Chương 5: Requirements Quality Assurance

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Widely applicable technique for req. QA is asking selected people to inspect the RD for defects and meet for reviews.

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Requirements Engineering From System Goals to UML Models to Software Specifications Axel Van Lamsweerde 1 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements quality assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
Fundamentals of RE Chapter 5 Requirements Quality Assurance 2 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements quality assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
Chap.5: RE quality assurance alternative options Chap. 2: Chap. 3: Elicitation Evaluation techniques techniques consolidated agreed start requirements requirements Chap. 4: Chap. 5: Specification & Quality assurance documentation documented requirements techniques 3 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
Requirements quality assurance: outline Requirements inspections and reviews  – The requirements inspection process – Inspection guidelines – Requirements inspection checklists Queries on a requirements database  Requirements validation by specification animation  Resulting product: Consolidated Requirements Document 4 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 Requirements inspections and reviews Widely applicable technique for req. QA is asking selected people to inspect the RD for  defects and meet for reviews. – known to be quite effective for source code – more studies reveal its effectiveness when applied to RD RD Inspection Individual Defect evaluation consolidation planning reviewing at review meetings Figure 5.1 – Requirements inspection, review, and consolidation 5 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 The requirements inspection process RD Inspection Individual Defect evaluation consolidation planning reviewing at review meetings Figure 5.1 – Requirements inspection, review, and consolidation Inspection planning: determines …  – The size of and the members of the inspection team. – The timing of the inspection process. – The schedule and scope of each review meeting. – The format of inspection reports. 6 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 The requirements inspection process: Individual reviewing RD Inspection Individual Defect evaluation consolidation planning reviewing at review meetings Figure 5.1 – Requirements inspection, review, and consolidation Individual reviewing: inspectors reads the RD for defects.  This phase can be operated in several modes:  – Free mode: The inspectors reads RD without directives on what part of the RD to consider and what type of defect to look for. – Checklist based: T h e ins p e c to rs is g ive n a lis t o f q ue s tio ns to g uid e th e d e fe c t s e a rc h p ro c e s s . – Process based: T h e ins p e c to rs is g ive n a s p e c ific p ro c e s s to fo llo w fo r d e fe c t s e a rc h . 7 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 The requirements inspection process: Defect evaluation at review meetings RD Inspection Individual Defect evaluation consolidation planning reviewing at review meetings Figure 5.1 – Requirements inspection, review, and consolidation Defect evaluation at review meetings  – The defects found by each inspector are collected and discussed by the meeting participants. – Keep only defects on which all agree. – The team documents the conclusions in an inspection report. 8 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 The requirements inspection process: RD consolidation RD Inspection Individual Defect evaluation planning consolidation reviewing at review meetings Figure 5.1 – Requirements inspection, review, and consolidation RD consolidation: The requirements document is revised to address all concerns  expressed in the inspection report. 9 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 Requirement inspection guidelines Inspection process uses WHATWHOWHENWHERE guidelines to make it more effective in finding defects. WHAT? The inspection report should …  – Be accurate and informative in specific points. – Contain substantiated facts (not opinions). – Be constructive and not offensive to the authors of the RD WHO? The inspectors should be independent from the authors of the RD and not  have a conflict of interest with them;… WHEN? Should not be applied too soon or too late. Shorter, repeated meetings are  more productive than longer, fewer ones. WHERE? Inspection should consider places where critical aspects of the system are  presented (safety or security related ones) 10 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 Requirements inspection checklists Checklistbased and processbased modes rely on lists of specific issues to address  while searching for defects. The checklists may be:  – Defect-based checklists: are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects (cf. Table 1.1). – Quality-specific checklists: specialize defectbased checklists to specific categories of nonfunctional requirements. – Domain-specific checklists: specialize generic and qualityspecific checklists to the specific concepts and standard operations found in domain. – Language-based checklists: specialize the defectbased checklist to the specific constructs of the structured semiformal or formal specification language used in the RD. 11 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 Queries on a requirements database Work on parts of the RD that are specified in terms of the diagrammatic notations.  The specification is maintained in a requirements database. The schema of this  database closely reflects the structure of the diagram language used for specification. Queries on the requirements database allow for structural consistency and  completeness checks. The schema of requirements database and languagespecific database engine can be  derived by metatool taking a metaspecification of the diagram language. The generated database engine includes a diagramspecific query language and  processor for querying. 12 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
 Requirements validation by specification animation The main purpose of RE validation is to check the adequacy of requirements and  assumptions. We want to check where the specified systemtobe meets the actual expectations of  stakeholders. There’re two way: – Defining a representative sample of validation scenarios. – Animating parts of the specified system (integrating previous one). How RE animation works on a specification:  – Extracting an executable model from the specification – Simulating the system’s behavior using this model – Visualizing the simulation (animation) Tools: http://www.objectiver.com/  13 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons
Requirements quality assurance: summary Requirements inspections and reviews  – The requirements inspection process – Inspection guidelines – Requirements inspection checklists Queries on a requirements database  Requirements validation by specification animation  14 www.wileyeurope .com/college/van lamsweerde Chap.5: Requirements Quality Assurance © 2009 John Wiley and Sons