Đề tài " Energy Sector Liberalisationand Privatisation in Thailand - Tự do hóa ngành năng lượng và Tư nhân ở Thái Lan "

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Vì không có Bộ Năng lượng Thái Lan, trách nhiệm liên quan đến năng lượng nằm rải rác khắp 9 Bộ. Các Hội đồng Chính sách năng lượng quốc gia (NEPC) có trách nhiệm xác định chính sách năng lượng. Các Văn phòng Chính sách năng lượng quốc gia (NEPO) hoạt động như các thư ký của NEPC. NEPO cam kết chính sách cũng như công tác quản lý....

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Nội dung Text: Đề tài " Energy Sector Liberalisationand Privatisation in Thailand - Tự do hóa ngành năng lượng và Tư nhân ở Thái Lan "

Energy Sector Liberalisation and Privatisation in Thailand by Piyasvasti Amranand Inspector General, Office of the Prime Minister APEC Energy Working Group Implementation Facilitation Team to Thailand (IFAT) A Followup Workshop Karon Villa & Karon Royal Wing 1718 August 2000 National Energy Policy Office
Management of the Energy Sector • Since there is no Energy Ministry in Thailand, responsibilities related to energy are scattered across 9 Ministries. • The National Energy Policy Council (NEPC) is responsible for determining energy policy. • The National Energy Policy Office (NEPO) acts as the secretariat to the NEPC. NEPO undertakes policy as well as regulatory work. • In the near future, an independent regulatory authority will be established for the electricity and natural gas sectors. National Energy Policy Office
Objectives of Reform • Increase competition to achieve efficiencies and ensure supply at reasonable prices • Promote more efficient energy use • Reduce the government investment burden • Ensure best possible service, price and safety standards • Encourage public participation • Develop the capital market • Optimise the value of the public’s stake in the sector National Energy Policy Office
Implementation of ESI Deregulation • The process started in 1992 and effort over 1992 2000 has concentrated on introduction of competition at the generation level – New Investment : Small Power Producer (SPP), Independent Power Producer (IPP) programs and power purchase from Lao PDR – Existing Asset : Initial Public Offering (IPO) of EGCO in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) and sale of 14.9% to China Light and Power • Development of a long term structure for ESI in 1992 with updates in 1996, 1998 and 2000 National Energy Policy Office
Implementation of ESI Deregulation (con’t) • The latest plan approved by NEPC on 13 July 2000 provides a detailed road map of reform over the next 5 years • Restructuring under the current plan – Privatisation of Ratchaburi Power Plant (2000) – Privatisation of EGAT’s Thermal Power Plants (2003) – Establishment of a power pool and independent regulatory body (2002/3) – Introduction of retail competition (2003) – Restructuring of MEA and PEA National Energy Policy Office
Regulations to Purchase Power from SPP • Cogeneration & Renewable – Cogen: Efficiency >45% and steam >10% – Renewable: May use up to 25% commercial energy • Direct sale to third party outside regulations • Each sale into transmission system not greater than 60 MW (90 MW on case by case) National Energy Policy Office
Status of the SPP Program • As of June 2000, 95 proposals had been submitted with total capacity for sale of 4,646 MW • NEPC has approved the purchase of up to 3,200 MW from SPP projects by EGAT • As of June 2000, 52 proposals had been accepted with total capacity for sale of 2,136 MW and 1 proposal is still waiting for approval with capacity for sale of 3 MW – 50 contracts signed – 2 contracts under negotiation – 1 proposal under consideration National Energy Policy Office
Status of SPP Projects (con’t) • 41 projects are already in operation with total generation capacity of 2,883 MW and total sale to EGAT of 1,580 MW. • It is estimated that 2 projects (capacity : 510 MW, sale : 130 MW) would not be completed, bringing the amount of power purchase by EGAT down to 2,006 MW. • Of the 2,006 MW, 1,828 MW is firm energy. • The surprisingly high success rate is due to capital injection by a number of foreign strategic partners eg. CMS, Sithe Energy, Ogden, National Power, Air Products, Tractebel, Fortum and Heat Oy National Energy Policy Office
SPP Proposals Classified by Type of Fuel (as of June 2000) Number of Generating Sale to Projects Capacity ( MW) EGAT ( MW) Commercial Energy Natural Gas 22 2,863 1,588 Fuel Oil 1 10 9 Coal 7 760 386 Sub Total 30 3,633 1,983 Renew able Energy Bagasse 15 316 71 Paddy Husk, 6 126 57 Wood chips Black Liquor 1 33 25 Sub Total 22 475 153 Total 52 4,108 2,136 National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from SPP (as of June 2000) Firm Non Firm Total Proposals Submitted Number of projects 67 28 95 Generating Capacity ( MW) 7,686.8 665.4 8,352.2 Sale to EGAT ( MW) 4,459.9 186.3 4,646.2 Received notification of acceptance Number of projects 30 22 52 Generating Capacity ( MW) 3,496.9 611.3 4,108.2 Sale to EGAT ( MW) 1,958.4 177.6 2,136 Contract Signed Number of projects 30 20 50 Generating Capacity ( MW) 3,496.9 556.4 4,053.3 Sale to EGAT ( MW) 1,958.4 149.6 2,107.9 Supply pow er to the grid 22 19 41 National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from IPP’s • EGAT issued requests for proposals 15 December 1994, with proposals submitted 30 June 1995 • Capacity Requirement – 1996 2000 1,700 MW – 2001 2002 3,500 MW – 2003 600 MW – Total 5,800 MW • Type of Fuel – Nonconventional energy, except nuclear Natural Gas – Coal Orimulsion • Locations – Central Region: Saraburi, Lopburi, Ang Thong, Singburi, Ayutthaya, Nakhon Nayok – Western Coast: Prachuap Khiri Khan, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram – Eastern Coast: Chonburi, Rayong, Prachinburi, Sa Kaeo National Energy Policy Office
First Round IPP Solicitation • Seven PPA’s signed – IPT (THAIOIL, Unocal, Westinghouse) – TECO (Texaco, Banpu, Edison Mission Energy) – Union Power (Union Energy, Tomen, IVO, CEPA) – Gulf Power (Gulf Electric, Mission Energy) – BLCP (Banpu, Loxley, Powergen) – BW2 (Hemaraj, Tractabel) – Eastern Power Bangbo (GMS, Marubeni, China Development Bank) National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from Lao PDR • MOU of 4 June 1993: Thailand agreed to purchase 1,500 MW of power from projects in Lao PDR • Second MOU of 19 June 1996: Thailand agreed to increase purchase to 3,000 MW • Lao PDR also agreed to support passage of transmission system from the third country, Thailand can purchase power from Yunnan in the future National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from Lao PDR Project MW I nvestors COD Projects w ith PPA Nam TheunHinboun 187 Lao PDR, Nordic, MDX 3/ 98 Houay Ho 126 Lao PDR, Daew oo, Loxley 9/ 99 HOA & PPA under negotiation Nam Ngum 3 430 Lao PDR, MDX 12/ 2006 Nam Ngum 2 553 Shlapak, Bilfinger & Berger, Voith, Noell, 12/ 2006 Siemens, Ch. Karnchang, Sri UThong Nam Theun 2 920.4 Lao PDR, Transfield EDF, I talthai Jasmine, 12/ 2006 Phatra No Negotiation of HOA & PPA Hongsa Lignite ( Stage 1) 608 ThaiLao Lignite 3/ 2008 Xe Kaman 1 407 HydroElectric Commission Enterprise 3/ 2008 Corporation Xe Pien Xe Nam Noi 365 Lao PDR, Dong Ah, ThaiLao Hydropow er, 3/ 2008 I ntertrade Total 3,596 National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from China • MOU signed 12 November 1998 for purchase of 3000 MW from China by 2017. • ADB estimates that Yunnan Province, P.R. China, has hydropower generating capability of 90,000 MW. • Lancang (Mekong) River has total potential of 22,260 MW. Manwan (1,500 MW) is already in operation. 2nd dam under construction. • Possible project for power sale Jing Hong Project – Capacity: 1,500 MW, with 1,500 MW for sale to Thailand – Investor: GMS/Yunnan Electric National Energy Policy Office
Power Supply by Source (PDP 9902) Unit:MW 1997 % 2001 % 2007 % EGAT HYDRO 2,874 16.9 3,386 13.6 3,886 12.3 EGAT THERMAL 11,825 69.7 12,287 49.3 11,786 37.4 EGCO 2,056 12.1 2,056 8.2 2,056 6.5 RGCO 0 0.0 3,380 13.6 3,645 11.6 I PP 0 0.0 1,400 5.6 5,944 18.9 SPP 224 1.3 1,768 7.1 1,958 6.2 LAO PDR + 195 0.0 640 2.6 2,240 7.1 Malaysia TOTAL 16,979 100.0 24,917 100.0 31,515 100.0 National Energy Policy Office
Reform of Electricity Supply Industry • The Privatization Master Plan approved by Cabinet on 1 September 1998 provides high level road map. • In order to draw up a detailed framework and action plan, a revised reform plan was prepared. • The new Reform Plan was approved by the Cabinet on 25 July 2000. National Energy Policy Office
Reform Plan : Short Term ESI Structure (until 2001) SPPs EGAT IPPs Generation G • Power Purchase • System Operation OV Power Purchaser, EGAT • Transmission E System Operation, • Bulk Power Supply R and Transmission N M E Direct N Distribution/ PEA MEA Customers T Retail Supply END END Users Users National Energy Policy Office
Reform Plan : Medium Term ESI Structure (2002) SPPs Powergens IPPs Generation Power Purchase R EGAT System Operation E Power Purchaser, Transmission G System Operation, Hydro Generation U and Transmission L A Direct T PEA MEA Customers O Distribution/ R Retail Supply END END Users Users National Energy Policy Office
Reform Plan : Long Term ESI Structure (2003/2004) Competitive GENCOs Generation Hydro Plants Companies s (GENCOs) Wholesale Power Pool R Independent System Operator E G Regulated Transmission Grid Company U Company L Distribution/ REDCO A (DISCOs) Distribution T Supply O Retail Supply R RetailCo Direct Customers Customers National Energy Policy Office