Đáp án Thi hết môn Dịch đại cương

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Tài liệu thông tin đến quý độc giả đáp án thi hết môn Dịch đại cương với 51 câu hỏi; giúp các bạn có thêm tư liệu tham khảo phục vụ quá trình học tập, củng cố kiến thức vượt qua kì thi với kết quả như mong đợi.

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ĐÁP ÁN THI HẾT MÔN DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG 1. What is generally understood as translation involves the ……………..of a source language text into the target text. a. telling b. talking c. rendering Câu trả lời đúng d. playing 2. The structures of …………………………………. will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the target language structure will be seriously distorted. a. Clause b. the source language Câu trả lời đúng c. target d. sentence 3. The manner in which the target reader responds to the target text must be the same as that in which the source reader responded to …………………………………… a. The target text b. The full text c. The final text d. the source text. Câu trả lời đúng 4. A satisfactory translation is always possible, but a good translator is never satisfied …………..it. a. for b. About c. Of d. With Câu trả lời đúng 5. Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and ……………………… a. many other topics crucial to good translation. Câu trả lời đúng 1
b. A lot of work to do c. Other fields to complete the process. d. To give translator a chance 6. Since the mid1970s the name ‘Translation Studies’ has been adopted to indicate that the ……. is not just a minor branch of comparative literary study, nor yet a specific area of linguistics, but a vastly complex field . a. Field of translation b. Way of translating c. study of translation Câu trả lời đúng d. Method of translation 7. Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (………………………), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies. a. Second language b. source language Câu trả lời đúng c. First language d. Another language 8. Translation is the ………………. of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. a. Replaced b. Replaceable c. Replacement Câu trả lời đúng d. Replacing 9. Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life. So far, there have been ……………………………………definitions of translation. a. 20 b. 17 c. 18 d. many Câu trả lời đúng 2
10. Practically, whether …………………is termed as ‘Translation Theory’ or ‘Translation Studies’ it culminates with the theory on proper principles of translation. a. The interest in traslation b. The usefulness of translation c. the study of translation Câu trả lời đúng d. The practice of translation 11. The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic competence by ..……………………………………………………… ……… a. Practising more and more b. Encouraging them to work more c. means of the target language products. Câu trả lời đúng d. Asking some questions 12. Translating must aim primarily at …………………………………….To do anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator. a. Practising rendering texts. b. “reproducing the message.” Câu trả lời đúng c. Choosing the right word choice d. Correcting all the words and phrases. 13. The forms are ……………… to as the surface structure of a language. Chọn một câu trả lời: a. refer b. Reference c. Referred Câu trả lời đúng d. Referring 14. In the other theory of translation, the predominant purpose is………. , but rather moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering. a. To do the translation as quickly as possible b. To convey the meaning of the whole text c. to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all Câu trả lời đúng 3
d. To replace the new text with its direct meanings 15. There are a variety of cultural elements to take into …………….. when starting a translation. a. Considered b. Consider . c. Considering d. consideration Câu trả lời đúng 16. The linguistic approaches basically saw translating as ………………… a. An authentic way of expressing ideas. b. a codeswitching operation. Câu trả lời đúng c. A subject of study d. A good way of communication 17. Translation it must be conceived as an integral communicative ……… ……………………………. a. performing b. Performative c. Performed d. Performance Câu trả lời đúng 18. What the interpreter is unable to grasp in his first and only confrontation with the text is …………….forever. a. disappeared b. lose c. Lost Câu trả lời đúng d. Losing 19. The translator is the initial knower of two languages, or more, who ……………..the ability to move between two languages. a. have b. Has Câu trả lời đúng c. Had d. Having 4
20. ………….is the interpreter of the source text, and the producer of the final interpretation which determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read. a. The reseacher b. The writer c. The translator Câu trả lời đúng d. The teacher 21. ……………sits next to or behind his "client" doing a great variety of activities under different names: “community interpreting", "public service interpreting", "hospital interpreting", "mental health interpreting" and "social service interpreting" a. The translator b. The interpreter Câu trả lời đúng c. The analyst d. The operator 22. The language of translation is perceived from the translated text, …………………….the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the translator's abilities. a. Understanding b. reflecting Câu trả lời đúng c. practising d. Interacting 23. The source text is the text which has been chosen for translation. The translator cannot, without a good reason, change any……………….. a. Meaning of the text b. part of the source text. Câu trả lời đúng c. Topic of the text d. Element of the text 24. This means that the translator has, ………………….the pressure of deadlines, more time than the interpreter (especially the simultaneous interpreter) to process the source text thoroughly . a. In spite 5
b. though c. although d. Despite Câu trả lời đúng 25. The translator is supposed to be beyond the influences of the social and …………. environment of any of the two languages. a. Cultivation b. Culture c. Cultivate d. Cultural Câu trả lời đúng 26. To have interpretation as precise as possible, they should make regular shorter breaks to enable the interpreters …………………….the message in the same spirit. a. To justify b. To change c. to relay Câu trả lời đúng d. To reproduce 27. The readers to whom the ………………….. text is addressed are native or nonnative users of the target language. a. Translate b. translating c. translation d. Translated Câu trả lời đúng 28. The translated text is the actual definite material, …………has been produced by conveying the meaning of a source text in terms of another language and culture. a. What b. When c. Which Câu trả lời đúng d. Where 29. The translator is ………… …………………………….element in translation, since the study of translation and the language of translation is no more than the study of the translator's linguistic ability 6
a. the most important Câu trả lời đúng b. The only c. an unimportant d. A small 30. For simultaneous interpretation, microphones, earphones and a booth are necessary ………………. a. Electrical devices b. technical equipment. Câu trả lời đúng c. Machines d. Domestic tools 31. The translator's judgments, strategies and manipulations ……………… all potentially exist in the translator's interpretation of the source text and the formulation of the translated text which is governed by the target language. a. Does b. Done c. Do Câu trả lời đúng d. Did 32. There is some unusuality or ……………………. in the target language. a. Natural b. Nature c. Unnaturalness Câu trả lời đúng d. unnatural 33. Adaptation is a highly free type of translation. Here the focus is on sociocultural phenomena or ………………that are absent in the target culture. a. practices Câu trả lời đúng b. Drillings c. Trainings d. Works 7
34. The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context a. closely Câu trả lời đúng b. close c. Closeness d. Closing 35. The number of words and the sentence length may vary, depending on the ……………….……………… of the translator when he/she adds explanations or comments to make clear the meaning of the original. a. Subjectivity Câu trả lời đúng b. Object c. Subject d. Complement 36. ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context . a. Semantic translation b. Communicative translation c. Faithful translation d. Literal translation Câu trả lời đúng 37. In the history of translation development there have been a great number of terms: literal, free, literary, nonliterary, borrowing, equivalence, figurative, so on ……………………. a. And so hot b. and so forth. Câu trả lời đúng c. And so far d. And so long 38. Faithful translation can be described as one kind of translation which tries ……………………..………… of words and context situation according to the grammar rules of the target language. a. to convey the meanings Câu trả lời đúng b. To change the meanings 8
c. To find out the menaings d. To create the meanings 39. A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the original length, depending ……………………… a. with specific situations. b. Of specific situations. c. for specific situations. d. on specific situations. Câu trả lời đúng 40. It is also very useful for the translator to understand and analyze the original text before ………….………………….. it into the target language. a. translating Câu trả lời đúng b. Exchanging c. Turning d. Changing 41. The classifications of translation types are many according to different points of view, based on either structure, function, or …………. a. Meaningfulness b. Meaning c. Meanings d. semantics of language. Câu trả lời đúng 42. The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has subject and ……………………..as indispensible elements; the complement, object and adverbial are optional: a. verb patterns b. Verb phrase c. Verb form d. verb predicate Câu trả lời đúng 43. In some cases a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the English sentence may ……………… that it is the subject of the sentence: a. make the translator feel confusing b. make the translator misunderstand Câu trả lời đúng 9
c. make the translator get confusing d. make the translator understand 44. As for noun phrases (NP), the noun (common noun: love, proper noun: Mai, and pronoun: you) is ………of the phrase. a. Head Câu trả lời đúng b. Arm c. Leg d. Hand 45. In English, the …………….. phrase can be used after a verb, an adjective, or a noun and depend on them. a. prepositions b. prepositionally c. Prepositional Câu trả lời đúng d. preposition 46. Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the Source Language texts ………….. as to suit the Target Language grammar rules. a. in several ways b. in such a way c. in many ways d. in such ways Câu trả lời đúng 47. Syntactical forms which …………. used to express grammatical meanings of the verb in English sentences are obligatory, a. Has been b. are Câu trả lời đúng c. Is d. been 48. The translator should remember …..……. the zero article with plural count nouns in English to mean generally a. to use Câu trả lời đúng b. Use 10
c. Using d. Usage 49. ………..in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns, proper names, toinfinitives, gerunds, or clauses a. The subject Câu trả lời đúng b. The predicate c. The clause d. The adverb 50. As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!) never by a comma (,) …………………….. a. at the beginning in writing b. at the end in writing Câu trả lời đúng c. by the end in writing d. In the middle in writing 51. In EnglishVietnamese translation of the predicate verb, the meanings of time and aspect can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp, đang... a. Suitable b. Correspond Câu trả lời đúng c. Respond d. Go CÁC CÂU BỔ SUNG ĐÁP ÁN LTTN1 Translation should ensure that the ..... meaning of surface the two will be approximately similar. It is a structural part of language which is actually speech seen in print or heard in .......... At the beginning of the 1970s, the focus shifted To from the word or phrase …………..the text as a unit of translation. 11
Translation theory includes ……….for translating Principles figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation. Translation, by dictionary definition, consists of one’s own changing from one state or form to another, to turn into ………………or another’s language. Translating may be defined as the process of Transforming ……………………signs or representations into other signs or representations. The sourcelanguage content, form, style, function, to preserve etc. must be preserved, or at least that the translation must seek …….......them as far as possible. In ……….the form of the source language is Translation replaced by the form of the receptor/target language. The translator must strive for equivalence rather the reproduction of the than identity. In a sense this is just another way of message emphasizing …………....…rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance The theory of translation involves normative how not to translate. approaches, putting a strong emphasis on prescribing to translators how to and …………… to translate means “……………... a text in a target to produce setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances". The choice of the right word in the receptor on the context language to translate a word in the sourcelanguage text depends more …………than upon a fixed system of verbal consistency. Translation Studies, indeed a discipline in its own to produce a right, aims ………………………….which can be comprehensive theory used as a guideline for the production of translations. Translation has become popular in language definitions learning and daily life. So far, there have been many …….. of translation, 12
The linguistic approaches basically …………….. Saw translating as a codeswitching operation. The translator discovers the meaning behind the in the target language forms in the source language and does his best to produce the same meaning ………. The predominant purpose of theories of translation to express as exactly as is ………….… of every word and phrase in the possible the full force and original. meaning Translation may be defined as follows: the equivalent material replacement of textual material in one language (Source Ianguage.) by …………………. in another language (Target Language). Translation is the expression in another language semantic and stylistic (target language) of what has been expressed in one equivalencies. language (source language), preserving……………… LTTN2 The language of translation is ………………. from Perceived the translated text, reflecting the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the translator's abilities. A consecutive interpreter is one whose job is to has been said change what ……….in one language into another language. ………to whom the translated text is addressed are The readers native or nonnative users of the target language. The target language is the language into which a text ………………from another language is translated. …………. is the language to which the text to be The source language translated belongs. In other words, the source language is prior to translation. In addition…………..the changes resulting from the To movement from one language to another, translation necessarily changes the receiver or addressee of the text. compared with ……………text, the target language the source language translated text may be so long, longer, or even 13
shorter and may have new features which may not be found in the source language. The translator is unable to change any aspect of the the source language. source language. Rather, many aspects of the translator's work are conditioned and determined by……… whereas the interpreter is faced with a unique, orally the possibility delivered text, the translator has ……………………of "flicking back" through the permanently available written text. The source language, as has been seen earlier, is not Start only the very central and initial point for the …………….of the translation process but also is the background for all translation processes. During preparations for Interpretation simultaneous………………….., the interpreters’ booth, if not fixed, should be positioned so that the interpreters can see the speakers. A simultaneous translator changes what is being said ……………………in one language into another language as someone is speaking. If the source text is taken to be the starting point of the translation process. the translation process, then the translated text is the text which results from ……… The producer of the final interpretation Which …………………… determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read. A VietnameseEnglish translated text should follow and the language rules……………. socialcultural features of the English not Vietnamese language and vice versa. Today, roughly speaking, three ………………….of Forms interpreting are practiced: liaison, consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. Typically, two interpreters are placed together in a interpret them directly. booth, and they follow an audiotransmission of speeches and ……… The translator, like the linguist who …………..all takes 14
human languages to be on an equal footing, is among the first candidate to be liberated from the dominance of one language/culture The translated text is the actual definite material, conveying the meaning which has been produced by ……………………..of a source text in terms of another language and culture. The presentation here is conducted in a systematic Somewhat manner with ………………….. restricted interactivity and closeness and much faster than consecutive interpretation. Mastery of the source language is a …………….for Must the translator, since this mastery is the key to his/her readings and interpretations of the text to be translated. The translator has to think over his/her translation to social suit a reader according to the reader’s social norms in the target language, so the language of translation is ………… LTTN3 ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical Literal translation structures and the meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context . In other words, adaptation translation aims to create Applicable an equivalence of the same value ……………………. to a different situation. As indicated by the word “free”, free translation on content (sometimes dynamic translation) focuses more ……...than form in the target language Communicative translation gives high priority to the its intended meaning message communicated in the text where the actual form of the original is not closely bound to ……… Gist translation can be used in language learning situations (using the same language) ………at a to summarize a written written test text …………… translation (or sometimes Word for word direct/interlinear translation) focuses on translating 15
words from the source text into the target language while the word order of the original is preserved. Different strategies or different methods of Different translation produce ………………. kinds of translation. when meeting for the first time, Especially …………………………..when introduced to a guest, English people often say: How do you do? as a greeting In this situation the translator’s task is recreate some to convey form of language ………………………. the same meaning. Adaptation can also be considered a translation does not exist technique used when the context in the original text ……..…… in the Target Text culture. “business is business” could be translated Freely …………... as …………….is based on the meaning of the text Idiomatic translation which aims to produce the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by using idioms and colloquialism where there do n ot exist in the original. ………..is characterized by keeping the main Gist translation idea/gist of a text, omitting all of its supporting details and subsidiary arguments. The translator tries to come as close as possible to conveyed. the meaning conveyed by the words, by means of word order change or word choice so that the true meaning is…………… A text could be translated into anything, ranging original from one sentence to usually one third of the …………………length, depending on specific situations. It goes without saying that all the types of be translation mentioned above may ………….. justified in particular circumstances. Literal force is of course inevitably lost in these by means of faithfulness cases and the best that can be achieved is ……....to 16
the pragmatic function of the TL cultural reference or practice. The meaning of words are translated almost as closely ……………… as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context Idiomatic translation can be applied to the English Exactly sentence that describes the degree of the sameness of the two girls’ appearance “ They look ………….. the same” Adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence the same value of ………. applicable to a different situation than that of the source language. Sometimes the grammar structure or the form of the change words in the target language may ……………… In English, the negation of the verb in the first the negation of the verb clause stands for ………….in the following clause. Semantic translation focuses to a great degree on meaning (semantic ……………..and form (syntax) of the original texts content) of high status It is also very useful for the translator to understand ……………………and analyze the original text before translating it into the target language. LTTN4 Concept is used in this section to refer not to the To form (word) but only ……… the meaning in any given language. However, grammatical words in general and articles particular and prepositions in ………………..might cause headache to translators. ...............meaning is also referred to as conceptual, denotative cognitive or propositional meaning, but the sense is the same. It is clear that words are ……..….of by morphemes. made up For example, the word “book” has one morpheme and “books” two morphemes Connotation is subjective by the language users, and many factors can be influenced by …………… 17
Translators should use procedures of tranposition to Head render from the Source Language texts ………..as to suit the Target Language grammar rules. The classification of words in Vietnamese does not classification seem to be so distinctive: word classes do not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the sentence. English prepositions are usually single words in, at, However on...; …………, there are some prepositions that look like a phrase, phasal prepositions: because of, in spite of... The …………………………….in the English verb predicate sentence usually stands right after the subject, giving information about the subject. The translator should try ………..in the text those to find differences (usually by underlining) both in linguistic and cultural aspects between the source and target language There is any place where information has been subtracted added, omitted, or subtracted Certain strategies ………………… those to deal with differences; for example, certain expressions or key terms in their texttobe need to be selected. If any key words are …………….., the text will Changed need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change made. Once the translation is completed, the translator when possible should revise it, rarely fewer than three times and, ………….., with a time lapse (after hours or even days) between revisions. Translators should define both subject and verb the same predicate at …………….. time if they want to translate a sentence. There is no article in Vietnamsese whereas the Use ………….of article: indefinite articles a, an, definite article the, or zero article is a must in English noun phrases. Coordinating conjuctions are only in midposition subordinating 18
whereas ………………………conjunctions can be in initial or midposition in the sentence. A sentence is a group of words conveying a in "finite" forms. complete idea which normally contain a subject and a verb predicate ..... As can be seen from above, the English sentence is at the end in writing mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!), never by a comal (,) ............... It is ………………..that in an English sentence the Obligatory predicate verb (V) be in finite forms, the predicate agreeing with the subject in person and number He or she reformulates the translation according to word usage the grammar rules, …………….., cultural norms in the target language. Every text has a set of words which ………… to the are crucial content and correct communication of the theme. KTTN1+2 In word formation, morphemes which occur at the prefixes front of a word are called .... In word formation, morphemes which occur at the Suffixes end of a word are called……………… English vocabulary mostly consists in single word, the amount but ....... of multilword vocabulary is not small. While the source text is addressed to a certain Readership …………………, the translated text changes this factor in the situation of the language event to new readers in a new language. Meaning components are ‘packaged’ differently in to be able one language from another. That is why the translator needs …………… to analyze the lexical items (words) of the source text in order to translate them. literal meaning is direct, denoting what words mean dictionary usage according to ……………………….., figurative meaning is indirect, connoting/implying some information 19
There will be words which …………….some of the have meaning components combined in them matching a word which has these components with some additional ones. Semantically, the meaning of a word includes a into number of meaning components classified as things, events, attributes or relations which are combined ………………lexical items. It may then be possible to translate with a word in equivalent to the receptor language which is ………………… the central concept and use a phrase to add a further definition. When a word has one morpheme, the morpheme Free/root belongs to the ……………….. category girl, house, do... which cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units. There are some word classes that are only typical in Syntactic functions certain languages, so the number of word classes in all languages is not similar and their ………are not the same. Polysemes can be compared with homonyms, which Unrelated are words with several …………………meanings Vietnamese is a ………….language. Vietnamese noninflectional words do not change their forms. LTTH Things are defined as all animate beings and all And inanimate entities. Events include all actions, processes, ……….. experiences. The translator must guard against trying to match parts of speech ………………….. from language to language, since each language has its own system for arranging concepts into different parts of speech. Translators have to make sure that they understand ………………….a text well in the original language “How” refers to whether the text is written in a Informal formal or …………way which is influenced by the content of the original text, by the situation of 20