CHE PHAM SINH HOC XLf LY CHAT THAI H0U COf<br />
LAM PHAN BON TRONG SAN XUAT NONG NGHIEP<br />
Ks. NGUYEN THI THANH TAM<br />
Trung tdm L/DTB KHCN Hd Tinh<br />
hffng nam gan day, cdng nghe sinh hpc<br />
<br />
N (CNSH) la mdt trong nhffng nganh<br />
cdng nghiep phat tridn nhanh nha't tren<br />
the' gidi, da tao ddng Iffc day nhanh td'c dp<br />
tang trffdng kinh te', nha't la trong linh vffc<br />
ndng nghiep - ndng thdn. CNSH md rdng eac<br />
ffng dung, sff hieu bie't sau rdng ve cay trdng,<br />
vat nudi, vi sinh vat, Iam tang them tinh hitu<br />
dung va hieu qua cho nen san xua't, mdt trong<br />
nhffng thanh tffu ndi bat dd la viee ffng dung<br />
eac che' pham sinh hpc. Hien nay ehe' pham<br />
sinh hpc dang dffdc coi la cdng cu hitu hieu tao<br />
nen tang vffng chac cho cac boat ddng san xua't<br />
ndng nghiep tren the gidi. IJng dung cac che'<br />
pham sinh hpc xff ly chat thai hffu cd, phe' phu Tap hudn cho cdc ho ddn sii dung che phdm<br />
HATI-MIC ii phdn bon cho cdy trong tai xd Thach<br />
pham ndng nghiep lam phan bdn phuc vu cho<br />
Ddi, huyen Thach Hd. j , m«<br />
cay trdng dang la hffdng di dung dan de phat<br />
•^' • Anh: T.B<br />
hien mdt nen ndng nghiep sinh thai ben vffng.<br />
dem lai sff mau md cho da't dai de cay xanh sinh<br />
Trong san xua't ndng nghiep dae biet trong trffdng. Mdt cau hdi ldn dat ra eho chiing ta la<br />
linh vffc trdng trpt thi phan bdn la cd sd cua lam the' nao vffa song song vdi phat tridn san<br />
viec nang cao nang sua't, chat Iffdng cay trdng, xua't ndng nghiep, tang nang sua't cay trdng,<br />
gdp phan cai thien dp phi nhieu cua da't. Sff vffa dam bao can bang sinh thai... Nham tim ra<br />
dung phan bdn phd hdp la nguyen nhan quan dffdc giai phap hitu ich va tan dung dffdc cac<br />
trpng de ndng dan lam giau. Viec sff dung phe' thai, phu pham ndng nghiep de tai dau tff<br />
phan bdn da dffdc ap dung hieu qua tren 100 trd lai cho cay trdng. Hien nay, nhieu nffdc tien<br />
nam nay, dffa tren sff hidu bie't vd khoa hpc tie'n da xem viee ffng dung cdng nghe vi sinh la<br />
dinh dffdng thffc vat, da gdp phan to ldn vao chia khoa then chdt de giai quye't van de nay.<br />
viec tang san Iffdng va cha't Iffdng ndng san. O Viet Nam, hien nay sff phat trien cua<br />
The' ky 20, ke tff khi con ngffdi phat minh ra san xuat ndng nghiep dang di vao mffc dp<br />
cdng nghe tao gid'ng va cae qui trinh san xua't tham eanh cao vdi viec sff dung ngay cang<br />
phan bdn hoa hpc NPK va thud'c trff sau hoa nhieu phan bdn hda hpc, thud'c bao ve thffc<br />
chat thi eon ngffdi tff tin rang da nam dffdc<br />
vat va hang loat cae bien phap nhff trdng lua<br />
trong tay chia khoa giai quye't ve Iffdng thffc,<br />
3 vu, pha rffng eanh tac ea phe, hd tieu, dieu...<br />
thffc pham ben vffng eho nhan loai. Song thffc<br />
vdi muc dich khai thae, chay theo nang sua't<br />
td' da lam cho chung ta phai suy nghi lai, dd la:<br />
va san Iffdng. Vdi sff eanh tac nhff vay da lam<br />
Khi ap dung ndng nghiep boa hpc thi mdi<br />
cho da't dai ngay cang thoai hda, dinh dffdng bi<br />
trffdng da't, nffdc, thffc pham bi d nhiem nang;<br />
Con ngffdi nhieu khi cung bi nhiem ddc do an mat can dd'i, ma't can bang he sinh thai trong<br />
phai thffc pham d nhiem bdi hoa chat...; Da't da't, he vi sinh vat trong da't bi pha buy, tdn dff<br />
dai ngay cang chai effng, ma:t can bang sinh eac chat ddc hai trong da't ngay cang cao,<br />
thai. Nguy hiem hdn la chung ta da vd tinh ngudn benh tich luy trong da't cang nhieu din<br />
tieu diet hang ty vi sinh vat cd Ich, ma chung de'n phat sinh mdt sd' dich hai khdng the dff<br />
bao trffdc.<br />
<br />
c s o KHOfl HOC S CONG NGHl Hfl TINH ( 2 1<br />
Chinh VI vay, xu hUdng quay tr6 lai nen Thc5i gian qua, TT fla thff nghiem chS<br />
nong nghiep hQu cd v6i viec tang ciXcing svf dung pham 6 qui mo nho tai m6t s6' dia phffdng nnu.<br />
che pham sinh hoc, phan bon hiiu cd trong canh xa Sdn Quang - HUdng Sdn; Ph\ic3ng Thach<br />
tac cay trdng dang la xu hu'dng chung ciia Viet Linh - Thanh phd Ha Tinh; xa Thach Van,<br />
Nam n6i rieng va the gi6i noi chung. huyen Thach Ha... Cac md hinh khao nghiem<br />
cd bd tri cdng thffc ddi chffng (khdng sff dung<br />
Ha TTnh la thih nong nghiep, vi the vay<br />
che pham), vdi ngudn nguyen lieu chinh de u<br />
nhu cau sff dung phan bdn trong san xuat ndng<br />
phan gdm: bdn khd, beo, rac, cac loai rdm ra,<br />
lam nghiep la rat ldn. Mac du vay tap quan<br />
.CO va phan chudng tffdi... Ket qua cho thay khi<br />
ciia ngffdi dan Ha Tinh chii yeu sff dung phan<br />
sff diing che' pham trong qua trinh li khdng co<br />
bdn hoii hpc. Viee sff dung phan bdn hffu cd<br />
mui hdi thd'i bay ra, nhin bang cam quan cac<br />
cdn ban che, bdi thdi gian u phan theo phffdng loai phe' thai thffc vat sau khi li hoai muc hdn<br />
phap truyen thdng phai mat tff 50 - 60 ngay so vdi cdng thffc dd'i chffng. Sau li 20 - 25 ngay<br />
mdi cd phiin hoai muc dam bao ky thuat de -la CO phan hoai de bdn (dd'i chffng la 55- 60<br />
bdn cho ddng rupng; cho nen, nhieu luc ngffdi ngay). Khi sff dung phan li cd sff dung chd<br />
dan phai bdn phan cdn tffdi, chffa hoai mue... pham bdn cho cay trdng thi cay phat trien td't<br />
thdng qua con dffdng nay hp da vd tinh dffa hdn. It bi benh hdn. Dac biet sff dung che'<br />
cac mam benh, cac chiing nam, vi sinh cd hai pham di li da't hoac phan lam bau cho cay gd'c<br />
vao da't, gay nen mdt so' benh hai nguy hiem ghep tai vffdn ffdm gid'ng cay an qua khi ra<br />
cho cay trdng... dSn de'n nang sua't, cha't Iffdng ngdi cay sinh trffdng nhanh, khdng bi nam<br />
va hieu qua kinh td chffa cao. Chinh vi vay, benh hai (dd'i chffng cd mdt sd' bau cay con hi<br />
viec san xua't va sff dung che pham sinh hpc benh thd'i cd rd).<br />
nham giai quye't td't van de mdi trffdng ddng Qua nhan xet danh gia ciia cac hd dan deu<br />
thdi tao them ngudn phan bdn hffu cd d Ha khang dinh viec sff dung che' pham HATI-<br />
Tinh la viec lam thiet thffc hffu ich, gdp phan MIC de li phan bdn cho cay trdng mang lai ke^t<br />
cai tao da't; ban che sff dung phan bdn hoa qua rat kha quan. Sff dung che' pham HATI-<br />
bpc; tang hieu qua kinh td cho ngffdi dan. MIC giam thdi gian li phan (giam tren 30 ngay<br />
so vdi each u thdng thffdng); ban chd mdi hdi<br />
Dffdc sff dau tff ciia Bp Khoa hoc & Cdng thd'i trong qua trinh u do do ban che' dffdc tdn<br />
nghe va Sd KHCN Ha Tinh thdng qua dff an that dam bi ma't mat, giup cay phat trien tdt.<br />
"&ng dung cdng nghe sinh hpc san xua't cac Ben ganh dd tan dung dffdc ngudn phe' phu<br />
che pha'm vi sinh phuc vu phat ti-ien kinh td pham ndng nghiep, chat thai hffu cd... lam<br />
ndng nghiep ndng thon Ha Tinh", Trung tam phan nham tie't kiem chi phi dau tff phan bdn<br />
Lfng Dung tie'n bd khoa hpc Cdng nghe (TT) cho ndng dan.<br />
hdp tac vdi Cdng ty cd phan cdng nghe vi sinh Tren cd sd ke't qua da dat dffdc d mpt so'<br />
va mdi trffdng nghien cffu san xuat thanh cong vdng khao nghiem tren, chiing tdi manh dan<br />
che pham vi sinh xff Iy chat thai hffu cd, phe khuye'n cao ngffdi dan nen sff dung chd pham<br />
phu pham ndng nghiep, than bdn lam phan HATI-MIC trong san xua't ndng nghiep. Mat<br />
bdn hieu "HATI-MIC". khac dd giup cho ngffdi tieu ddng dffdc sff<br />
Day la loai ehe pham sinh hpc sff dung cac dung san pham ndng san khdng chffa cae dff<br />
chunc' vi sinh vat hffu Ich trong tff nhien nham Iffdng hoa chat dde hai dam bao ve sinh an<br />
phan'giai nhanh cac cha't hffu ed ed trong rac toan, dap ffng eae yeu eau ngay cang khat khe<br />
thai phd thai ndng nghiep, cac loai mun hffu eiia thi trffdng, nha't la trong bd'i eanh da't nffdc<br />
cd thanh eae cha't dinh dffdng de tieu cho eay. ta dang thdi ky hdi nhap WTO thi viee ffng<br />
Thanh phdn sinh hpc chinh ciia che pham nay dung ehe pham HA'TI-MIC dd xff ly cha't thai<br />
chii ydu la cac ehung loai vi sinh vat dffdc hffu cd, phd phu pham ndng nghiep, than bdn<br />
phan lap tai cac vdng sinh thai cua Viet Nam lam phan bdn la rat can thie't va la mdt hffdng<br />
di phd hdp, va dam bao ldi ich kinh te', mdi<br />
nhtf 'Aspergillus oryzae. Bacillus subtilis.<br />
trffdng.<br />
Bacillus lichenfomic, Lactobacillus sp va<br />
Saccharomyces cerevisiea. N.T.T.T<br />
<br />
<br />
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ f i HOC & C^NG^IOH^^lfi^r^<br />