day. Dilu dd da dUdc ghi nhan qua nhilu than lo eho ndi tru ngu, ca'p tien gao, lai<br /> tu Hdu tfl thdi chua Nguydn v l tfl lieu cua phai Thi vd thong ngdn den tham hdi, ban<br /> nfldc ngoai. Chau ban ghi lai mot sd cho thuyen trUdng, d i u muc mdi ngUdi 1 ao<br /> trfldng hdp tau nUdc ngoai bi nan tai doan vu hang mau, 1 quin vai tay, 1 ehan<br /> Hoang Sa da dUde chinh quyen nha vai, ngUdi tfly tung mdi ngfldi 1 bp quin ao<br /> Nguyin td' chflc cflu hd. vai mlu, rdi sai phai vien da tflng sang Tay<br /> phfldng la Nguyin Tri PhUdng, Vu Van<br /> Cd 4 Chau ban ngay 27 thang 6 nam Giai dem hp den Ha Chau (41) cho ve nude.<br /> Minh Mdnh thfl 11 (1830) (40) ghi lai va Su eflu giup dd lam cho hp rl^t cam kich<br /> mieu ta kha cu the mpt tau buon eua Phap (42).<br /> bi nan d Hoang Sa. Theo ldi tau ctia Thu<br /> ngi; ctia bien Da N i n g tdn la Nguyin Van III. May n h a n xet td'ng htfp<br /> NgU thi day la mdt thuyin budn ciia chii Tfl the' ky XVII, hai q u i n dao Hoang<br /> tau Phap ten la Dd-d-chi-ly, tai pho la Y- Sa, TrUdng Sa da la mdt bd phan ciia lanh<br /> dda, chd mdt phai vien cua trilu dinh la Le thd Viet Nam va chinh quyen cac chua<br /> Quang Qu^nh, di sang Lfl Td'ng tfle Luzon Nguyin rdi Tay Sdn da thUc sU nam quyen<br /> cua Philippines budn ban. Ngay 20 thuyin quan ly va thue thi chu quyen. Sang thdi<br /> rdi bd'n thi ngay 27 tha'y tai phd Y-doa va Nguyin, eac boat ddng quan ly va thflc thi<br /> 11 thuy thii trd vl tren mot thuyin nhe, ehu quyin dd'i vdi hai quin dao nay dUdc<br /> cho biet ngay 21 thuyin qua phia tay td ehflc diu dan va nang len mdt t n n h do<br /> Hoang Sa bi mic can. nUde ngdp hdn 8 mdi. Qua nghien cflu 18 td Chau ban ket<br /> thudc (3,2m), cdn chii thuyen va phai vien hdp vdi nhflng tu lieu lich sfl dUdng thdi,<br /> dem 2 hdm bac eung 15 thuy thu len mdt cd the rut ra ma'y nhan xet mang tinh ke't<br /> thuyin khac di sau. Dudc tin, Thu ngU Da luan sau:<br />  Rghien cihi Ljch sJr. sg 8.2014<br /> <br /> 1. Do nhan thflc sau sic ve vi the quan ghi chep Nhat ky; e l m cdt mdc ehii quyen;<br /> trpng cua hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa, Trfldng trdng eay; xay mieu, dflng bia, thu Ifldm cac<br /> Sa luc dd gpi chung la xfl Hoang Sa, la san vat va cae thfl vu khi, eua cai do cac<br /> "eUdng gidi trdn bien", "cfldng gidi trdn bien tau thuyen bi d i m de lai.<br /> nude ta, xfl Hoang Sa la toi hiem yeu" ndn 5. Che' dp dieu quan dpi va thue dan<br /> nha Nguyin nang edng vide quan ly va thUc phu, thuyen cua dan eiing nhU thudng<br /> thi ehii quyen ddi vdi hai quan dao nay len phat sau mdi ehuyen khao sat dUde qui<br /> tam qud'c gia, dat dUdi sfl td' chflc va dilu dinh rd rang, vfla nghidm k h i c de cao<br /> hanh ciia trilu dinh do nha vua trflc tie'p nhiem vu cdng sai, vfla Uu ai dd'i vdi binh<br /> chi dao va phe duyet. Dd la mdt n h i n thflc linh, dan phu va nhflng ngUdi dat hidu<br /> sau sic va thai dd trach nhiem cao cua nha qua eao.<br /> Nguydn ddi vdi chu quyen tren hai q u i n<br /> 6. Nhflng npi dung quan ly va thUc thi<br /> dao Hoang Sa, Trfldng Sa.<br /> chii quyin n h u tren khdng chi phan anh<br /> 2. Lflc lfldng khao sat va thuc thi chu tren Chau ban ma ca trong nhilu loai tu<br /> quyen chuyin tfl dpi Hoang Sa mang tinh lieu khae, trong do ed cac bd chinh sfl, hpi<br /> dan binh sang quan dpi thfldng true eua dien, dia chi eua vfldng t r i l u va nhflng<br /> nha nUdc lay thuy binh va vd Giam thanh ban dd cd', nhflng bp sii cua tfl nhan. Ta't<br /> do trilu dinh dilu ddng lam ehu luc, ke't ca tao nen mot he thdng chflng cfl vflng<br /> hdp vdi che dp thue thuyen va dan phu lam chac v l chu quyen ciia Viet Nam ddi vdi<br /> nghe danh ca ven bien vung Quang Ngai va hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa, Trfldng Sa thcli<br /> tinh lan can. Cfla bidn Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn Nguyin. Trong hd thd'ng tu lieu dd, toi<br /> la ndi tap kd't lflc lUdng va xua't phat ciia dac bidt nha'n manh gia tri va vai trd ciia<br /> cac cudc khao sat Hoang Sa, cung la ndi Ch^u ban. Day la loai van thU mang tinh<br /> tuyen chpn dan phu lam thuy thu, lai qud'c gia cd da'u "Ngfl phd", "NgU lam"<br /> thuyen, ngUdi hudng din. m l u dd -cua hoang de' nha Nguyin cung<br /> cac loai da'u a'n eiia hoang de' va cac cd<br /> 3. Cac dpi thuyin ra quan ly va khao sat<br /> quan cua t r i l u dinh, ciia chinh quyin cac<br /> Hoang Sa thudng khoang tfl ba thuyen de'n<br /> ca'p. Ban t h a n Chau ban la nhflng van<br /> sau thuyin gdm binh thuyen cua thuy quan<br /> ban mang tinh phap ly cao nhd't cua qudc<br /> va thuyen thue eua dan, dan phu, khdi<br /> gia theo che' dp quan chu tap quyen. Vi<br /> hanh tfl thang 3, trd ve khoang thang 8 am<br /> vay nhiing td Chdu bdn trieu Nguyen<br /> lich, trUde mua mfla bao va di ve thuan gio.<br /> mang ngi dung ve cdc hogt dgng qudn ly<br /> Cac Bd Binh, Bd Cdng, Bp Hd va Npi cac<br /> vd thuc thi chu quyin cua Viit Nam doi<br /> cua trieu dinh cflng tinh Quang Ngai va lan vdi hai qudn ddo Hodng Sa, Tri/dng Sa Id<br /> can lo ehuan bi chu dao cae dpt khao sat va nhUrig chUng cU mang gid tri kep, uii'o<br /> phai tau len nha vua phe duyet. lich sit, vita phdp ly, nhiing chitng ct? co<br /> 4. Npi dung quan ly va thfle thi ehu site thuyet phtic cao vd khong the tranh<br /> quyen bao gdm cae hoat ddng: do dac thuy cdi.<br /> trinh; do dac va ve ban dd cac dao, bai cat;<br /> Chau pan tneu ttgiiyen...<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> its'<br /> « ^ * - *5-<br /> •\<br /> <br /> <br /> 2<br /> A, *.<br /> % 4^<br /> rtr<br /> p >-<br /> H<br /> •1.<br /> ft<br /> /i a.<br /> <br /> t<br /> I'ji-<br /> <br /> <br /> fc<br /> -i!r )4)<br /> <br /> Chau ban 10 (1 va 4/4 tb)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> i^vfiy * ^<br /> .^ -K ^ ^<br /> fi-<br /> *- -w 4>-<br /> ,. - as -y<br /> <br /> ;SL >fr « -^ 1*-<br /> 5**<br /> <br /> <br /> •J -g' *-<br /> t< -if<br /> 'S<br /> ">* 3 ^:<br /> •f.<br /> •%<br /> * 1?^<br /> A<br /> A<br /> .«<br /> i*. • « .<br /> <br /> <br /> t****<br /> »'-t<br /> ;f^ •*<br /> yi- •S:.<br /> .* * -p<br /> Hf<br /> M .A. t K<br /> <br /> 1- tf<br /> • ' IC<br /> *><br /> 41<br /> <br /> t % * ^<br /> Chau ban 11 (2 td)<br />  ftgluia elhi Mch s&. so 8.2014<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1 -T<br /> ?t-^ jr d. iif *j 4.r-<br /> 'M «t 1<br /> ai<br /> •S tt. ifL<br /> *-<br /> s<br /> « JP<br /> *?= a t . yK. j^<br /> i-y<br /> <br /> • ^ *<br /> -t- A •i,<br /> «<br /> »T<br /> r<br /> y. JS.<br /> p. ^.'.^ »A<br /> «t<br /> -) ,- :*-<br /> -.K .ft.<br /> -? 37 *<br /> -* A.<br /> f.<br /> K<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 'iC<br /> P.'t.<br /> .ii~ A<br /> .^' '?<br /> * 7>J ^<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Chau ban 12 (2 tft)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4^<br /> :'k ":•<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> + -5-<br /> .^>^- -•''^<br /> <br /> <br /> ; 11 =^ ^ «1<br /> <br /> Chau ban 18 (2 tor)<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (19). DNTL, sdd, T. 1, tr. 222; Le Quy Don, PhU (25). DNNTC, sdd, T.l, tr. 422-423. Quang<br /> bien tgp luc, sdd, T. 1, t r . l l 9 . Ngai CO 5 ciia bien la: cila Sa Ky la ciia song Sa<br /> (20). Le Quy Don, Phu bien tgp luc, sdd, T. 1, Ky, huyen Binh Sdn; ciia Thai Can la cfia song<br /> tr. 119-120. Tra Bong d^ ra Vung Quyt hay Dung Quat,<br /> <br /> (21). KDDNHDSL, sdd, T.9. tr. 17, 201; huyen Binh Sdn; ciia Dai {hay Co Luy hay D^i Co<br /> <br /> DNTL, sdd, T. 2, tr. 923. Luy) la ciia song Tra Khiic va song Ve, huyen Tu<br /> <br /> (22). KDDNHDSL, sdd, T.9, tr. 205-207. Nghia; ciia My A la ciia s6ng Tra Cau, huySn Mo<br /> Dflc nay la huyen Dflc Ph6' va cfla Sa Huynh la<br /> (23). Cau van n h u sau; 'Thi ve Kham thien<br /> ciia dam Nudc Man, huyen Dflc Pho.<br /> Giam thanh c^p thiiy su binh thuyen" {Chdu bdn<br /> 13). Co t h i hieu va cham cau nhu sau: "Thi ve, (26). DNTL, sdd, T.l, tr. 922.<br /> Kham thien, Giam t h a n h cap thiiy sU binh<br /> (27). Cau van nhU sau: ^ S t f e S S : K a * S S *<br /> thuyen" nghia la: Thi ve [ciia Bo Cong], Kham<br /> sa : Thi ve Kham thien Giam thanh cSp thiiy sU<br /> thien [giam], [ve] Giam thanh va binh thuyen thuy<br /> binh thuyen..." (Chau ban 13). Co the hieu la: "Thi<br /> quan.<br /> ve, Kham thien, Giam t h a n h cSp thiiy sU binh<br /> (24). Ddn vi do chieu dai thdi Nguyin la thUdc<br /> thuyen" nghia la: Thi ve, [Bo Cong], Kham thifin<br /> luc dau dat thu6c rieng, tU nam Gia Long thif 9<br /> [giam], (ve] Giam t h a n h va binh t h u y i n thiiy<br /> (1810) trcl lai thu6c thdi Le, 1 thudc = 0,40m. 1<br /> quan.<br /> trUcfng = 10 thudc = 4m.<br /> Chau bim fri^ Rguyen... 17<br /> <br /> <br /> (28). Nguyen Thong, Viit sd thong gidm ciMng (36). DNTL, Sdd, T.3, tr. 743.<br /> muc khdo lupc, Nxb. Van h6a-Th6ng tin, Ha Noi, (37). DNTHL, Sdd, T. 4, tr. 673; xem them<br /> 2009, tr. 138. KDDNHDSL, Q.154-4b.<br /> (29). Uy ban Nhan dan huyen dao Hoang Sa, (38). KDDNHDSL. Q.207-26a.<br /> Ky yi'u Hodng Sa, Nxb. Thong tin va Truyen (39). Le Quy Don, Phd bien tap luc, Sdd. T.l,<br /> th6ng. Ha Noi, 2014, tr. 21-22.<br /> tr. 120.<br /> (30). DNTL. sdd, T. 5. tr. 532.<br /> (40). Trong 4 van ban ghi cflng ngay 27 thang 6<br /> (31). Chau ban 13 bi mlit mot chfl vk thieu net<br /> nam Minh Menh thfl 11 (1830):<br /> motchfl: ... S E3 ^ S) + a ^ — + y^ 3 M<br /> Ban 1 la n g u y e n ban co dii dau va chfl<br /> [a?l[7I ® M ^ Hk # : . . . tfl tfl nguyet sd<br /> Chau phe "Lam" (Da xem) va da'u "Ngfl t i l n<br /> thap nh§t chi nhi t h a p luc nhSt, ddng [phong?] [<br /> chi bao"<br /> ? ] phat, vi tien phong dfldng. Tam dich nhfl<br /> tren. Ban 2 la ban do Npi cac sU vu Thi lang la Ha<br /> Tong Quyen va Trfldng Dang Qu§' phung sao tfl<br /> (32). DNTHL, Sdd, T. 4, tr. 867. Noi dung<br /> ban 1 gfli cho thuyen buon, chfl Chau phe "Lam"<br /> tUdng tu cung dUdc chep trong KDDNHDSL.<br /> ch6p lai bang mflc den.<br /> Q.221-26b.<br /> Ban 3 la nguyen ban cung co du da'u va chfl<br /> (33). DNTHL, Sdd, T. 5, tr. 355; xem them<br /> KDDNHDSL, Q.194-7, 8a. Chau phe "Lam" (Da xem) va da'u "Ngfl tien chi<br /> bao".<br /> (34). DNTHL, Sdd. T.l. tr 950.<br /> (35). c a u nay trong DNTL (T.4, tr. 867) chep Ban 4 la ban sao tfl ban 3 gfli cho thuyin buon<br /> nhfl sau: "Minh Menh thfl 17. n5m Bfnh Than, nhfl trfldng hdp ban 2.<br /> Chanh dpi trUdng sua't doi thuy quan Pham Hflu (41). Ha Chau la Mien Dudi, the ky XIX chi<br /> Nhat, vang m?nh di Hoang Sa trong nom do dac, vflng Nam Dudng quan dao tflc viing Dong Nam A<br /> d^n day lflu lai nhflng chfl nay" (BJ ^ + "t ^ hai dao ngay nay. ndi co t h i la Tan Gia Ba tflc<br /> ^ $ 7 K ¥ i E m. & 'V: m t& '^ B m<br /> Singapore hay Giang Lflu Ba tflc Batavia, nay la<br /> Jakarta, Indonesia.<br /> Minh Menh th^p t h a t nien, Binh Than, Chanh doi<br /> trudng sua't doi thiiy quan Pham Hflu Nhat vang (42). DNTL, sdd, T.4, tr. 1058. Xem<br /> Hoang Sa tUdng d6, chi thfl lUu chi dang tU) KDDNHDSL. Q. 176-la. lb.<br />