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codecode /kəυd/ noun 1. a system of signs, numbers, or letters which mean something 2. a set of
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code code /kəυd/ noun 1. a system of signs, numbers, or letters which mean something 2. a set of rules code of practice / kəυd əv pr ktis/ noun 1. rules drawn up by an association which the members must follow when doing business 2. the formally established ways in which members of a profession agree to work Advertisers have agreed to abide by the code of practice set out by the advertising council. codicil / kəυdisil/ noun a document executed in the same way as a will, making additions or changes to an existing will coding / kəυdiŋ/ noun the...
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Nội dung Text: codecode /kəυd/ noun 1. a system of signs, numbers, or letters which mean something 2. a set of
- Accounting.fm Page 46 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM code 46 collecting agency /kə lektiŋ eid ənsi/ code /kəυd/ noun 1. a system of signs, code collecting agency | noun an agency which collects money owed numbers, or letters which mean something to other companies for a commission 2. a set of rules collecting bank /kə lektiŋ b ŋk/ noun collecting bank code of practice / kəυd əv pr ktis/ code of practice | a bank into which a person has deposited a noun 1. rules drawn up by an association cheque, and which has the duty to collect the which the members must follow when doing money from the account of the writer of the business 2. the formally established ways in cheque which members of a profession agree to work Advertisers have agreed to abide by collection period /kə lekʃən piəriəd/ collection period | the code of practice set out by the advertis- noun the number of days it takes a company ing council. to collect money owing codicil / kəυdisil/ noun a document exe- collection ratio /kə lekʃən reiʃiəυ/ codicil collection ratio | cuted in the same way as a will, making noun the average number of days it takes a additions or changes to an existing will firm to convert its accounts receivable into cash. Also known as days’ sales outstand- coding / kəυdiŋ/ noun the act of putting a coding ing code on something the coding of invoices collections /kə lekʃənz/ plural noun collections coding of accounts / kəυdiŋ əv ə coding of accounts | | money which has been collected kaυnts/ noun the practice of assigning collective investment /kə lektiv in collective investment codes to the individual accounts that make | | vestmənt/ noun the practice of investing up the accounting system of a large com- money with other individuals or organisa- pany tions in order to share costs and risk co-director / kəυ dai rektə/ noun a per- co-director | collector /kə lektə/ noun a person who collector son who is a director of the same company | makes people pay money which is owed as you He works as a debt collector. coefficient of variation / kəυifiʃ(ə)nt coefficient of variation column / kɒləm/ noun a series of numbers column əv veəri eiʃ(ə)n/ noun a measure of the | arranged one underneath the other to add spread of statistical data, which is equal to up a column of figures Put the total at the the standard deviation multiplied by 100 bottom of the column. co-financing / kəυ fain nsiŋ/ noun the co-financing combined financial statement /kəm combined financial statement act of arranging finance for a project from a | baind fai n nʃəl steitmənt/ noun a series of sources | written record covering the assets, liabili- cold start / kəυld stɑ t/ noun the act of cold start ties, net worth and operating statement of beginning a new business or opening a new two or more related or affiliated companies shop with no previous turnover to base it on comfort letter / k mfət letə/ noun 1. in comfort letter collateral /kə l t(ə)rəl/ noun a security, collateral the United States, an accountant’s statement | such as negotiable instruments, shares or confirming that the unaudited financial goods, used to provide a guarantee for a loan information in a prospectus follows GAAP ‘…examiners have come to inspect the 2. a letter from a parent company to a lender collateral that thrifts may use in borrowing assuring the lender that a subsidiary com- from the Fed’ [Wall Street Journal] pany that has applied for a loan will be sup- ported by the parent in its efforts to stay in collateralisation collateralisation /kə l t(ə)rəlai | | business zeiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of securing a debt by command economy /kə mɑ nd i selling long-term receivables to another command economy | | company which secures them on the debts kɒnəmi/ noun same as planned economy commerce / kɒm s/ noun the buying collateralise /kə l t(ə)rəlaiz/, collater- collateralise commerce | and selling of goods and services alize verb to secure a debt by means of a col- lateral commercial /kə m ʃ(ə)l/ adjective 1. commercial | referring to business 2. profitable collect /kə lekt/ verb 1. to get money collect | which is owed to you by making the person commercial bank /kə m ʃ(ə)l b ŋk/ commercial bank | who owes it pay 2. to take things away from noun a bank which offers banking services a place We have to collect the stock from to the public, as opposed to a merchant bank the warehouse. í adverb, adjective used to commercial bill /kə m ʃ(ə)l bil/ noun commercial bill | describe a phone call which the person a bill of exchange issued by a company (a receiving the call agrees to pay for trade bill) or accepted by a bank (a bank collectibility /kə lekti biliti/ noun ability collectibility bill), as opposed to a Treasury bill, which is | | of cash owed to be collected issued by the government
- Accounting.fm Page 47 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 47 committee Commissioner of the Inland Reve- commercial directory /kə m ʃ(ə)l dai commercial directory Commissioner of the Inland Revenue | | nue /kə miʃ(ə)nəz əv θi inlənd rekt(ə)ri/ noun a book which lists all the | revənju / noun same as Appeals Com- businesses and business people in a town missioner commercial failure /kə m ʃ(ə)l commercial failure | commission house /kə miʃ(ə)n haυs/ commission house feiljə/ noun financial collapse or bank- | noun a firm which buys or sells for clients, ruptcy and charges a commission for this service commercial law /kə m ʃ(ə)l lɔ / noun commercial law | commission rep /kə miʃ(ə)n rep/ noun commission rep the laws regarding the conduct of businesses | a representative who is not paid a salary but commercial lawyer /kə m ʃ(ə)l lɔ jə/ commercial lawyer | receives a commission on sales noun a person who specialises in company commit /kə mit/ verb to commit your- commit law or who advises companies on legal | self to to guarantee something, especially a problems loan issue, or to guarantee to do something commercial loan /kə m ʃ(ə)l ləυn/ commercial loan | commitment /kə mitmənt/ noun some- commitment noun a short-term renewable loan or line of | thing which you have agreed to do to make credit used to finance the seasonal or cycli- a commitment or to enter into a commitment cal working capital needs of a company to do something The company has a com- commercially /kə m ʃ(ə)li/ adverb 1. commercially | mitment to provide a cheap service. for the purpose of making a profit 2. in the commitment document /kə mitmənt commitment document operation of a business | dɒkjυmənt/ noun a contract, change order, commercial paper /kə m ʃ(ə)l peipə/ commercial paper purchase order or letter of intent which deals | noun an IOU issued by a company to raise a with the supply of goods and services and short-term loan. Abbreviation CP commits an organisation to legal, financial commercial property /kə m ʃ(ə)l commercial property and other obligations | prɒpəti/ noun a building, or buildings, commitment fee /kə mitmənt fi / noun commitment fee | used as offices or shops a fee paid to a bank which has arranged a commercial report /kə m ʃ(ə)l ri commercial report line of credit which has not been fully used | | pɔ t/ noun an investigative report made by commitments basis /kə mitmənts commitments basis | an organisation such as a credit bureau that beisis/ noun the method of recording the specialises in obtaining information regard- expenditure of a public sector organisation ing a person or organisation applying for at the time when it commits itself to it rather something such as credit or employment than when it actually pays for it commercial substance /kə m ʃ(ə)l commercial substance commitments for capital expendi- commitments for capital expenditure | s bstəns/ noun the economic reality that ture /kə mitmənts fə k pit(ə)l ik| | underlies a transaction or arrangement, spenditʃə/ plural noun the amount a com- regardless of its legal or technical denomi- pany has committed to spend on fixed assets nation. For example, a company may sell an in the future. In the United Kingdom, com- office block and then immediately lease it panies are legally obliged to disclose this back: the commercial substance may be that amount, and any additional commitments, in it has not been sold. their annual report. commercial year /kə m ʃ(ə)l jiə/ commercial year committed credit lines /kə mitid committed credit lines | | noun an artificial year treated as having 12 kredit lainz/ plural noun a bank’s agree- months of 30 days each, used for calculating ment to provide a loan on the borrower’s such things as monthly sales data and inven- request, with a fee paid by the borrower for tory levels any undrawn portion of the agreed loan commission /kə miʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. money commission Committee of European Securities Committee of European Securities Regulators | paid to a salesperson or agent, usually a per- Regulators /kə miti əv jυərəpi ən si | | centage of the sales made She gets 10% kjυəritiz re jυleitəz/ noun an independ- commission on everything she sells. He is ent organisation of securities regulators paid on a commission basis. 2. a group of established to promote consistent supervi- people officially appointed to examine some sion of the European market for financial problem He is the chairman of the govern- services ment commission on export subsidies. Committee on Accounting Proce- committee commission agent /kə miʃ(ə)n commission agent dure /kə miti ɒn ə kaυntiŋ prə si d ə/ | | | | eid ənt/ noun an agent who is paid a per- noun in the United States, a committee of centage of sales the American Institute of Certified Public commissioner /kə miʃ(ə)nə/ noun an commissioner Accountants that was responsible between | ombudsman 1939 and 1959 for issuing accounting prin-
- Accounting.fm Page 48 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM commodity 48 company car / k mp(ə)ni kɑ / noun a ciples, some of which are still part of the company car Generally Accepted Accounting Principles car which belongs to a company and is lent to an employee to use for business or other commodity /kə mɒditi/ noun something commodity | purposes sold in very large quantities, especially a raw material such as a metal or a food such company director / k mp(ə)ni dai company director | as wheat rektə/ noun a person appointed by the shareholders to help run a company commodity exchange /kə mɒditi iks commodity exchange | | tʃeind / noun a place where commodities company flat / k mp(ə)ni fl t/ noun a company flat are bought and sold flat owned by a company and used by mem- bers of staff from time to time (NOTE: The commodity futures /kə mɒditi commodity futures | US term is company apartment.) fju tʃəz/ plural noun commodities traded for delivery at a later date Silver rose 5% company law / k mp(ə)ni lɔ / noun company law on the commodity futures market yesterday. laws which refer to the way companies work commodity market /kə mɒditi commodity market company pension scheme company pension scheme | mɑ kit/ noun a place where people buy and / k mp(ə)ni penʃən ski m/ noun same as sell commodities She occupational pension scheme commodity trader /kə mɒditi treidə/ decided to join the company’s pension commodity trader | scheme. noun a person whose business is buying and selling commodities company promoter / k mp(ə)ni prə company promoter | common cost / kɒmən kɒst/ noun a məυtə/ noun a person who organises the common cost cost which is apportioned to two or more setting up of a new company cost centres company registrar / k mp(ə)ni company registrar common ownership / kɒmən common ownership red istrɑ / noun the person who keeps the əυnəʃip/ noun a situation where a business share register of a company is owned by the employees who work in it company reserves / k mp(ə)ni ri company reserves | common pricing / kɒmən praisiŋ/ common pricing z vz/ plural noun same as revenue noun the illegal fixing of prices by several reserves businesses so that they all charge the same company secretary / k mp(ə)ni company secretary price sekrit(ə)ri/ noun a person who is responsi- common stock / kɒmən stɒk/ noun US common stock ble for a company’s legal and financial same as ordinary shares affairs Compagnie Nationale des Commis- Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes comparability / kɒmp(ə)rə biliti/ noun comparability | saires aux Comptes / kɒmp ni the extent to which accurate comparisons n ʃənɑ l dei kɒmiseəz əυ kɒmt/ noun can be made of the financial status of differ- in France, an organisation that regulates ent companies, based on similarities in their external audit. Abbreviation CNCC accounting procedures, measurement con- cepts and other features Companies House / k mpəniz haυs/ Companies House noun an official organisation where the comparative balance sheet /kəm comparative balance sheet | records of companies must be deposited, so p rətiv b ləns ʃi t/ noun one of two or that they can be inspected by the public. The more financial statements prepared on dif- official name is the ‘Companies Registration ferent dates that lend themselves to a com- Office’. parative analysis of the financial condition Companies Registration Office of an organisation Companies Registration Office / k mp(ə)niz red i streiʃ(ə)n ɒfis/ noun comparative statements /kəm comparative statements | | an office of the Registrar of Companies, the p rətiv steitmənts/ plural noun finan- official organisation where the records of cial statements which cover different companies must be deposited, so that they accounting periods, usually the previous can be inspected by the public. Abbreviation accounting period, but which are prepared in CRO. Also called Companies House the same way and therefore allow informa- company / k mp(ə)ni/ noun a business tion to be fairly compared company organisation, a group of people organised to compensate / kɒmpənseit/ verb to give compensate buy, sell, or provide a service, usually for someone money to make up for a loss or profit injury In this case we will compensate a company auditor / k mp(ə)ni ɔ ditə/ company auditor manager for loss of commission. The com- noun the individual or firm of accountants a pany will compensate the employee for the company appoints to audit its annual burns suffered in the accident. (NOTE: You accounts compensate someone for something.)
- Accounting.fm Page 49 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 49 compliance test tries to retain its market share’ [Citizen compensating balance compensating balance (Ottawa)] / kɒmpənseitiŋ b ləns/ noun the amount of money which a customer has to keep in a competitive devaluation /kəm petitiv competitive devaluation | bank account in order to get free services di v lju eiʃ(ə)n/ noun a devaluation of a | from the bank currency to make a country’s goods more compensating errors / kɒmpənseitiŋ competitive on the international markets compensating errors erəz/ plural noun two or more errors which competitive pricing /kəm petitiv competitive pricing | are set against each other so that the praisiŋ/ noun the practice of putting low accounts still balance prices on goods so as to compete with other compensation / kɒmpən seiʃ(ə)n/ compensation products | noun 1. compensation for damage pay- competitor /kəm petitə/ noun a person competitor | ment for damage done compensation for or company that is competing with another loss of office payment to a director who is Two German firms are our main competi- asked to leave a company before their con- tors. tract ends compensation for loss of earn- ‘…sterling labour costs continue to rise ings payment to someone who has stopped between 3% and 5% a year faster than in earning money or who is not able to earn most of our competitor countries’ [Sunday money 2. US a salary Times] ‘…compensation can also be via the mag- complete /kəm pli t/ verb to sign a con- complete | istrates courts for relatively minor injuries’ tract for the sale of a property and to [Personnel Management] exchange it with the other party, so making compensation deal / kɒmpən seiʃ(ə)n compensation deal it legal | di l/ noun a deal where an exporter is paid completed contract method /kəm completed contract method | (at least in part) in goods from the country to pli tid kɒntr kt meθəd/ noun a way of which he or she is exporting accounting for a particular contractual obli- compensation fund / kɒmpən seiʃ(ə)n compensation fund gation, e.g., a long-term construction | f nd/ noun a fund operated by the Stock project, whereby the profit is not recorded Exchange to compensate investors for losses until the final completion of the project, suffered when members of the Stock even if there has been some revenue while Exchange default the project was still in progress compensation package / kɒmpən compensation package completion date /kəm pli ʃ(ə)n deit/ completion date | | seiʃ(ə)n p kid / noun the salary, pension noun a date when something will be finished and other benefits offered with a job compliance /kəm plaiəns/ noun agree- compliance | ‘…golden parachutes are liberal compen- ment to do what is ordered sation packages given to executives leav- compliance audit /kəm plaiəns ɔ dit/ compliance audit ing a company’ [Publishers Weekly] | noun an audit of business activities carried compete /kəm pi t/ verb to compete compete out to determine whether performance | with someone or with a company to try to matches contractual, regulatory or statutory do better than another person or another requirements company We have to compete with cheap compliance costs /kəm plaiəns kɒsts/ compliance costs imports from the Far East. They were | plural noun expenses incurred as a result of competing unsuccessfully with local compa- meeting legal requirements, e.g., for safety nies on their home territory. the two com- requirements or to comply with company panies are competing for a market share law or for a contract each company is trying to compliance department /kəm plaiəns compliance department win a larger part of the market, trying to win | di pɑ tmənt/ noun a department which the contract | ensures that the company is adhering to any competition / kɒmpə tiʃ(ə)n/ noun a sit- competition | relevant regulations, such as FSA regula- uation where companies or individuals are tions trying to do better than others, e.g. trying to compliance officer /kəm plaiəns compliance officer win a larger share of the market, or to pro- | ɒfisə/ noun an employee of a financial duce a better or cheaper product or to control organisation whose job is to make sure that the use of resources the organisation complies with the regula- ‘…profit margins in the industries most tions governing its business exposed to foreign competition are worse than usual’ [Sunday Times] compliance test /kəm plaiəns test/ compliance test | noun any of various audit procedures fol- ‘…competition is steadily increasing and lowed to ensure that accounting procedures could affect profit margins as the company
- Accounting.fm Page 50 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM composition 50 within a company are reasonable and com- National Audit Office who reports back to ply with regulations Parliament on the audit of government departments composition / kɒmpə ziʃ(ə)n/ noun an composition | compulsory annuity /kəm p lsəri ə agreement between a debtor and creditors, compulsory annuity | | nju iti/ noun in the United Kingdom, the where the debtor settles a debt by repaying legal requirement that at least 75% of the only part of it funds built-up in a personal pension plan compound /kəm paυnd/ verb 1. to agree compound | have to be used to purchase an annuity by with creditors to settle a debt by paying part the age of 75 of what is owed 2. to add to The interest is compulsory liquidation /kəm p lsəri compulsory liquidation compounded daily. | likwi deiʃ(ə)n/ noun same as compul- compound discount / kɒmpaυnd compound discount | sory winding up diskaυnt/ noun the difference between the compulsory purchase /kəm p lsəri compulsory purchase nominal amount of a particular sum in the | p tʃis/ noun the purchase of an annuity future and its present discounted value. So, with the fund built up in a personal pension if £150 in a year’s time is worth £142 now, scheme the compound discount is £8. compulsory winding up /kəm p lsəri compounding period / kɒmpaυndiŋ compulsory winding up compounding period | waindiŋ p/ noun liquidation which is piəriəd/ noun the period over which com- ordered by a court pound interest is calculated compulsory winding up order /kəm compound interest / kɒmpaυnd compulsory winding up order compound interest | p lsəri waindiŋ p ɔ də/ noun an order intrəst/ noun interest which is added to the from a court saying that a company must be capital and then earns interest itself wound up compound journal entry / kɒmpaυnd compound journal entry computable /kəm pju təb(ə)l/ adjective computable d n(ə)l entri/ noun an entry in a journal | possible to calculate that comprises more than individual equally matched debit and credit items computation / kɒmpjυ teiʃ(ə)n/ noun a computation | calculation comprehensive income comprehensive income / kɒmprihensiv ink m/ noun a com- computational error computational error pany’s total income for a given accounting / kɒmpjυteiʃ(ə)nəl erə/ noun a mistake period, taking into account all gains and made in calculating losses, not only those included in a normal compute /kəm pju t/ verb to calculate, to compute | income statement. In the United States, do calculations comprehensive income must be declared computerise /kəm pju təraiz/, compu- computerise | whereas in the United Kingdom it appears in terize verb to change something from a the statement of total recognised gains and manual system to one using computers We losses. have computerised all our records. Stock comprehensive insurance comprehensive insurance control is now completely computerised. / kɒmprihensiv in ʃυərəns/, comprehen- concealment of assets /kən si lmənt concealment of assets | | sive policy / kɒmprihensiv pɒlisi/ noun əv sets/ noun the act of hiding assets so an insurance policy which covers you that creditors do not know they exist against all risks which are likely to happen concept / kɒnsept/ noun an idea con- concept comprehensive tax allocation comprehensive tax allocation cept of capital maintenance the idea that / kɒmprihensiv t ks ləkeiʃ(ə)n/ noun profit is only recorded if the capital of the the setting aside of money to cover deferred company, measured in terms of its net assets, tax increases during an accounting period. compromise / kɒmprəmaiz/ noun an compromise Assets can be measured at historical cost or agreement between two sides, where each in units of constant purchasing power. side gives way a little Management concept of maintenance of operating offered £5 an hour, the union asked for £9, capacity the concept of capital maintenance and a compromise of £7.50 was reached. í measured in terms of the changes in the cur- verb to reach an agreement by giving way a rent values of fixed assets, stock and work- little She asked £15 for it, I offered £7 and ing capital. Profit can only be taken if the we compromised on £10. total value of these assets, called the ‘net comptroller /kən trəυlə/ noun a financial comptroller operating assets’, including adjustments for | controller changes in prices affecting these assets, increases during an accounting period. Comptroller and Auditor General Comptroller and Auditor General conceptual framework /kən septʃuəl /kən trəυlə ənd ɔ ditə d en(ə)rəl/ noun conceptual framework | | freimw k/ noun a set of theoretical prin- in the United Kingdom, the head of the
- Accounting.fm Page 51 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:53 PM 51 consignment ciples that underlies the practice and regula- firm may profit personally from decisions tion of financial accounting. In the United taken in an official capacity States, this is expressed in the Statements of conglomerate /kən lɒmərət/ noun a conglomerate | Financial Accounting Concepts issued by group of subsidiary companies linked the Financial Accounting Standards Board. together and forming a group, each making In the United Kingdom, it is expressed in the very different types of products Statement of Principles issued by the connected persons /kə nektid connected persons | Accounting Standards Board. p s(ə)nz/ plural noun for purposes of dis- concern /kən s n/ noun a business or concern closure under the UK Companies Act, cer- | company tain people who are related to or connected with members of the board of directors, concession /kən seʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the concession | including his or her spouse and children right to use someone else’s property for business purposes 2. the right to be the only Conseil National de la Comptabilité Conseil National de la Comptabilité seller of a product in a place She runs a /kɒn sei n ʃənɑ l də kɒmt bilitei/ | | jewellery concession in a department store. noun in France, a committee appointed by 3. an allowance, e.g. a reduction of tax or the government that is responsible for draw- price ing up the Plan Comptable Général (General Accounting Plan) concessionaire /kən seʃə neə/ noun a concessionaire | | person or business that has the right to be the consensus ad idem /kən sensəs d consensus ad idem | only seller of a product in a place aidem/ phrase a Latin phrase meaning ‘agreement to this same thing’: real agree- concessionary fare /kən seʃ(ə)nəri concessionary fare | ment to a contract by both parties feə/ noun a reduced fare for some types of conservative /kən s vətiv/ adjective passenger such as pensioners, students or conservative | employees of a transport company careful, not overestimating His forecast of expenditure was very conservative or She conciliation /kən sili eiʃ(ə)n/ noun the conciliation | | made a conservative forecast of expenditure. practice of bringing together the parties in a dispute with an independent third party, so ‘…we are calculating our next budget income at an oil price of $15 per barrel. that the dispute can be settled through a We know it is a conservative projection, series of negotiations but we do not want to come in for a shock condition /kən diʃ(ə)n/ noun something condition | should prices dive at any time during the which has to be carried out as part of a con- year’ [Lloyd’s List] tract or which has to be agreed before a con- conservatively /kən s vətivli/ adverb conservatively tract becomes valid | not overestimating The total sales are conditional /kən diʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective conditional | conservatively estimated at £2.3m. provided that specific conditions are taken consideration /kən sidə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun consideration into account | | 1. serious thought We are giving consider- conditionality /kən diʃ(ə) n liti/ noun conditionality | | ation to moving the head office to Scotland. the fact of having conditions attached 2. something valuable exchanged as part of conditional sale /kən diʃ(ə)nəl seil/ conditional sale a contract | noun a sale which is subject to conditions, consign /kən sain/ verb consign to consign such as a hire-purchase agreement | goods to someone to send goods to some- conditions of employment /kən conditions of employment one for them to use or to sell for you | diʃ(ə)nz əv im plɔimənt/ plural noun the consignation / kɒnsai neiʃ(ə)n/ noun consignation | | terms of a contract of employment the act of consigning conditions of sale /kən diʃ(ə)nz əv conditions of sale consignee / kɒnsai ni / noun a person consignee | seil/ plural noun special features that apply | who receives goods from someone for their to a particular sale, e.g. discounts or credit own use or to sell for the sender terms consignment /kən sainmənt/ noun 1. consignment | Confederation of Asian and Pacific Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants the sending of goods to someone who will Accountants /kən fedəreiʃ(ə)n əv sell them for you 2. a group of goods sent for | ei (ə)n ən pə sifik ə kaυntənts/ noun sale A consignment of goods has arrived. | | full form of CAPA We are expecting a consignment of cars confidential report / kɒnfidenʃəl ri confidential report from Japan. | pɔ t/ noun a secret document which must ‘…some of the most prominent stores are not be shown to other people gradually moving away from the tradi- conflict of interest / kɒnflikt əv conflict of interest tional consignment system, under which intrəst/ noun a situation where a person or manufacturers agree to repurchase any
- Accounting.fm Page 52 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM consignment accounts 52 unsold goods, and in return dictate prices profit and loss statement or income and sales strategies and even dispatch staff statement.) to sell the products’ [Nikkei Weekly] consolidation /kən sɒli deiʃ(ə)n/ noun consolidation | | consignment accounts /kən consignment accounts 1. the grouping together of goods for ship- | sainmənt ə kaυnts/ plural noun accounts ping 2. the act of taking profits from specu- | kept by both consignee and consignor, lative investments and investing them safely showing quantities, dates of shipment, and in blue-chip companies payments for stocks held consolidation adjustments /kən sɒli consolidation adjustments | | consignment note /kən sainmənt consignment note deiʃ(ə)n ə d stmənts/ plural noun nec- | | nəυt/ noun a note saying that goods have essary changes and deletions made to finan- been sent cial records when consolidating the accounts of a group of enterprises consignor /kən sainə/ noun a person consignor | who consigns goods to someone consolidation difference /kən sɒli consolidation difference | | deiʃ(ə)n dif(ə)rəns/ noun the difference consistency /kən sistənsi/ noun one of consistency | between the price paid for a subsidiary and the basic accounting concepts, that items in the value of the assets and liabilities the accounts should be treated in the same obtained in the purchase way from year to year consols / kɒnsɒlz/ plural noun govern- consols consolidate /kən sɒlideit/ verb 1. to consolidate | ment bonds which pay interest but do not include the accounts of several subsidiary have a maturity date companies as well as the holding company consortium /kən sɔ tiəm/ noun a group in a single set of accounts 2. to group goods consortium | together for shipping of companies which work together A con- sortium of Canadian companies or A Cana- consolidated accounts /kən consolidated accounts | dian consortium has tendered for the job. sɒlideitid ə kaυnts/ plural noun accounts | (NOTE: The plural is consortia.) where the financial position of several dif- ferent companies, i.e. a holding company ‘…the consortium was one of only four bidders for the £2 billion contract to run and its subsidiaries, are recorded together the lines, seen as potentially the most dif- consolidated balance sheet /kən consolidated balance sheet | ficult contract because of the need for huge sɒlideitid b ləns ʃi t/ noun the balance investment’ [Times] sheets of subsidiary companies grouped constant purchasing power constant purchasing power together into the balance sheet of the parent / kɒnstənt p tʃisiŋ paυə/ noun same as company. Also called group balance sheet current purchasing power consolidated cash flow statement consolidated cash flow statement constraint /kən streint/ noun any factor constraint /kən sɒlideitid k ʃ fləυ steitmənt/ | | that limits the activities of a business, e.g. noun a cash flow statement for a group of the capacity of a machine or the number of enterprises and its parent company as a hours a worker can legally work whole constraint-based costing /kən constraint-based costing consolidated financial statement consolidated financial statement | streint beist kɒstiŋ/ noun a costing /kən sɒlideitid fai n nʃəl steitmənt/ | | method that takes account of restraints on noun a document that gives the main details capacity, e.g. the capacity of machinery of the financial status of a company and its Consultative Committee of Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies subsidiaries. Also called group financial Accountancy Bodies /kən s ltətiv kə statement | | miti əv ə kaυntənsi bɒdiz/ noun an consolidated fund /kən sɒlideitid consolidated fund | | organisation established in 1974 that repre- f nd/ noun money in the Exchequer which sents and encourages coordination between comes from tax revenues and is used to pay the six professional accountancy bodies in for government expenditure the United Kingdom and Ireland. Abbrevia- consolidated income statement /kən consolidated income statement | tion CCAB sɒlideitid ink m steitmənt/ noun an consulting /kən s ltiŋ/ adjective giving consulting income statement for a group of enterprises | specialist advice a consulting engineer and its parent company as a whole consulting actuary /kən s ltiŋ consulting actuary consolidated profit and loss consolidated profit and loss account | ktjuəri/ noun an independent actuary account /kən sɒlideitid prɒfit ən lɒs ə | | who advises large pension funds kaυnt/ noun profit and loss accounts of the consumable goods /kən sju məb(ə)l consumable goods holding company and its subsidiary compa- | υdz/, consumables plural noun goods nies, grouped together into a single profit and loss account (NOTE: The US term is which are bought by members of the public
- Accounting.fm Page 53 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 53 continuous improvement contested takeover /kən testid and not by companies. Also called con- contested takeover | teikəυvə/ noun a takeover bid where the sumer goods board of the target company does not recom- consumed cost /kən sju md kɒst/ consumed cost | mend it to the shareholders and tries to fight noun same as sunk cost it. Also called hostile bid consumer /kən sju mə/ noun a person or consumer | contingency fund /kən tind ənsi contingency fund company that buys and uses goods and serv- | f nd/ noun money set aside in case it is ices Gas consumers are protesting at the needed urgently increase in prices. The factory is a heavy contingent expenses /kən tind ənt ik consumer of water. contingent expenses | | spensiz/ plural noun expenses which will consumer council /kən sju mə consumer council | be incurred only if something happens kaυns(ə)l/ noun a group representing the contingent gain /kən tind ənt ein/ interests of consumers contingent gain | noun a possible gain that is conditional on consumer credit /kən sju mə kredit/ consumer credit | the occurrence of a certain event in the noun credit given by shops, banks and other future financial institutions to consumers so that contingent liability /kən tind ənt laiə they can buy goods (NOTE: Lenders have to contingent liability | | biliti/ noun a liability which may or may be licensed under the Consumer Credit Act, 1974.) not occur, but for which provision is made in a company’s accounts, as opposed to ‘provi- Consumer Credit Act, 1974 /kən Consumer Credit Act, 1974 | sions’, where money is set aside for an antic- sju mə kredit kt/ noun an Act of Parlia- ipated expenditure ment which licenses lenders, and requires contingent loss /kən tind ənt lɒs/ them to state clearly the full terms of loans contingent loss | which they make, including the APR noun a possible loss that is conditional on the occurrence of a certain event in the consumer goods /kən sju mə υdz/ consumer goods | future plural noun same as consumable goods contingent policy /kən tind ənt contingent policy Consumer Price Index /kən sju mə Consumer Price Index | | pɒlisi/ noun an insurance policy which prais indeks/ noun a US index showing pays out only if something happens, such as how prices of consumer goods have risen if a person named in the policy dies before over a period of time, used as a way of meas- the person due to benefit uring inflation and the cost of living. Abbre- contingent reserve /kən tind ənt ri viation CPI (NOTE: The UK term is retail contingent reserve | | z v/ noun a fund set aside to meet unex- prices index.) pected costs, e.g. an increase in interest rates ‘…analysis of the consumer price index for the first half of the year shows that the continuing professional develop- continuing professional development rate of inflation went down by about 12.9 ment /kən tinjuiŋ prə feʃ(ə)n(ə)l di | | | per cent’ [Business Times (Lagos)] veləpmənt/ noun full form of CPD consumer protection /kən sju mə prə consumer protection continuous disclosure /kən tinjυəs continuous disclosure | | | tekʃən/ noun the activity of protecting con- dis kləυ ə/ noun in Canada, the practice of | sumers against unfair or illegal traders ensuring that complete, timely, accurate and consumer spending /kən sju mə consumer spending balanced information about a public com- | spendiŋ/ noun spending by private house- pany is made available to shareholders holds on goods and services continuous improvement /kən continuous improvement | tinjuəs im pru vmənt/ noun a procedure ‘…companies selling in the UK market are | worried about reduced consumer spending and management philosophy that focuses on as a consequence of higher interest rates looking all the time for ways in which small and inflation’ [Business] improvements can be made to processes and consumption tax /kən s mpʃ(ə)n products, with the aim of increasing quality consumption tax | t ks/ noun a tax used to encourage people and reducing waste and cost (NOTE: Contin- to buy less of a particular good or service by uous improvement is one of the tools that increasing its price. This type of tax is often underpin the philosophies of total quality levied in times of national hardship. management and lean production; in Japan it is known as kaizen.) Contact Committee / kɒnt kt kə miti/ Contact Committee | continuously contemporary noun an advisory body, established by the continuous improvement accounting /kən tinjυəsli kən European Union, that oversees the applica- | | temp(ə)rəri ə kaυntiŋ/ noun an account- tion of European accounting directives and | makes recommendations to the European ing system that measures assets and liabili- Commission about changes to those direc- ties at their current cash price. Profit and loss tives can therefore be viewed in terms of changes
- Accounting.fm Page 54 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM contra 54 contractual /kən tr ktʃυəl/ adjective in the value as all items are measured in the contractual | same way. Abbreviation CoCoA according to a contract contractual condi- tions contra contra / kɒntrə/ noun an accounting term contractual liability /kən tr ktʃuəl contractual liability used when debits are matched with related | laiə biliti/ noun a legal responsibility for credits in an account or set of accounts | something as stated in a contract contra account contra account / kɒntrə ə kaυnt/ noun contractually /kən tr ktjuəli/ adverb | contractually an account which offsets another account, | according to a contract The company is e.g. where a company’s supplier is not only contractually bound to pay our expenses. a creditor in that company’s books but also a contractual obligation /kən tr ktʃuəl contractual obligation debtor because it has purchased goods on | ɒbli eiʃ(ə)n/ noun something that a per- credit | son is legally forced to do through having contract contract noun / kɒntr kt/ 1. a legal signed a contract to do to fulfil your con- agreement between two parties to draw up tractual obligations to do what you have a contract to draft a contract to sign a agreed to do in a contract contract the contract is binding on both contract work / kɒntr kt w k/ noun contract work parties both parties signing the contract work done according to a written agreement must do what is agreed under contract contra entry / kɒntrə entri/ noun an contra entry bound by the terms of a contract The firm entry made in the opposite side of an is under contract to deliver the goods by account to make an earlier entry worthless, November. to void a contract to make a i.e. a debit against a credit contract invalid 2. by private contract by contribute /kən tribju t/ verb to give contribute private legal agreement 3. an agreement for | money or add to money We agreed to con- the supply of a service or goods to enter tribute 10% of the profits. They had con- into a contract to supply spare parts to tributed to the pension fund for 10 years. sign a contract for $10,000 worth of spare contribution / kɒntri bju ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. contribution parts 4. (Stock Exchange) a deal to buy or | money paid to add to a sum 2. the difference sell shares, or an agreement to purchase between sales value and the variable costs of options or futures í verb /kən tr kt/ to | a unit sold. This goes to cover fixed costs agree to do some work on the basis of a and provide the profit. legally binding contract to contract to contribution income statement contribution income statement supply spare parts or to contract for the sup- / kɒntribju ʃ(ə)n ink m steitmənt/ ply of spare parts noun a way of presenting an income state- contract costing contract costing / kɒntr kt kɒstiŋ/ ment in which fixed costs are shown as a noun a method of costing large projects, deduction from the total contribution. This where the contracted work will run over sev- format is often used as part of management eral accounting periods accounting. contracting party contracting party /kən tr ktiŋ pɑ ti/ contribution margin / kɒntri bju ʃ(ə)n contribution margin | | mɑ d in/ noun a way of showing how noun a person or company that signs a con- tract much individual products or services con- tribute to net profit contract note contract note / kɒntr kt nəυt/ noun a ‘The provider of rehabilitation services note showing that shares have been bought cited the negative impact of Part B therapy or sold but not yet paid for, also including caps on estimated Contract Therapy con- the commission tribution margins.’ [BusinessWeek] contract of employment contract of employment / kɒntr kt contribution of capital /kɒntri contribution of capital | əv im plɔimənt/ noun a contract between bju ʃ(ə)n əv k pit(ə)l/ noun money paid | an employer and an employee stating all the to a company as additional capital conditions of work. Also called employ- contributor of capital /kən tribjυtər contributor of capital ment contract | əv k pit(ə)l/ noun a person who contrib- contract of service contract of service / kɒntr kt əv utes capital s vis/ noun a legal agreement between an contributory /kən tribjυt(ə)ri/ adjective contributory | employer and an employee whereby the causing or helping to cause Falling employee will work for the employer and be exchange rates have been a contributory directed by them, in return for payment factor in the company’s loss of profits. contractor contractor /kən tr ktə/ noun a person or control account /kən trəυl ə kaυnt/ control account | | | company that does work according to a writ- noun an account used to record the total ten agreement amounts entered in a number of different
- Accounting.fm Page 55 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 55 cooperative store ledger accounts. It also acts as a means of 1. a price at which preference shares are checking the accuracy of the ledger converted into ordinary shares 2. a rate at accounts. which a currency is changed into a foreign currency controllable variance /kən trəυləb(ə)l controllable variance | conversion value veəriəns/ noun a difference between actual /kən v ʃ(ə)n conversion value | v lju / noun a value of convertible stock, and budgeted amounts that is considered as being within the control of the budget centre including the extra value of the ordinary manager shares into which they may be converted controlled company /kən trəυld convert /kən v t/ verb 1. to change controlled company convert | | k mp(ə)ni/ noun company where more money of one country for money of another than 50% (or in the USA, 25%) of the shares We converted our pounds into Swiss belong to one owner francs. 2. to convert funds to your own use to use someone else’s money for your- controlled economy /kən trəυld i controlled economy | | self kɒnəmi/ noun an economy where most convertibility /kən v tə biləti/ noun business activity is directed by orders from convertibility | | the government the ability of a currency to be exchanged for another easily controller /kən trəυlə/ noun 1. a person controller | convertible currency /kən v təb(ə)l who controls something, especially the convertible currency | k rənsi/ noun a currency which can easily finances of a company 2. US the chief accountant in a company be exchanged for another control limits /kən trəυl limits/ plural convertible debenture /kən v təb(ə)l control limits convertible debenture | | di bentʃə/ noun a debenture or loan stock noun limits on quantities or values which, if | exceeded, trigger intervention from man- which can be exchanged for ordinary shares agement at a later date control period /kən trəυl piəriəd/ noun convertible loan stock /kən v təb(ə)l control period convertible loan stock | | ləυn stɒk/ noun money lent to a company the fraction of the financial year, e.g., a month, for which separate totals are given in which can be converted into shares at a later a budget date control risk /kən trəυl risk/ noun that convertibles /kən v təb(ə)lz/ plural control risk convertibles | | aspect of an audit risk that involves a client’s noun corporate bonds or preference shares internal control system which can be converted into ordinary shares at a set price on set dates control totals /kən trəυl təυt(ə)lz/ plu- control totals | conveyance /kən veiəns/ noun a legal ral noun in auditing, totals calculated for conveyance | important data fields, used as a check of data document which transfers a property from processing standards the seller to the buyer conventional cost system /kən conveyancer /kən veiənsə/ noun a per- conventional cost system conveyancer | | venʃ(ə)n(ə)l kɒst sistəm/ noun a stand- son who draws up a conveyance ard system for applying overhead costs to conveyancing /kən veiənsiŋ/ noun the conveyancing | products and services, using only unit-based work of legally transferring a property from cost drivers a seller to a buyer conversion /kən v ʃ(ə)n/ noun the conversion COO abbreviation chief operating officer COO | action of changing convertible loan stock cooling-off period / ku liŋ ɒf piəriəd/ cooling-off period into ordinary shares noun 1. (during an industrial dispute) a conversion costs /kən v ʃ(ə)n kɒsts/ conversion costs period when negotiations have to be carried | plural noun the cost of changing raw materi- on and no action can be taken by either side als into finished or semi-finished products, 2. a period during which someone who is including wages, other direct production about to enter into an agreement may reflect costs and the production overhead on all aspects of the arrangement and change conversion of funds /kən v ʃ(ə)n əv his or her mind if necessary New York has conversion of funds | f ndz/ noun the act of using money which a three day cooling-off period for telephone does not belong to you for a purpose for sales. which it is not supposed to be used cooperative society /kəυ ɒp(ə)rətiv cooperative society | conversion period /kən v ʃ(ə)n sə saiəti/ noun an organisation where cus- conversion period | | piəriəd/ noun a time during which convert- tomers and employees are partners and share ible loan stock may be changed into ordi- the profits nary shares cooperative store /kəυ ɒp(ə)rətiv stɔ / cooperative store | conversion price /kən v ʃ(ə)n prais/, noun a store owned by those who shop there conversion price | conversion rate /kən v ʃ(ə)n reit/ noun as well as by its workers |
- Accounting.fm Page 56 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM coproperty 56 coproperty /kəυ prɒpəti/ noun the own- corporate name / kɔ p(ə)rət neim/ coproperty corporate name | ership of property by two or more people noun the name of a large corporation together corporate plan / kɔ p(ə)rət pl n/ noun corporate plan coproprietor / kəυprə praiətə/ noun a coproprietor a plan for the future work of a whole com- | person who owns a property with another pany person or several other people corporate planning / kɔ p(ə)rət corporate planning copyright / kɒpirait/ noun an author’s copyright pl niŋ/ noun 1. the process of planning the legal right to publish his or her own work future work of a whole company 2. planning and not to have it copied, lasting seventy the future financial state of a group of com- years after the author’s death í verb to con- panies firm the copyright of a written work by corporate profits / kɔ p(ə)rət prɒfits/ corporate profits inserting a copyright notice and publishing plural noun the profits of a corporation the work ‘…corporate profits for the first quarter Copyright Act / kɒpirait kt/ noun an Copyright Act showed a 4 per cent drop from last year’ Act of Parliament making copyright legal, [Financial Times] and controlling the copying of copyright corporate raider / kɔ p(ə)rət reidə/ corporate raider material noun a person or company which buys a copyright deposit / kɒpirait di pɒzit/ copyright deposit stake in another company before making a | noun the act of depositing a copy of a pub- hostile takeover bid lished work in a copyright library, which is corporation / kɔ pə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a corporation part of the formal copyrighting of copyright | large company 2. US a company which is material incorporated in the United States 3. a munic- copyright holder / kɒpirait həυldə/ copyright holder ipal authority noun a person who owns a copyright and corporation income tax corporation income tax who can expect to receive royalties from it / kɔ pəreiʃ(ə)n ink m t ks/ noun a tax copyright law / kɒpirait lɔ / noun laws copyright law on profits made by incorporated companies concerning the protection of copyright corporation loan / kɔ pə reiʃ(ə)n ləυn/ corporation loan copyright notice / kɒpirait nəυtis/ copyright notice | noun a loan issued by a local authority noun a note in a book showing who owns the corporation tax / kɔ pə reiʃ(ə)n t ks/ corporation tax copyright and the date of ownership | noun a tax on profits and capital gains made corporate / kɔ p(ə)rət/ adjective refer- corporate by companies, calculated before dividends ring to corporations or companies, or to a are paid. Abbreviation CT particular company as a whole correcting entry /kə rektiŋ entri/ noun correcting entry ‘…the prime rate is the rate at which banks | an entry made in accounts to make some- lend to their top corporate borrowers’ thing right which was previously wrong [Wall Street Journal] correlation / kɒrə leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the correlation ‘…if corporate forecasts are met, sales will | degree to which there is a relationship exceed $50 million next year’ [Citizen between two sets of data Is there any cor- (Ottawa)] relation between people’s incomes and the corporate bond / kɔ p(ə)rət bɒnd/ corporate bond amount they spend on clothing? noun a loan stock officially issued by a com- COSA abbreviation cost of sales adjust- COSA pany to raise capital, usually against the security of some of its assets (NOTE: The ment company promises to pay an amount of cost /kɒst/ noun the amount of money paid cost interest on a set date every year until the to acquire, produce or maintain something, redemption date, when it repays the loan.) e.g. the money paid for materials, labour and corporate finance / kɔ p(ə)rət corporate finance overheads in the manufacture of a product fain ns/ noun the financial affairs of com- produced and sold by a business Compu- panies ter costs are falling each year. We cannot afford the cost of two cars. í verb 1. to cause corporate governance / kɔ p(ə)rət corporate governance money to be spent or lost 2. to determine the v(ə)nəns/ noun the way a company or cost of something to cost a product to other organisation is run, including the pow- calculate how much money will be needed ers of the board of directors, audit commit- to make a product, and so work out its sell- tees, ethics, environmental impact, treat- ing price ment of workers, directors’ salaries and internal control cost absorption / kɒst əb zɔ pʃən/ cost absorption | corporate loan / kɔ p(ə)rət ləυn/ noun noun any system in which costs are assigned corporate loan a loan issued by a corporation to units produced
- Accounting.fm Page 57 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 57 cost modelling cost accountant / kɒst ə kaυntənt/ cost driver / kɒst draivə/ noun a factor cost accountant cost driver | noun an accountant who gives managers that determines how much it costs to carry information about their business costs out a particular task or project, e.g. the amount of resources needed for it, or the cost accounting / kɒst ə kaυntiŋ/ noun cost accounting | activities involved in completing it the process of preparing special accounts of cost-effective / kɒsti fektiv/ adjective cost-effective manufacturing and sales costs giving good value when compared with the cost accumulation / kɒst ə kju mjυ cost accumulation | | original cost We find advertising in the leiʃ(ə)n/ noun a system of presenting costs Sunday newspapers very cost-effective. in an account cost-effectiveness / kɒst i fektivnəs/, cost-effectiveness cost allocation / kɒst ləkeiʃ(ə)n/ cost allocation | cost efficiency / kɒst i fiʃənsi/ noun the noun the way in which overhead expenses | quality of being cost-effective Can we cal- are related to various cost centres culate the cost-effectiveness of air freight cost analysis / kɒst ə n ləsis/ noun the cost analysis | against shipping by sea? process of calculating in advance what a cost element / kɒst elimənt/ noun a cost element new product will cost single element of a total cost, e.g. the cost of cost apportionment / kɒst ə cost apportionment | depreciation of an item or the cost of ware- pɔ ʃ(ə)nmənt/ noun the sharing out of housing the item common overhead costs among various cost cost estimation / kɒst estimeiʃ(ə)n/ cost estimation centres noun the process of determining cost behav- cost assignment path / kɒst ə cost assignment path | iour patterns sainmənt pɑ θ/ noun a link between a cost factor / kɒst f ktə/ noun any activ- cost factor cost and its cost object ity or item of material, equipment or person- cost-based price / kɒst beist prais/ cost-based price nel that incurs a cost noun a price for a particular product or serv- cost function /kɒst f ŋkʃ(ə)n/ noun a cost function ice based on that portion of overall costs mathematical function that links a com- assigned to it pany’s total costs to its output and factor cost behaviour pattern / kɒst bi cost behaviour pattern | costs heivjə p t(ə)n/ noun the extent to which cost hierarchy / kɒst haiərɑ ki/ noun a cost hierarchy a cost will change as the level of activity of system for classifying a company’s activities a business changes according to the costs they incur cost-benefit analysis / kɒst benifit ə cost-benefit analysis | costing / kɒstiŋ/ noun a calculation of the costing n ləsis/ noun the process of comparing the manufacturing costs, and so the selling costs and benefits of various possible ways price, of a product The costings give us a of using available resources. Also called retail price of $2.95. We cannot do the benefit-cost analysis costing until we have details of all the pro- cost centre / kɒst sentə/ noun 1. a per- cost centre duction expenditure. son or group whose costs can be itemised costly / kɒstli/ adjective costing a lot of costly and to which costs can be allocated in money, or costing too much money accounts 2. a unit, a process or an individual Defending the court case was a costly proc- that provides a service needed by another ess. The mistakes were time-consuming part of an organisation and whose cost is and costly. therefore accepted as an overhead of the business cost management / kɒst cost management m nid mənt/ noun the application of cost (at cost) concept / kɒst ət kɒst cost concept kɒnsept/ noun the practice of valuing management accounting concepts, methods of data collection, analysis and presentation, assets with reference to their acquisition in order to provide the information required cost to enable costs to be planned, monitored and cost control / kɒst kən trəυl/ noun the cost control | controlled process of ensuring that a business’s actual cost management function / kɒst cost management function costs do not exceed predetermined accepta- m nid mənt f ŋkʃ(ə)n/ noun the man- ble limits agement of those activities that help deter- cost-cutting / kɒst k tiŋ/ adjective cost-cutting mine accurate costs intended to reduce costs We have taken cost modelling / kɒst mɒd(ə)liŋ/ noun cost modelling out the second telephone line as a cost-cut- ting exercise. í noun the process of reduc- the use of a costing system to give a clear ing costs As a result of cost-cutting, we view of the costs and profitability of a prod- have had to make three staff redundant. uct or service
- Accounting.fm Page 58 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM cost object 58 cost object / kɒst ɒbd ikt/ noun any and margin We are charging for the work cost object on a cost plus basis. aspect of a company’s business for which a costing can be produced, e.g. employees’ cost pool / kɒst pu l/ noun a grouping of cost pool salaries and factory overheads individual costs, e.g. by department or by cost of borrowing / kɒst əv bɒrəυiŋ/ cost of borrowing type of job noun an interest rate paid on borrowed cost price / kɒst prais/ noun a selling cost price money price that is the same as the price paid by the cost of capital / kɒst əv k pit(ə)l/ cost of capital seller, which results in no profit being made noun interest paid on the capital used in cost reduction programme / kɒst ri cost reduction programme | operating a business d kʃən prəυ r m/ noun a programme of cost of goods sold / kɒst əv υdz cost of goods sold cutting costs in order to improve profitabil- səυld/ noun same as cost of sales ity cost of living / kɒst əv liviŋ/ noun cost of living costs /kɒsts/ plural noun the expenses costs money which has to be paid for basic items involved in a court case The judge such as food, heating or rent to allow for awarded costs to the defendant. Costs of the cost of living in the salary adjustments the case will be borne by the prosecution. cost-of-living adjustment / kɒst əv cost-of-living adjustment costs of nonconformance / kɒsts əv costs of nonconformance liviŋ ə d stmənt/ noun an increase in nɒnkən fɔ məns/ plural noun costs | | wages or salary that compensates for an incurred by a company in rectifying defects increase in the cost of living in products or services sold cost-of-living allowance / kɒst əv cost-of-living allowance costs of quality / kɒsts əv kwɒləti/ costs of quality liviŋ ə laυəns/ noun an addition to normal plural noun costs incurred in applying qual- | salary to cover increases in the cost of living ity control standards cost-of-living bonus / kɒst əv liviŋ cost-of-living bonus cost summary schedule / kɒst cost summary schedule bəυnəs/ noun money paid to meet an s məri ʃedju l/ noun a method of deter- increase in the cost of living mining the cost to be transferred to a depart- cost-of-living increase / kɒst əv liviŋ cost-of-living increase ment’s finished goods inventory account inkri s/ noun an increase in salary to allow cost-volume-profit analysis / kɒst cost-volume-profit analysis it to keep up with the increased cost of living vɒlju m prɒfit ə n ləsis/ noun an analy- cost-of-living index / kɒst əv liviŋ | cost-of-living index sis of the relationship between gross profit indeks/ noun a way of measuring the cost and costs of production at different selling of living which is shown as a percentage prices and output volumes. Also called CVP increase on the figure for the previous year. analysis It is similar to the consumer price index, but coterminous period ends coterminous period ends includes other items such as the interest on / kəυt minəs piəriəd endz/ plural noun mortgages. a point in time that marks the end of the cost of replacement / kɒst əv ri cost of replacement | accounting period for separate and related pleismənt/ noun same as replacement accounts that cover the same period cost council tax / kaυnsəl t ks/ noun a tax council tax cost of sales / kɒst əv seilz/ noun all cost of sales paid by individuals or companies to a local the costs of a product sold, including manu- authority. Introduced in April 1993 as a facturing costs and the staff costs of the pro- replacement for the much maligned commu- duction department, before general over- nity charge, or ‘poll tax’, council tax heads are calculated. Also called cost of depends on the value of the residential or goods sold commercial property occupied. cost of sales adjustment / kɒst əv cost of sales adjustment count /kaυnt/ verb 1. to add figures count seilz ə d stmənt/ noun an adjustment | together to make a total She counted up made in current cost accounting to a com- the sales for the six months to December. 2. pany’s historical cost profit figure to take to include something Did you count my into account the effect of inflation on the trip to New York as part of my sales value of materials used in production during expenses? the accounting period. If prices are rising, counterbid / kaυntəbid/ noun a higher counterbid the COSA will reduce historical cost profit. bid in reply to a previous bid When I bid Abbreviation COSA $20 she put in a counterbid of $25. cost plus / kɒst pl s/ noun a system of cost plus counter-claim / kaυntə kleim/ noun a counter-claim calculating a price, by taking the cost of pro- duction of goods or services and adding a claim for damages made in reply to a previ- percentage to cover the supplier’s overheads ous claim Jones claimed £25,000 in dam-
- Accounting.fm Page 59 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 59 CPD ages against Smith, and Smith entered a overseas taxation, repatriation of profits, counter-claim of £50,000 for loss of office. nationalisation, currency instability, etc. coupon / ku pɒn/ noun 1. a piece of paper counterfeit / kaυntəfit/ adjective refer- coupon counterfeit used in place of money 2. a slip of paper ring to false or imitation money Shops in attached to a government bond certificate the area have been asked to look out for counterfeit £20 notes. í verb to make imita- which can be cashed to provide the annual interest tion money coupon rate / ku pɒn reit/ noun the per- counterfoil / kaυntəfɔil/ noun a slip of coupon rate counterfoil centage fixed interest rate on a government paper kept after writing a cheque, an invoice bond or a debenture or a receipt, as a record of the deal which has taken place coupon security / ku pɒn si kjυəriti/ coupon security | noun a government security which carries a countermand / kaυntə mɑ nd/ verb to countermand | coupon and pays interest, as opposed to one say that an order must not be carried out which pays no interest but is sold at a dis- to countermand an order to countermand count to its face value an order to say that an order must not be covenant / k vənənt/ noun a legal con- carried out covenant tract í verb to agree to pay annually a spec- counter-offer / kaυntər ɒfə/ noun a counter-offer ified sum of money to a person or organisa- higher or lower offer made in reply to tion by contract. When payments are made another offer Smith Ltd made an offer of under covenant to a charity, the charity can $1m for the property, and Blacks replied reclaim the tax paid by the donee. to cov- with a counter-offer of $1.4m. enant to pay £10 per annum ‘…the company set about paring costs and cover / k və/ noun an amount of money cover improving the design of its product. It large enough to guarantee that something came up with a price cut of 14%, but its counter-offer – for an order that was to can be paid for Do you have sufficient cover for this loan? í verb 1. to provide pro- have provided 8% of its workload next year – was too late and too expensive’ tection by insurance against something [Wall Street Journal] The insurance covers fire, theft and loss of counterparty / kaυntəpɑ ti/ noun each work. to cover a risk to be protected by counterparty insurance against a risk 2. to earn enough of the other parties to a contract, considered money to pay for costs, expenses, etc. We from the viewpoint of a particular party do not make enough sales to cover the counterpurchase / kaυntəp tʃis/ counterpurchase expense of running the shop. Break-even noun an international trading deal, where a point is reached when sales cover all costs. company agrees to use money received on a 3. to ask for security against a loan which sale to purchase goods in the country where you are making the sale was made ‘…three export credit agencies have countersign / kaυntəsain/ verb to sign a countersign agreed to provide cover for large projects document which has already been signed by in Nigeria’ [Business Times (Lagos)] someone else All our cheques have to be coverage / k v(ə)rid / noun US protec- coverage countersigned by the finance director. The tion guaranteed by insurance Do you have sales director countersigns all my orders. coverage against fire damage? countertrade / kaυntətreid/ noun a countertrade ‘…from a PR point of view it is easier to trade which does not involve payment of get press coverage when you are selling an money, but something such as a barter or a industry and not a brand’ [PR Week] buy-back deal instead covered option / k vəd ɒpʃ(ə)n/ noun covered option countervailing duty / kaυntəveiliŋ countervailing duty an option the owner of which is also the dju ti/ noun a duty imposed by a country owner of the shares for the option on imported goods, where the price of the cover note / k və nəυt/ noun a letter cover note goods includes a subsidy from the govern- from an insurance company giving details of ment in the country of origin. Also called an insurance policy and confirming that the anti-dumping duty policy exists counting house / kaυntiŋ haυs/ noun a counting house CP abbreviation commercial paper CP department dealing with cash (dated ) CPA abbreviation certified public account- CPA country risk / k ntri risk/ noun the risk country risk ant associated with undertaking transactions CPD / si pi di / noun training and educa- with, or holding assets in, a particular coun- CPD try. Sources of risk might be political, eco- tion that continues throughout a person’s nomic or regulatory instability affecting career in order to improve the skills and
- Accounting.fm Page 60 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM CPI 60 credit card holder / kredit kɑ d knowledge they use to do a job or succession credit card holder həυldə/ noun a person who has a credit of jobs. Full form continuing professional development card credit column / kredit kɒləm/ noun the CPI abbreviation Consumer Price Index credit column CPI right-hand column in accounts showing creative accountancy /kri eitiv ə creative accountancy | | money received kaυntənsi/, creative accounting /kri | credit control / kredit kən trəυl/ noun a credit control eitiv ə kaυntiŋ/ noun an adaptation of a | | check that customers pay on time and do not company’s figures to present a better picture owe more than their credit limit than is correct, usually intended to make a credit controller / kredit kən trəυlə/ company more attractive to a potential credit controller | buyer, or done for some other reason which noun a member of staff whose job is to try to may not be strictly legal get payment of overdue invoices credit entry / kredit entri/ noun an entry credit / kredit/ noun 1. a period of time credit entry credit on the credit side of an account allowed before a customer has to pay a debt incurred for goods or services to give credit facilities / kredit fə silitiz/ plural credit facilities | someone six months’ credit to sell on good noun an arrangement with a bank or supplier credit terms 2. an amount entered in to have credit so as to buy goods accounts to show a decrease in assets or credit freeze / kredit fri z/ noun a period credit freeze expenses or an increase in liabilities, reve- when lending by banks is restricted by the nue or capital. In accounts, credits are government entered in the right-hand column. to enter credit limit / kredit limit/ noun the larg- credit limit $100 to someone’s credit to pay in $100 to est amount of money which a customer can the credit of Mr Smith Compare debit í borrow verb to put money into someone’s account, credit line / kredit lain/ noun an over- credit line or to note money received in an account to draft, the amount by which a person can credit an account with £100 or to credit draw money from an account with no funds, £100 to an account with the agreement of the bank credit account / kredit ə kaυnt/ noun credit account credit note / kredit nəυt/ noun a note | credit note an account which a customer has with a shop showing that money is owed to a customer which allows him or her to buy goods and The company sent the wrong order and so pay for them later had to issue a credit note. Abbreviation C/N credit agency / kredit eid ənsi/ noun a credit agency creditor / kreditə/ noun a person or com- creditor company which reports on the creditworthi- pany that is owed money, i.e. a company’s ness of customers to show whether they creditors are its liabilities should be allowed credit. Also called credit creditor days / kreditə deiz/ plural noun creditor days bureau the number of days on average that a com- credit agreement / kredit ə ri mənt/ credit agreement pany requires to pay its creditors. debtor | noun a document that sets out the terms days under which credit is made available, or the creditors / kreditəz/ plural noun a list of creditors agreement enshrined in such a document all liabilities in a set of accounts, including credit analysis / kredit ə n ləsis/ noun credit analysis overdrafts, amounts owing to other compa- | the process of assessing a potential bor- nies in the group, trade creditors, payments rower’s creditworthiness received on account for goods not yet sup- credit balance / kredit b ləns/ noun a credit balance plied, etc. balance in an account showing that more creditors’ meeting / kreditəz mi tiŋ/ creditors’ meeting money has been received than is owed The noun a meeting of all the people to whom an account has a credit balance of £100. insolvent company owes money, to decide credit bank / kredit b ŋk/ noun a bank credit bank how to obtain the money owed which lends money credit rating / kredit reitiŋ/ noun an credit rating amount which a credit agency feels a cus- credit bureau / kredit bjυərəυ/ noun credit bureau tomer will be able to repay US same as credit agency credit reference / kredit ref(ə)rəns/ credit reference credit card / kredit kɑ d/ noun a plastic credit card noun a credit rating or other indication of the card which allows someone to borrow creditworthiness of a company or individual money and to buy goods up to a certain limit credit-reference agency / kredit without paying for them immediately, but credit-reference agency refər(ə)ns eid ənsi/ noun same as credit only after a period of grace of about 25–30 days. charge card agency
- Accounting.fm Page 61 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 61 cumulative interest Method charts or PERT reports.’ [Infor- credit report / kredit ri pɔ t/ noun infor- credit report | mationWeek] mation about an individual or entity relevant CRO abbreviation Companies Registration to a decision to grant credit CRO Office credit risk credit risk / kredit risk/ noun a risk that cross-border / krɒs bɔ də/ adjective cross-border a borrower may not be able to repay a loan from one country to another, covering sev- credit side / kredit said/ noun the right- credit side eral countries hand column of accounts showing money cross-border services / krɒs bɔ də cross-border services received s visiz/ plural noun accountancy services credit squeeze / kredit skwi z/ noun a credit squeeze provided by an accountancy firm in one period when lending by the banks is country for a client in another country restricted by the government crossed cheque / krɒst tʃek/ noun a crossed cheque credit union / kredit ju njən/ noun a credit union cheque with two lines across it showing that group of people who pay in regular deposits it can only be deposited at a bank and not or subscriptions which earn interest and are exchanged for cash used to make loans to other members of the cross holdings / krɒs həυldiŋz/ plural cross holdings group noun a situation where two companies own creditworthiness / kredit w ðinəs/ creditworthiness shares in each other in order to stop either | noun the extent to which an individual or from being taken over The two companies organisation is creditworthy have protected themselves from takeover by creditworthy / kreditw ði/ adjective creditworthy a system of cross holdings. judged as likely to be able to repay money cross rate / krɒs reit/ noun an exchange cross rate borrowed, either, in the case of an individ- rate between two currencies expressed in a ual, by a credit reference agency, or, in the third currency case of an organisation, by a credit rating cross-subsidy / krɒs s bsidi/ noun the cross-subsidy agency We will do some checks on her to process of deliberately assigning costs to see if she is creditworthy. items in an account in such a way that some crisis / kraisis/ noun a serious economic crisis items are undercosted and some overcosted situation where decisions have to be taken crown jewels / kraυn d u əlz/ plural crown jewels rapidly a banking crisis The govern- noun the most valuable assets of a company, ment stepped in to try to resolve the interna- the reason why other companies may want tional crisis. Withdrawals from the bank to make takeover bids have reached crisis level. crystallise / kristəlaiz/, crystallize verb crystallise crisis management crisis management / kraisis to become chargeable on an asset a m nid mənt/ noun 1. management of a deferred gain is crystallised when you real- business or a country’s economy during a ise the gain by selling the asset period of crisis 2. actions taken by an organ- CT abbreviation corporation tax CT isation to protect itself when unexpected cum /k m/ preposition with cum events or situations occur that could threaten cum all / k m ɔ l/ adverb including all cum all its success or continued operation (NOTE: entitlements Crisis situations may result from external cum coupon / k m ku pɒn/ adverb cum coupon factors such as the development of a new with a coupon attached or before interest product by a competitor or changes in legis- due on a security is paid lation, or from internal factors such as a cum dividend / k m dividend/, cum cum dividend product failure or faulty decision-making, div adverb including the next dividend still and often involve the need to make quick to be paid decisions on the basis of uncertain or cum rights / k m raits/ adverb sold with cum rights incomplete information.) the right to purchase new shares in a rights critical-path method / kritik(ə)l pɑ θ critical-path method issue meθəd/ noun a technique used in project cumulative / kju mjυlətiv/ adjective cumulative management to identify the activities within added to regularly over a period of time a project that are critical to its success, usu- cumulative interest / kju mjυlətiv cumulative interest ally by showing on a diagram or flow chart intrəst/ noun the total amount of interest the order in which activities must be carried that has been charged on a loan up to a given out so that the project can be completed in point the shortest time and at the least cost cumulative preference share cumulative interest ‘…need initial project designs to be more / kju mjυlətiv pref(ə)rəns ʃeə/ noun a complex or need to generate Critical Path
- Accounting.fm Page 62 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM currency 62 preference share which will have the divi- interest rate margin may be offset by dend paid at a later date even if the company changes in the exchange rates which is not able to pay a dividend in the current increase the value of the loan in the com- year (NOTE: The US term is cumulative pany’s balance sheet. preferred stock.) currency movements / k rənsi currency movements cumulative weighted average cost mu vmənts/ plural noun fluctuations in the currency / kju mjυlətiv weitid v(ə)rid kɒst/, value of the world’s currencies that occur as they are traded cumulative weighted average price / kju mjυlətiv weitid v(ə)rid prais/ currency note / k rənsi nəυt/ noun a currency note noun the average price per unit of stock bank note delivered in a period calculated each time a currency reserves / k rənsi ri z vz/ currency reserves | new delivery is received. Compare periodic plural noun foreign money held by a govern- weighted average cost ment to support its own currency and to pay currency / k rənsi/ noun 1. money in currency its debts coins and notes which is used in a particular currency swap / k rənsi swɒp/ noun 1. currency swap country 2. foreign currency, the currency of an agreement to use a certain currency for another country (NOTE: Currency has no payments under a contract in exchange for plural when it refers to the money of one another currency (the two companies country: He was arrested trying to take cur- involved can each buy one of the currencies rency out of the country.) at a more favourable rate than the other) 2. ‘…today’s wide daily variations in the buying or selling of a fixed amount of a exchange rates show the instability of a foreign currency on the spot market, and the system based on a single currency, namely selling or buying of the same amount of the the dollar’ [Economist] same currency on the forward market ‘…the level of currency in circulation current account / k rənt ə kaυnt/ noun current account | increased to N4.9 billion in the month of 1. an account in an bank from which the cus- August’ [Business Times (Lagos)] tomer can withdraw money when he or she currency backing / k rənsi b kiŋ/ currency backing wants. Current accounts do not always pay noun gold or government securities which interest. to pay money into a current maintain the strength of a currency account Also called cheque account currency band / k rənsi b nd/ noun currency band (NOTE: The US term is checking account.) the exchange rate levels between which a 2. an account of the balance of payments of currency is allowed to move without full a country relating to the sale or purchase of devaluation raw materials, goods and invisibles currency basket / k rənsi bɑ skit/ current assets / k rənt sets/ plural currency basket current assets noun a group of currencies, each of which is noun the assets used by a company in its weighted, calculated together as a single ordinary work, e.g. materials, finished unit against which another currency can be goods, cash and monies due, and which are measured held for a short time only currency clause / k rənsi klɔ z/ noun a current cost / k rənt kɒst/ noun the currency clause current cost clause in a contract which avoids problems amount it would cost to replace an asset at of payment caused by changes in exchange current prices rates, by fixing the exchange rate for the var- current cost accounting / k rənt current cost accounting ious transactions covered by the contract kɒst ə kaυntiŋ/ noun a method of | currency futures / k rənsi fju tʃəz/ currency futures accounting in which assets are valued at the plural noun purchases of foreign currency amount it would cost to replace them, rather for delivery at a future date than at the original cost. Abbreviation CCA. Also called replacement cost accounting currency hedging / k rənsi hed iŋ/ currency hedging current liabilities / k rənt laiə bilitiz/ noun a method of reducing exchange rate current liabilities | risk by diversifying currency holdings and plural noun the debts which a company has adjusting them according to changes in to pay within the next accounting period. In exchange rates a company’s annual accounts, these would be debts which must be paid within the year currency mismatching / k rənsi currency mismatching and are usually payments for goods or serv- mism tʃiŋ/ noun the activity of borrow- ices received. ing money in the currency of a country current purchasing power / k rənt where interest rates are low and depositing it current purchasing power p tʃisiŋ paυə/ noun a method of in the currency of a country with higher interest rates. The potential profit from the accounting which takes inflation into
- Accounting.fm Page 63 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM 63 customs seal customer service department account by using constant monetary units customer service department / k stəmə s vis di pɑ tmənt/ noun a (actual amounts multiplied by a general | price index). Also called constant pur- department which deals with customers and their complaints and orders chasing power customise / k stəmaiz/, customize customise current ratio / k rənt reiʃiəυ/ noun a current ratio verb to change something to fit the special ratio of current assets to current liabilities needs of a customer We use customised showing if a company may not be able to computer terminals. meet its immediate debts customs / k stəmz/ plural noun the gov- customs current value / k rənt v lju / noun a current value ernment department which organises the figure that represents the amount by which collection of taxes on imports, or an office of current assets are greater than current liabil- this department at a port or airport He was ities stopped by customs. Her car was searched current value accounting / k rənt current value accounting by customs. v lju ə kaυntiŋ/ noun a reassessment of | Customs and Excise / k stəmz ən Customs and Excise the value of assets and liabilities eksaiz/ noun a former UK government current year / k rənt jiə/ noun the year current year department which organised the collection in which an accounting period falls Under of taxes on imports and also collected VAT. self-assessment, income is taxed on a cur- It merged with the Inland Revenue to form rent year basis – i.e. it is taxed in the year in HM Revenue & Customs in 2005. which it is received. customs barrier / k stəmz b riə/ customs barrier current yield / k rənt ji ld/ noun a div- current yield noun any provision intended to make trade idend calculated as a percentage of the cur- more difficult, e.g. a high level of duty rent price of a share on the stock market customs broker / k stəmz brəυkə/ customs broker curve /k v/ noun a line which is not curve noun a person or company that takes goods straight, e.g. a line on a graph The graph through customs for a shipping company shows an upward curve. customs clearance / k stəmz customs clearance cushion / kυʃ(ə)n/ noun money which cushion kliərəns/ noun 1. the act of passing goods allows a company to pay interest on its bor- through customs so that they can enter or rowings or to survive a loss We have sums leave the country 2. a document given by on deposit which are a useful cushion when customs to a shipper to show that customs cash flow is tight. duty has been paid and the goods can be custodian /k stəυdiən/ noun a bank custodian shipped to wait for customs clearance | whose principal function is to maintain and customs declaration / k stəmz deklə customs declaration | grow the assets contained in a trust reiʃ(ə)n/ noun a statement showing goods being imported on which duty will have to custom / k stəm/ noun the use of a shop custom be paid to fill in a customs declaration by regular shoppers form customer / k stəmə/ noun a person or customer customs duty / k stəmz dju ti/ noun a customs duty company that buys goods The shop was tax on goods imported into a country full of customers. Can you serve this cus- customs entry point / k stəmz entri customs entry point tomer first please? She’s a regular cus- pɔint/ noun a place at a border between two tomer of ours. (NOTE: The customer may not countries where goods are declared to cus- be the consumer or end user of the prod- toms uct.) customs examination / k stəmz i customs examination ‘…unless advertising and promotion is | z mineiʃ(ə)n/ noun the inspection of done in the context of an overall customer goods or baggage by customs officials orientation, it cannot seriously be thought of as marketing’ [Quarterly Review of customs formalities / k stəmz fɔ customs formalities | Marketing] m litiz/ plural noun a declaration of goods customer profitability / k stəmə customer profitability by the shipper and examination of them by customs prɒfitə biliti/ noun the amount of profit | generated by each individual customer. Usu- customs officer / k stəmz ɒfisə/ noun customs officer ally a small percentage of customers gener- a person working for the customs depart- ate the most profit. ment of a country customer profitability analysis customs seal / k stəmz si l/ noun a seal customer profitability analysis customs seal / k stəm prɒfitə biliti ə n lisis/ noun attached by a customs officer to a box, to | | analysis of the revenues and costs associated show that the contents have not passed with particular customers through customs
- Accounting.fm Page 64 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM customs tariff 64 ‘Opec has on average cut production by customs tariff customs tariff / k stəmz t rif/ noun a one third since 1979’ [Economist] list of taxes to be paid on imported goods cut down (on) phrasal verb to reduce sud- customs union customs union / k stəmz ju njən/ denly the amount of something used The noun an agreement between several coun- government is cutting down on welfare ex- tries that goods can travel between them, penditure. The office is trying to cut down without paying duty, while goods from other on electricity consumption. We have in- countries have to pay special duties stalled networked computers to cut down on cut cut /k t/ noun 1. the sudden lowering of a paperwork. price, salary or the number of jobs price cutback / k tb k/ noun a reduction cutback cuts or cuts in prices he took a cut in sal- cutbacks in government spending ary, he took a salary cut he accepted a cut-off / k t ɒf/ noun a date and procedure cut-off lower salary 2. a share in a payment She for isolating the flow of cash and goods, introduces new customers and gets a cut of stocktaking and the related documentation, the sales rep’s commission. í verb 1. to to ensure that all aspects of a transaction are lower something suddenly We are cutting dealt with in the same financial period prices on all our models. We have taken CVP analysis / si vi pi ə n lisis/ CVP analysis out the second telephone line in order to try | noun same as cost-volume-profit analysis to cut costs. 2. to reduce the number of cycle / saik(ə)l/ noun a set of events which cycle something happen in a regularly repeated sequence ‘…state-owned banks cut their prime rates cyclical / siklik(ə)l/ adjective happening cyclical a percentage point to 11%’ [Wall Street in cycles Journal] cyclical factors / siklik(ə)l f ktəz/ cyclical factors ‘…the US bank announced a cut in its plural noun the way in which a trade cycle prime from 10½ per cent to 10 per cent’ affects businesses [Financial Times]
- Accounting.fm Page 65 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 1:40 PM D D/A abbreviation deposit account D/A dead money dead money / ded m ni/ noun money which is not invested to make a profit damages / d mid iz/ plural noun money damages claimed as compensation for harm done to deal deal /di l/ noun a business agreement, claim £1000 in damages to be liable for affair or contract The sales director set up damages to pay £25,000 in damages a deal with a Russian bank. The deal will be signed tomorrow. They did a deal with D & B abbreviation Dun & Bradstreet D&B an American airline. í verb to buy and sell danger money / deind ə m ni/ noun danger money to deal in leather or options to buy and extra money paid to employees in dangerous sell leather or options jobs The workforce has stopped work and dealer dealer / di lə/ noun 1. a person who buys asked for danger money. He decided to go and sells a used-car dealer 2. a person or to work on an oil rig because of the danger firm that buys or sells on their own account, money offered as an incentive. not on behalf of clients Datastream / deitəstri m/ noun a data Datastream system available online, giving information dealing dealing / di liŋ/ noun 1. the business of about securities, prices, stock exchange buying and selling on the Stock Exchange, transactions, etc. commodity markets or currency markets dealing for or within the account buying date of bill / deit əv bil/ noun a date date of bill shares and selling the same shares during an when a bill will mature account, which means that the dealer has date of maturity / deit əv mə tjυəriti/ date of maturity | only to pay the difference between the price noun same as maturity date of the shares bought and the price obtained date of record / deit əv rekɔ d/ noun date of record for them when they are sold 2. the business the date when a shareholder must be regis- of buying and selling goods tered to qualify for a dividend dear money dear money / diə m ni/ noun money date stamp / deit st mp/ noun a stamp date stamp which has to be borrowed at a high interest with rubber figures which can be moved, rate, and so restricts expenditure by compa- used for marking the date on documents nies. Also called tight money dawn raid /dɔ n reid/ noun a sudden dawn raid death benefit death benefit / deθ benifit/ noun insur- planned purchase of a large number of a ance benefit paid to the family of someone company’s shares at the beginning of a day’s who dies in an accident at work trading (NOTE: Up to 15% of a company’s death duty death duty / deθ dju ti/ noun same as shares may be bought in this way, and the inheritance tax purchaser must wait for seven days before purchasing any more shares. Sometimes a death in service death in service / deθ in s vis/ noun dawn raid is the first step towards a takeo- an insurance benefit or pension paid when ver of the target company.) someone dies while employed by a company day book / dei bυk/ noun a book with an day book death tax death tax / deθ t ks/ noun same as account of sales and purchases made each inheritance tax day debenture debenture /di bentʃə/ noun agreement to | DCF abbreviation discounted cash flow DCF repay a debt with fixed interest using the DD abbreviation direct debit DD company’s assets as security The bank holds a debenture on the company. dead account / ded ə kaυnt/ noun an dead account | account which is no longer used debenture bond debenture bond /di bentʃə bɒnd/ noun | dead loss / ded lɒs/ noun a total loss dead loss US 1. a certificate showing that a debenture The car was written off as a dead loss. has been issued 2. an unsecured loan
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