COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

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Transforms information about stellar and planetary positions into information about important dates and events (harvests, etc).

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Nội dung Text: COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION

COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION  HISTORY  METHODS OF DEALING WITH DATA  GENERATIONS  MANUFACTURERS  WIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION
TYPES OF COMPUTERS IN HISTORY • Pre-mechanical computers • Mechanical computers • Electronic computers • Optical computers • Biological computers
Pre-mechanical computers • an example of a computer with no moving parts • transforms information about stellar and planetary positions into information about important dates and events (harvests, etc.) Stonehenge
Mechanical computers early designs for more traditional Abacus computers - based on mechanical techniques. Slide rule
Electronic computers
Optical computers • current research in computer architecture includes much work on the design of computers which use light beams to perform computation; these machines should be smaller, faster and cooler than current electronic machines
Biological computers • computers based on DNA: problems are encoded on strands of DNA which are mixed in solution and react to form DNA-coded answers
COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION HISTORY TWO BASIC KINDS GENERATIONS MANUFACTURERS WIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION
ANALOG COMPUTER 1. Analog computers measure the continuous change in something – Current in a wire – Movement of the tide – Rate at which a wheel turns 2. More complicated to build than digital computers 3. Analog computers are very rare today
DIGITAL COMPUTERS 1. Use discrete numbers (whole digits) to control the electrical circuits 2. Built of switches that are either on or off – Can not have values in-between 0 or 1 like the analog computer – 1 turns the switch on – 0 turns the switch off 1. Almost all computers built today are digital computers
COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION HISTORY TWO BASIC KINDS GENERATIONS MANUFACTURERS WIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION
First Generation - Vacuum Tubes 1. From 1946 to 1956 • did from 2,000 to 16,000 additions per second • Had main memory 100 bytes to 2 kilobytes 2. Used vacuum tubes 3. Very large machines • special rooms to house them with air conditioning • specially trained technicians to run & maintain
Second Generation - Transistors 1. From 1959 to around 1965 2. Smaller, faster, and more reliable  used transistors  6,000 to 3,000,000 operations/s  main memory 6 kilobytes to 1.3 megabytes  Contained in four cabinets about 6 feet high by 4 feet wide, each weighing 250 pounds 1. one-tenth the price of a 1st Generation 2. become common in larger businesses and universities
Third Generation - Integrated Circuits 1. Form 1965 to around 1972 2. Used integrated circuits – many transistors on one piece of silicon 3. Smaller, faster, more reliable, and lower in price – Size of a stove or refrigerator, some can fit on desktops – Can do 100,000 to 400,000,000 operations per second – Cost about one-tenth the amount of second generation computers 4. Computers become very common in medium to large businesses
Fourth Generation - Microprocessors 1. From 1972 until now 2. Used large scale to very large scale integrated circuits – Put more than one IC on a silicon chip – Can do more than one function 1. smaller, faster, more reliable, and lower in price – Size of a television or much smaller – Can do 500,000 to 1,000,000,000 operations/second – Cost one-tenth, or less, the amount of third generation 1. very common in homes and business
Future Computer Generations 1. Most likely the following will happen to computer technology – It will become lower in price – Computers will become smaller and faster – Computers will have larger memories and more storage space 2. Computers will become an integral part of everyone's life
COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION HISTORY TWO BASIC KINDS GENERATIONS MANUFACTURERS WIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION
COMPUTER TYPES CRITERIA OF CLASSIFICATION HISTORY TWO BASIC KINDS GENERATION MANUFACTURER WIDELY ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION
WIDELY ACCEPTED WAYS • SIZE (Early days): mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer. • SIZE (Now): Floortop, Desktop, Laptop, Palmtop, Wearable. • POWER: Supercomputer, server, enterprise server (mainframe), mid-range server (minicomputer), PC.
PC • computer designed for general use by a single person. • PCs were first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses.