DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 1

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DICTIONARY OF NURSING
Specialist dictionaries Dictionary of Accounting 978 0 7136 8286 1 Dictionary of Agriculture 978 0 7136 7778 2 Dictionary of Aviation 978 0 7136 8734 7 Dictionary of Banking and Finance 978 0 7136 7739 3 Dictionary of Business 978 0 7136 7918 2 Dictionary of Computing 978 0 7475 6622 9 Dictionary of Economics 978 0 7136 8203 8 Dictionary of Environment and Ecology 978 0 7475 7201 5 Dictionary of Food Science and Nutrition 978 0 7136 7784 3 Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management 978 0 7136 8142 0 Dictionary of ICT 978 0 7475 6990 9 Dictionary of Information and Library Management 978 0 7136 7591 7 Dictionary of Law 978 0 7136 8318 9 Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism 978 0 7136 8545 9 Dictionary of Marketing 978 0 7475 6621 2 Dictionary of Media Studies 978 0 7136 7593 1 Dictionary of Medical Terms 978 0 7136 7603 7 Dictionary of Politics and Government 978 0 7475 7220 6 Dictionary of Publishing and Printing 978 0 7136 7589 4 Dictionary of Science and Technology 978 0 7475 6620 5 Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science 978 0 7136 7785 0 Easier English™ titles Easier English Basic Dictionary 978 0 7475 6644 1 Easier English Basic Synonyms 978 0 7475 6979 4 Easier English Intermediate Dictionary 978 0 7475 6989 3 Easier English Student Dictionary 978 0 7475 6624 3 Check Your English Vocabulary workbooks Academic English 978 0 7136 8285 4 Banking and Finance 978 0 7136 8250 2 Business and Administration 978 0 7136 7916 8 Computers and Information Technology 978 0 7136 7917 5 Human Resources 978 0 7475 6997 8 IELTS 978 0 7136 7604 4 Law 978 0 7136 7592 4 Living in the UK 978 0 7136 7914 4 Medicine 978 0 7136 7590 0 PET 978 0 7475 6627 4 Phrasal Verbs and Idioms 978 0 7136 7805 5 TOEFLÒ 978 0 7136 8414 8 TOEICÒ 978 0 7136 7508 5 Visit our website for full details of all our books: www.acblack.com
DICTIONARY OF NURSING second edition A & C Black London
First edition published in 2003 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. This second edition published 2007 by A&C Black Publishers Ltd 38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB Copyright © A&C Black 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publishers. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978 0 7136 8287 8 eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0206-0 Text Production and Proofreading Joel Adams, Sandra Anderson, Heather Bateman, Emma Djonokusumo, Ruth Hillmore, Daisy Jackson, Irene Lakhani, Sarah Lusznat, Katy McAdam, Howard Sargeant This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Text processed and typeset by A&C Black Printed in Spain by GraphyCems
Preface This fully-updated dictionary provides the user with a complete guide to the vocabulary in current use by nurses and other health care professionals. Over 11,000 terms are explained in clear, straightforward English. Areas covered include diseases and conditions, instruments, drugs, treatments and patient care, as well as medical specialisations such as surgery, psychiatry and physiotherapy. Many informal and everyday terms used by patients in describing their condition are also included. A useful supplement also contains a guide to anatomical terms, illustrated with clear and simple diagrams. Thanks are due to Glenda Cornwell, Rosemary Cook, Stephen Curtis, Fiona McIntosh, Lynn Davy and Dinah Jackson for their advice on the first edition of this text, and to Kathryn Jones for her helpful comments during the production of this second edition. Publishers’ Note: While every effort has been made to be as accurate as possible, the author, advisors, editors and publishers of this book cannot be held liable for any errors and omissions, or actions that may be taken as a consequence of using it.
Pronunciation The following symbols have been used to show the pronunciation of the main words in the dictionary. Stress is indicated by a main stress mark ( ) and a secondary stress mark ( ) . Note that these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to its position in the sentence. Vowels Consonants back buck b harm dead ɑ d stop other ɒ ð type jump ai d how fare aυ f hire gold aiə hour head aυə h course yellow ɔ j annoy cab ɔi k head leave e l fair mix eə m make nil ei n go sing ŋ eυ word print p keep rest r i happy save i s about shop ə ʃ fit take i t near change iə tʃ annual theft u θ pool value u v book work υ w tour loch υə x shut measure zone z
Nursing.fm Page 1 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM A AA operation that involves cutting out tissue in both AA abbreviation Alcoholics Anonymous the abdomen and the perineum A&E A & E / ei ənd i /, A & E department / ei ənd abdominoposterior abdominoposterior / b dɒminəυpɒ i di pɑ tmənt/ noun same as accident and | | | stiəriə/ adjective referring to a position of a emergency department fetus in the uterus, where the fetus’s abdomen is A & E medicine A & E medicine / ei ənd i med(ə)sin/ noun facing the mother’s back the medical procedures used in A & E depart- abdominoscopy abdominoscopy / b dɒmi nɒskəpi/ noun an ments | | internal examination of the abdomen, usually ab- ab- / b/ prefix away from with an endoscope ABC ABC / ei bi si / noun the basic initial checks of abdominothoracic abdominothoracic / b dɒminəυθɔ r sik/ a casualty’s condition. Full form airway, breath- | | adjective referring to the abdomen and thorax ing and circulation abduce abduce / b dju s/ verb same as abduct abdomen abdomen / bdəmən/ noun a space inside the | abducens nerve body below the diaphragm, above the pelvis and abducens nerve / b dju s(ə)nz n v/ noun | in front of the spine, containing the stomach, the sixth cranial nerve, which controls the muscle intestines, liver and other vital organs pain in which makes the eyeball turn outwards the abdomen (NOTE: For other terms referring to abducent abducent / b dju s(ə)nt/ adjective referring| the abdomen, see words beginning with coeli-, to a muscle which brings parts of the body away coelio-.) from each other or moves them away from the abdomin- abdomin- / bdɒmin/ prefix same as abdom- central line of the body or a limb. Compare addu- ino- (used before vowels) cent abdominal abdominal / b dɒmin(ə)l/ adjective located in abduct abduct / b d kt/ verb (of a muscle) to pull a | | the abdomen, or relating to the abdomen leg or arm in a direction which is away from the abdominal aorta centre line of the body, or to pull a toe or finger abdominal aorta / b dɒmin(ə)l ei ɔ tə/ | | away from the central line of a leg or arm. Com- noun the part of the aorta which lies between the pare adduct diaphragm and the point where the aorta divides into the iliac arteries. See illustration at KIDNEY in abduction abduction / b d kʃən/ noun the movement of | Supplement a part of the body away from the centre line of the abdominal cavity abdominal cavity / b dɒmin(ə)l k viti/ body or away from a neighbouring part. Opposite | adduction. See illustration at ANATOMICAL noun the space in the body below the chest TERMS in Supplement abdominal pain abdominal pain / b dɒmin(ə)l pein/ noun | abductor abductor / b d ktə/, abductor muscle / b pain in the abdomen caused by indigestion or | | d ktə m s(ə)l/ noun a muscle which pulls a more serious disorders part of the body away from the centre line of the abdominal viscera abdominal viscera / b dɒmin(ə)l visərə/ | body or away from a neighbouring part. Opposite plural noun the organs which are contained in the adductor abdomen, e.g. the stomach, liver and intestines aberrant aberrant / berənt/ adjective not usual or abdominal wall abdominal wall / b dɒmin(ə)l wɔ l/ noun | | expected muscular tissue which surrounds the abdomen aberration aberration / bə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun an action or abdomino- abdomino- / bdɒminəυ/ prefix referring to | growth which is not usual or expected the abdomen ablation ablation /ə bleiʃ(ə)n/ noun the removal of an abdominopelvic abdominopelvic / b dɒminəυ pelvik/ | | | organ or of a part of the body by surgery adjective referring to the abdomen and pelvis abnormal abdominoperineal abnormal / b nɔ m(ə)l/ adjective not usual abdominoperineal / b dɒminəυperi ni əl/ | | | abnormal behaviour an abnormal movement adjective referring to the abdomen and perineum abnormality abdominoperineal excision abdominoperineal excision abnormality / bnɔ m liti/ noun a form or / b dɒ | | | minəυperi ni əl ik si (ə)n/ noun a surgical condition which is not usual (NOTE: For other | |
Nursing.fm Page 2 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM abocclusion 2 wrongly Heroin and cocaine are drugs which terms referring to abnormality, see words begin- are commonly abused. 2. to treat someone badly ning with terat-, terato-.) sexually abused children He had physically abocclusion abocclusion / bɒ klu (ə)n/ noun a condi- | abused his wife and child. tion in which the teeth in the top and bottom jaws a.c. do not touch a.c. adverb (used on prescriptions) before food. Full form ante cibum abort abort /ə bɔ t/ verb to eject an embryo or fetus, | acanthosis or to cause an embryo or fetus to be ejected, and acanthosis /ə k n θəυsis/ noun a disease of | | so end a pregnancy before the fetus is fully devel- the prickle cell layer of the skin, where warts oped appear on the skin or inside the mouth abortifacient abortifacient /ə bɔ ti feiʃ(ə)nt/ noun a drug acapnia acapnia /ei k pniə/ noun the condition of not | | | or instrument which provokes an abortion having enough carbon dioxide in the blood and abortion tissues abortion /ə bɔ ʃ(ə)n/ noun a situation where a | fetus leaves the uterus before it is fully developed, acaricide acaricide /ə k risaid/ noun a substance which | especially during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy, kills mites or ticks or a procedure which causes this to happen acatalasia acatalasia /ei k tə leiziə/ noun an inherited | | abortive abortive /ə bɔ tiv/ adjective not successful condition which results in a lack of catalase in all | an abortive attempt tissue abortus abortus /ə bɔ təs/ noun a fetus which is accessory accessory /ək sesəri/ noun something which | | expelled during an abortion or miscarriage helps something else to happen or operate, but may not be very important in itself í adjective abortus fever abortus fever /ə bɔ təs fi və/ noun same as | brucellosis helping something else to happen or operate ABO system accident ABO system / ei bi əυ sistəm/ noun a sys- accident / ksid(ə)nt/ noun 1. an unpleasant tem of classifying blood groups. blood group event which happens suddenly and harms some- one’s health She had an accident in the kitchen abrasion abrasion /ə brei (ə)n/ noun a condition in | and had to go to hospital. Three people were which the surface of the skin has been rubbed off killed in the accident on the motorway. 2. chance, by a rough surface and bleeds or something which happens by chance I met abreaction abreaction / bri kʃən/ noun the treatment | her by accident at the bus stop. of a person with a neurosis by making him or her accidental injury accidental injury / ksident(ə)l ind əri/ think again about past bad experiences noun an injury that happens to someone in an abruptio placentae abruptio placentae /ə br ptiəυ plə senti / | | accident noun an occasion when the placenta suddenly accident and emergency department accident and emergency department comes away from the uterus earlier than it should, / ksid(ə)nt ənd i m d ənsi di pɑ tmənt/ often causing shock and bleeding | | noun the part of a hospital which deals with peo- abscess abscess / bses/ noun a painful swollen area ple who need urgent treatment because they have where pus forms She had an abscess under a had accidents or are in sudden serious pain. tooth. The doctor decided to lance the abscess. Abbreviation A & E (NOTE: The formation of an abscess is often accident form accident form / ksid(ə)nt fɔ m/, accident accompanied by a high temperature. The plural report form / ksid(ə)nt ri pɔ t fɔ m/ noun a is abscesses.) | form to be filled in with details of an accident absorbable suture absorbable suture /əb zɔ bəb(ə)l su tʃə/ | accident prevention noun a suture which will eventually be absorbed accident prevention / ksid(ə)nt pri | into the body, and does not need to be removed venʃən/ noun the work of taking action or changing procedures to prevent accidents from absorbent cotton absorbent cotton /əb zɔ bənt kɒt(ə)n/ | happening noun a soft white material used as a dressing to accident ward put on wounds accident ward / ksid(ə)nt wɔ d/ noun a ward for urgent accident victims. Also called absorption absorption /əb zɔ pʃən/ noun the process by | casualty ward which a liquid is taken into a solid accommodation accommodation /ə kɒmə deiʃ(ə)n/, accom- abstinence abstinence / bstinəns/ noun a deliberate act | | modation reflex /ə kɒmə deiʃ(ə)n ri fleks/ of not doing something over a period of time, | | noun (of the lens of the eye) the ability to focus especially not eating or drinking abstinence on objects at different distances, using the ciliary from alcohol muscle abulia abulia /ə bu liə/ noun a lack of willpower | accommodative squint accommodative squint /ə kɒmədeitiv abuse abuse noun /ə bju s/ 1. the act of using some- | | skwint/ noun a squint when the eye is trying to thing wrongly the abuse of a privilege 2. the focus on an object which is very close illegal use of a drug or overuse of alcohol sub- accouchement accouchement /ə ku ʃmɒŋ/ noun the time stance abuse 3. same as child abuse 4. bad treat- | ment of a person physical abuse sexual when a woman is being looked after because her abuse í verb /ə bju z/ 1. to use something baby is being born, or has just been born |
Nursing.fm Page 3 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 3 acid reflux accountability ache ache /eik/ noun a pain which goes on for a time, accountability /ə kaυntə biliti/ noun the state | | but is not very severe He complained of various of being responsible to someone else for an action aches and pains. í verb to have a pain in part of developing and maintaining standards of the body His tooth ached so much he went to accountability the dentist. accountable accountable /ə kaυntəb(ə)l/ adjective respon- | Achilles tendon Achilles tendon /ə kili z tendən/ noun a ten- sible to someone else for an action accountable | don at the back of the ankle which connects the to the public calf muscles to the heel and which acts to pull up accretion accretion /ə kri ʃ(ə)n/ noun a gradual increase | the heel when the calf muscle is contracted in size, as through growth or external addition achillorrhaphy achillorrhaphy / ki lɔ rəfi/ noun a surgical an accretion of calcium around the joint | operation to stitch a torn Achilles tendon acebutolol acebutolol / si bju təlɒl/ noun a drug which | achillotomy achillotomy / ki lɒtəmi/ noun a surgical reduces both the heart rate and how strongly the | operation to divide the Achilles tendon heart muscles contract, used in the treatment of high blood pressure and irregular heart rhythms achlorhydria achlorhydria / eiklɔ haidriə/ noun a condi- | ACE inhibitor tion in which the gastric juices do not contain ACE inhibitor / eis in hibitə/ noun same as | hydrochloric acid, a symptom of stomach cancer angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or pernicious anaemia acephalus acephalus /ei sefələs/ noun a fetus born with- | acholia acholia /ei kəυliə/ noun the absence or failure out a head | of the secretion of bile acetabuloplasty acetabuloplasty / si t bjυləυ pl sti/ | | acholuria acholuria / eikɒ lu riə/ noun the absence of noun a surgical operation to repair or rebuild the | bile colouring in the urine acetabulum acholuric jaundice acholuric jaundice / eikəlu rik d ɔ ndis/ acetabulum acetabulum / si t bjυləm/ noun the part of | noun a disease where unusually round red blood the pelvic bone, shaped like a cup, into which the cells form, leading to anaemia, an enlarged spleen head of the femur fits to form the hip joint. Also and the formation of gallstones. Also called called cotyloid cavity (NOTE: The plural is hereditary spherocytosis acetabula.) achondroplasia achondroplasia / eikɒndrə pleiziə/ noun an acetaminophen acetaminophen /ə si tə minəfən/ noun US | | | inherited condition in which the long bones in the same as paracetamol arms and legs do not grow fully while the rest of acetazolamide acetazolamide /ə si tə zɒləmaid/ noun a | | the bones in the body grow as usual, resulting in drug which helps a person to produce more urine, dwarfism used in the treatment of oedema, glaucoma and achromatopsia achromatopsia / eikrəυmə tɒpsiə/ noun a epilepsy | rare condition in which a person cannot see any acetonaemia acetonaemia /ə si təυ ni miə/ same as keto-| | colours, but only black, white and shades of grey naemia achy achy / eiki/ adjective feeling aches all over the acetone acetone / sitəυn/ noun a colourless volatile body (informal ) substance formed in the body after vomiting or aciclovir aciclovir /ei saikləυviə/ noun a drug that is during diabetes. ketone | effective against herpesviruses. Also called acy- acetonuria acetonuria /ə si təυ nju riə/ noun the pres- | | clovir ence of acetone in the urine, shown by the fact acidaemia acidaemia / si di miə/ noun a state in which that the urine gives off a sweet smell | the blood has too much acid in it. It is a feature of acetylcholine acetylcholine / sitail kəυli n/ noun a sub- | untreated severe diabetes. stance released from nerve endings, which allows acid–base balance acid–base balance / sid beis b ləns/ nerve impulses to move from one nerve to another noun the balance between acid and base, i.e. the or from a nerve to the organ it controls pH level, in plasma COMMENT: Acetylcholine receptors are of acidity acidity /ə siditi/ noun 1. the level of acid in a two types, muscarinic, found in parasympa- | liquid The alkaline solution may help to reduce thetic post-ganglionic nerve junctions, and acidity. 2. same as hyperacidity nicotinic, found at neuromuscular junctions and in autonomic ganglia. Acetylcholine acts acidosis acidosis / si dəυsis/ noun 1. a condition | on both types of receptors, but other drugs when there are more acid waste products such as act on one or the other. urea than usual in the blood because of a lack of acetylcoenzyme A acetylcoenzyme A / sitailkəυ enzaim ei/ alkali 2. same as acidity | noun a compound produced in the metabolism of acidotic acidotic / si dɒtik/ adjective relating to aci- | carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids dosis acetylsalicylic acid acetylsalicylic acid / sitail s ləsilik acid reflux acid reflux / sid ri fl ks/ noun a condition | sid/ noun aspirin caused by a faulty muscle in the oesophagus achalasia achalasia / kə leiziə/ noun the condition of allowing the acid in the stomach to pass into the | being unable to relax the muscles oesophagus
Nursing.fm Page 4 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM acid stomach 4 acid stomach acromion acid stomach / sid st mək/ noun same as acromion /ə krəυmiən/ noun the pointed top of | hyperacidity the scapula, which forms the tip of the shoulder acinus acinus / sinəs/ noun 1. a tiny sac which forms acronyx acronyx / krɒniks, eikrɒniks/ noun a con- part of a gland 2. part of a lobule in the lung dition in which a nail grows into the flesh (NOTE: The plural is acini.) acroparaesthesia acroparaesthesia / krəυp ris θi ziə/ noun | acne acne / kni/ noun an inflammation of the seba- a condition in which the patient experiences sharp ceous glands during puberty which makes black- pains in the arms and numbness in the fingers heads appear on the skin, usually on the face, neck after sleep and shoulders. These blackheads often then acrophobia acrophobia / krə fəυbiə/ noun a fear of become infected. She is using a cream to clear | heights up her acne. acrosclerosis acrosclerosis / krəυsklə rəυsis/ noun scle- acne rosacea acne rosacea / kni rəυ zeiʃə/ noun same as | | rosis which affects the extremities rosacea ACTH acne vulgaris ACTH abbreviation adrenocorticotrophic hor- acne vulgaris / kni vυl ɑ ris/ noun same as | mone acne acoustic acoustic /ə ku stik/ adjective relating to sound actinomycin actinomycin / ktinəυ maisin/ noun an anti- | | or hearing biotic used in the treatment of children with can- acoustic nerve cer acoustic nerve /ə ku stik n v/ noun the | eighth cranial nerve which governs hearing and actinomycosis actinomycosis / ktinəυmai kəυsis/ noun a | balance fungal disease transmitted to humans from cattle, acquired acquired /ə kwaiəd/ adjective referring to a causing abscesses in the mouth and lungs (pul- | condition which is neither congenital nor heredi- monary actinomycosis) or in the ileum (intesti- tary and which a person develops after birth in nal actinomycosis) reaction to his or her environment action potential action potential / kʃən pə tenʃəl/ noun a | acquired immunity acquired immunity /ə kwaiəd i mju niti/ temporary change in electrical potential which | | noun an immunity which a body acquires from occurs between the inside and the outside of a having caught a disease or from immunisation, nerve or muscle fibre when a nerve impulse is not one which is congenital sent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /ə active immunity active immunity / ktiv i mju niti/ noun | | kwaiəd imjυnəυdi fiʃ(ə)nsi sindrəυm/, immunity which is acquired by catching and sur- | acquired immune deficiency syndrome /ə viving an infectious disease or by vaccination | kwaiəd im ju n di fiʃ(ə)nsi sindrəυm/ noun with a weakened form of the disease, which | | a viral infection which breaks down the body’s makes the body form antibodies immune system. Abbreviation AIDS. HIV activities of daily living activities of daily living / k tivitiz əv deili acrivastine acrivastine /ə krivə sti n/ noun a drug which | liviŋ/ noun a scale used by geriatricians and | reduces the amount of histamine produced by the occupational therapists to assess the capacity of body. It is used in the treatment of rhinitis, urti- elderly or disabled people to live independently. caria and eczema. Abbreviation ADLs acro- acro- / krəυ/ prefix referring to a point or tip activity activity / k tiviti/ noun 1. what someone does acrocephalia | acrocephalia / krəυsə feiliə/ noun same as difficulty with activities such as walking and | oxycephaly dressing 2. the characteristic behaviour of a acrocyanosis acrocyanosis / krəυsaiə nəυsis/ noun a chemical The drug’s activity only lasts a few | blue coloration of the extremities, i.e. the fingers, hours. antibacterial activity effective action toes, ears and nose, which is due to poor circula- against bacteria tion acuity acuity /ə kju iti/ noun keenness of sight, hear- | acrodynia acrodynia / krəυ diniə/ noun a children’s ing or intellect | disease, caused by an allergy to mercury, where acupressure acupressure / kjυpreʃə/ noun a treatment the child’s hands, feet and face swell and become which is based on the same principle as acupunc- pink, and the child is also affected with fever and ture in which, instead of needles, fingers are used loss of appetite. Also called erythroedema, pink on specific points on the body, called pressure disease points acromegaly acromegaly / krəυ me əli/ noun a disease | acupuncture acupuncture / kjυp ŋktʃə/ noun a treat- caused by excessive quantities of growth hor- ment based on needles being inserted through the mone produced by the pituitary gland, causing a skin into nerve centres in order to relieve pain or slow enlargement of the hands, feet and jaws in treat a disorder adults acute acromioclavicular acromioclavicular acute /ə kju t/ adjective referring to a disease or / krəυmaiəυklə | | vikjυlə/ adjective relating to the acromion and condition which develops rapidly and can be dan- the clavicle gerous an acute abscess Opposite chronic
Nursing.fm Page 5 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 5 adenoids acute abdomen ADD ADD abbreviation attention deficit disorder acute abdomen /ə kju t bdəmən/ noun | any serious condition of the abdomen which Addison’s anaemia Addison’s anaemia / dis(ə)nz ə ni miə/ | requires surgery same as pernicious anaemia [Described 1849. acute bed acute bed /ə kju t bed/ noun a hospital bed After Thomas Addison (1793–1860), from | Northumberland, founder of the science of reserved for people requiring immediate treat- endocrinology.] ment Addison’s disease Addison’s disease / dis(ə)nz di zi z/ noun acute care acute care /ə kju t keə/ noun medical or sur- | | a disease of the adrenal glands, causing a change gical treatment in a hospital, usually for a short in skin colour to yellow and then to dark brown period, for a patient with a sudden severe illness and resulting in general weakness, anaemia, low or injury blood pressure and wasting away. Treatment is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis acute disseminated encephalomyelitis /ə | with corticosteroid injections. [Described 1849. kju t di semineitid en kefələυmaiə laitis/ | | | After Thomas Addison (1793–1860), from noun an encephalomyelitis or myelitis believed to Northumberland, founder of the science of result from an autoimmune attack on the myelin endocrinology.] of the central nervous system adducent adducent /ə dju s(ə)nt/ adjective referring to a acute glaucoma acute glaucoma /ə kju t lɔ kəυmə/ noun | | | muscle which brings parts of the body together or same as angle-closure glaucoma moves them towards the central line of the body acute hospital acute hospital /ə kju t hɒspit(ə)l/ noun a or a limb. Compare abducent | hospital where people go for major surgery or adduct adduct /ə d kt/ verb (of a muscle) to pull a leg intensive care of medical or surgical conditions | or arm towards the central line of the body, or to acutely acutely /ə kju tli/ adverb 1. having or causing pull a toe or finger towards the central line of a leg | a suddenly developing medical condition or arm. Opposite abduct acutely ill patients acutely toxic chemicals 2. adducted adducted /ə d ktid/ adjective referring to a | extremely (informal ) body part brought towards the middle of the body acute respiratory distress syndrome acute respiratory distress syndrome /ə adduction adduction /ə d kʃən/ noun the movement of a | | kju t ri spirət(ə)ri di stres sindrəυm/ noun part of the body towards the midline or towards a | | an infection of the lungs, often following injury, neighbouring part. Compare abduction. See which prevents them functioning properly. illustration at ANATOMICAL TERMS in Supplement Abbreviation ARDS adductor adductor /ə d ktə/, adductor muscle /ə acute rheumatism | | acute rheumatism /ə kju t ru mətiz(ə)m/ d ktə m s(ə)l/ noun a muscle which pulls a | noun same as rheumatic fever part of the body towards the central line of the acute rhinitis acute rhinitis /ə kju t rai naitis/ noun a virus body. Opposite abductor | | infection which causes inflammation of the aden- aden- / din/ prefix same as adeno- (used mucous membrane in the nose and throat before vowels) acute suppurative arthritis acute suppurative arthritis /ə kju t adenectomy adenectomy / di nektəmi/ noun the surgical | | s pjυrətiv ɑ θ raitis/ noun same as pyarthro- removal of a gland | sis adenine adenine / dəni n/ noun one of the four basic acute toxicity acute toxicity /ə kju t tɒk sisiti/ noun a level chemicals in DNA | | of concentration of a toxic substance which adenitis adenitis / di naitis/ noun inflammation of a makes people seriously ill or can cause death | gland or lymph node. lymphadenitis acyclovir acyclovir /ei saikləυviə/ noun same as aciclo- adeno- adeno- / dinəυ/ prefix referring to glands | vir adenocarcinoma adenocarcinoma / dinəυkɑ si nəυmə/ acystia | | acystia /ei sistiə/ noun a condition in which a noun a malignant tumour of a gland | baby is born without a bladder adenohypophysis adenohypophysis / dinəυhai pɒfisis/ Adam’s apple | | Adam’s apple / dəmz p(ə)l/ noun a part of noun the front lobe of the pituitary gland which the thyroid cartilage which projects from the neck secretes most of the pituitary hormones below the chin in a man. Also called laryngeal adenoid adenoid / dinɔid/ adjective like a gland prominence adenoidal adenoidal / di nɔid(ə)l/ adjective referring to adapt adapt /ə d pt/ verb 1. to change one’s ideas or | | the adenoids behaviour to fit into a new situation She has adenoidal tissue adenoidal tissue / dinɔid(ə)l tiʃu / noun adapted very well to her new job in the children’s same as adenoids hospital. 2. to change something to make it more adenoidectomy adenoidectomy / dinɔi dektəmi/ noun the useful The brace has to be adapted to fit the | patient. surgical removal of the adenoids adaptation adenoids adaptation / d p teiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a change adenoids / dinɔidz/ plural noun a mass of tis- | which has been or can be made to something 2. sue at the back of the nose and throat that can the act of changing something so that it fits a new restrict breathing if enlarged. Also called pha- situation ryngeal tonsils
Nursing.fm Page 6 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM adenoid vegetation 6 adiposus / di pəυsəs/ panniculus adipo- adenoid vegetation adiposus adenoid vegetation / dinɔid ved ə | | teiʃ(ə)n/ noun a condition in children where the sus adenoidal tissue is covered with growths and can aditus aditus / ditəs/ noun an opening or entrance to block the nasal passages or the Eustachian tubes a passage adenolymphoma adenolymphoma / dinəυlim fəυmə/ noun adjustment adjustment /ə d stmənt/ noun a specific | | a benign tumour of the salivary glands directional high-speed movement of a joint per- adenoma adenoma / di nəυmə/ noun a benign tumour formed by a chiropractor | of a gland adjuvant adjuvant / d υvənt/ adjective referring to adenomyoma adenomyoma / dinəυmai əυmə/ noun a treatment by drugs or radiation therapy after sur- | gery for cancer í noun a substance added to a benign tumour made up of glands and muscle drug to enhance the effect of the main ingredient adenopathy adenopathy / di nɒpəθi/ noun a disease of a | adjuvant therapy adjuvant therapy / d υvənt θerəpi/ noun gland therapy using drugs or radiation after cancer sur- adenosclerosis adenosclerosis / dinəυsklə rəυsis/ noun | gery the hardening of a gland ADLs ADLs abbreviation activities of daily living adenosine adenosine /ə denəυsi n/ noun a drug used to | administer treat an irregular heartbeat administer /əd ministə/ verb to give someone | medicine or a treatment to administer orally to adenosine diphosphate adenosine diphosphate /ə denəυsi n dai | | give a medicine by mouth fɒsfeit/ noun a chemical compound which pro- admission vides energy for processes to take place within admission /əd miʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of being | living cells, formed when adenosine triphosphate registered as a hospital patient reacts with water. Abbreviation ADP adnexa adnexa / d neksə/ plural noun structures | adenosine triphosphate adenosine triphosphate /ə denəυsi n trai attached to an organ | | fɒsfeit/ noun a chemical which occurs in all adolescence adolescence / də les(ə)ns/ noun the period | cells, but mainly in muscle, where it forms the of life when a child is developing into an adult energy reserve. Abbreviation ATP adolescent adolescent / də les(ə)nt/ noun a person who | adenosis adenosis / di nəυsis/ noun any disease or is at the stage of life when he or she is developing | disorder of the glands into an adult í adjective developing into an adult, adenovirus adenovirus / dinəυ vairəs/ noun a virus or occurring at that stage of life adolescent | which produces upper respiratory infections and boys and girls adolescent fantasies sore throats and can cause fatal pneumonia in adoptive immunotherapy adoptive immunotherapy /ə dɒptiv | infants imjυnə θerəpi/ noun a treatment for cancer in | ADH ADH abbreviation antidiuretic hormone which the patient’s own white blood cells are used to attack cancer cells ADHD ADHD abbreviation attention deficit hyperactiv- ADP ity disorder ADP abbreviation adenosine diphosphate adhesion adhesion /əd hi (ə)n/ noun a stable connec- adrenal adrenal /ə dri n(ə)l/ adjective situated near the | | kidney í noun same as adrenal gland tion between two parts in the body, either in a healing process or between parts which are not adrenalectomy adrenalectomy /ə dri nə lektəmi/ noun the | | usually connected surgical removal of one of the adrenal glands adhesive dressing adhesive dressing /əd hi siv dresiŋ/ noun a adrenal gland adrenal gland /ə dri n(ə)l l nd/ noun one of | | dressing with a sticky substance on the back so two endocrine glands at the top of the kidneys that it can stick to the skin which secrete cortisone, adrenaline and other hor- adipose adipose / dipəυs/ adjective containing fat, or mones. Also called adrenal body, adrenal. See made of fat illustration at KIDNEY in Supplement adipose degeneration adipose degeneration / dipəυs di d enə adrenaline adrenaline /ə drenəlin/ noun a hormone | | | reiʃ(ə)n/ noun an accumulation of fat in the cells secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands of an organ such as the heart or liver, which makes which has an effect similar to stimulation of the the organ less able to perform its proper function. sympathetic nervous system Also called fatty degeneration adrenal medulla adrenal medulla /ə dri n(ə)l me d lə/ noun | | adiposis adiposis / di pəυsis/ noun a state where too the inner part of the adrenal gland which secretes | much fat is accumulated in the body adrenaline and noradrenaline. Also called supra- adiposis dolorosa renal medulla adiposis dolorosa / di pəυsis dɒlə rəυsə/ | | noun a disease of middle-aged women in which adrenergic adrenergic / drə n d ik/ adjective referring | painful lumps of fatty substance form in the body. to a neurone or receptor which is stimulated by Also called Dercum’s disease adrenaline. beta blocker adiposogenitalis adiposogenitalis / di pəυsəυ d eni teilis/ adrenergic receptor adrenergic receptor / drən d ik ri | | | | noun same as Fröhlich’s syndrome septə/ noun same as adrenoceptor adiposuria adiposuria /ədipsəυ ju riə/ noun the presence COMMENT: Three types of adrenergic recep- | of fat in the urine tor act in different ways when stimulated by
Nursing.fm Page 7 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 7 afferent nerve adventitious bursa adrenaline. Alpha receptors constrict the adventitious bursa / dvəntiʃəs b sə/ bronchi, beta 1 receptors speed up the noun a bursa which develops as a result of contin- heartbeat and beta 2 receptors dilate the ued pressure or rubbing bronchi. adverse adverse / dv s/ adjective harmful or unfa- adrenoceptor adrenoceptor /ə drenəυ septə/ noun a cell or vourable | | neurone which is stimulated by adrenaline. Also adverse occurrence adverse occurrence / dv s ə k rəns/ | called adrenoreceptor, adrenergic receptor noun a harmful event which occurs during treat- adrenocortical adrenocortical /ə dri nəυ kɔ tik(ə)l/ adjec- ment | | tive relating to the cortex of the adrenal glands advocacy advocacy / dvəkəsi/ noun active support for adrenocorticotrophic hormone something, especially in order to help people who adrenocorticotrophic hormone /ə dri nəυ | | would have difficulty in gaining attention without kɔ təkəυtrɒfik hɔ məυn/ noun a hormone your help secreted by the pituitary gland, which makes the cortex of the adrenal glands produce corticoster- adynamic ileus adynamic ileus /ei dain mik iliəs/ noun | oids. Abbreviation ACTH. Also called cortico- same as paralytic ileus trophin aegophony aegophony /i ɒfəni/ noun a high sound of | adrenocorticotrophin adrenocorticotrophin /ə dri nəυkɔ təkəυ the voice heard through a stethoscope, where | | trəυfin/ noun adrenaline extracted from ani- there is fluid in the pleural cavity mals’ adrenal glands and used to prevent haemor- aer- aer- /eə/ prefix same as aero- (used before vow- rhages or to help asthmatic conditions els) adrenogenital syndrome adrenogenital syndrome /ə dri nəυ aeration aeration /eə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the adding of air or | | | d enit(ə)l sindrəυm/ noun a condition caused oxygen to a liquid by overproduction of male sex hormones, where aero- aero- /eərəυ/ prefix referring to air boys show rapid sexual development and females aeroba aeroba /eə rəυbə/, aerobe / eərəυb/ noun a develop male characteristics | tiny organism which needs oxygen to survive adrenolytic adrenolytic /ədri nəυ litik/ adjective acting aerobic | aerobic /eə rəυbik/ adjective needing oxygen against the secretion of adrenaline | to live, or taking place in the presence of oxygen adrenoreceptor adrenoreceptor /ə drenəυri septə/ noun aerogenous aerogenous /eə rɒd ənəs/ adjective referring | | | same as adrenoceptor to a bacterium which produces gas adsorbent adsorbent / d sɔ bənt/ adjective being capa- aerophagia aerophagia / eərə feid ə/, aerophagy /eə | | | ble of adsorption rɒfəd i/ noun the habit of swallowing air when adsorption adsorption / d sɔ pʃ(ə)n/ noun the attach- suffering from indigestion, so making the stom- | ment of one substance to another, often the bond- ach pains worse ing of a liquid with a gas or vapour which touches aerosol aerosol / eərəsɒl/ noun tiny particles of a liquid its surface such as a drug or disinfectant suspended in a gas adult under pressure in a container and used as a spray adult / d lt/ adjective grown-up Adoles- cents reach the adult stage about the age of eight- aetiology aetiology / i ti ɒləd i/ noun 1. the cause or ori- | een or twenty. í noun someone who is no longer gin of a disease 2. the study of the causes and ori- a child gins of diseases adult coeliac disease AfC adult coeliac disease / d lt si li k di AfC abbreviation Agenda for Change | zi z/ noun a condition in adults where the villi in afebrile afebrile /ei fi brail/ adjective with no fever | the intestine become smaller and so reduce the affect affect /ə fekt/ verb to make something or some- | surface which can absorb nutrients one change, especially to have a bad effect on adult dentition adult dentition / d lt den tiʃ(ə)n/ noun the something or someone Some organs are rap- | 32 teeth which an adult has idly affected if the patient lacks oxygen for even a short time. í noun same as affection adulteration adulteration /ə d ltə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of | | affection making something less pure by adding another affection /ə fekʃ(ə)n/, affect /ə fekt/ noun the | | substance general state of a person’s emotions adult respiratory distress syndrome affective affective /ə fektiv/ adjective relating to a per- adult respiratory distress syndrome | son’s moods or feelings / d lt ri spirət(ə)ri di stres sindrəυm/ noun | | a description of various lung infections which affective disorder affective disorder /ə fektiv dis ɔ də/ noun a | | reduce the lungs’ efficiency. Abbreviation ARDS condition which changes someone’s mood, mak- advanced trauma life support ing him or her depressed or excited advanced trauma life support /əd vɑ nst | trɔ ma laif sə pɔ t/ noun the management of a afferent afferent / f(ə)rənt/ adjective conducting liq- | trauma patient during the critical first hour after uid or electrical impulses towards the inside. injury. Abbreviation ATLS Opposite efferent adventitious afferent nerve adventitious / dvən tiʃəs/ adjective on the afferent nerve / f(ə)rənt n v/ noun same | outside or in an unusual place as sensory nerve
Nursing.fm Page 8 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM afferent vessel 8 afferent vessel value, implemented in December 2004. Abbrevi- afferent vessel / f(ə)rənt ves(ə)l/ noun a ation AfC tube which brings lymph to a gland agenesis affinity agenesis /ei d enəsis/ noun the absence of an affinity /ə finiti/ noun an attraction between | | organ, resulting from a failure in embryonic two substances development aflatoxin aflatoxin / flə tɒksin/ noun a poison pro- | agent agent / eid ənt/ noun 1. a chemical substance duced by some moulds in some crops such as pea- nuts which makes another substance react 2. a sub- stance or organism which causes a disease or con- African trypanosomiasis African trypanosomiasis / frikən dition 3. a person who acts as a representative of tripənəυsəυ maiəsis/ noun same as sleeping | another person or carries out some kinds of work sickness on his or her behalf afterbirth afterbirth / ɑ ftəb θ/ noun the tissues, includ- agglutination agglutination /ə lu ti neiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act ing the placenta and umbilical cord, which are | | of coming together or sticking to one another to present in the uterus during pregnancy and are form a clump, as of bacteria cells in the presence expelled after the birth of a baby of serum, or blood cells when blood of different aftercare aftercare / ɑ ftəkeə/ noun 1. the care of a per- types is mixed son who has had an operation. Aftercare treat- agglutinin agglutinin /ə lu tinin/ noun a factor in a ment involves changing dressings and helping | serum which makes cells stick together in clumps people to look after themselves again. 2. the care of a mother who has just given birth agglutinogen agglutinogen / lu tinəd ən/ noun a factor | after-effect in red blood cells which reacts with a specific after-effect / ɑ ftər i fekt/ noun a change | agglutinin in serum which appears only some time after the cause The operation had some unpleasant after-effects. agitation agitation / d i teiʃ(ə)n/ noun a state of being | after-image after-image / ɑ ftər imid / noun an image of very nervous and anxious an object which remains in a person’s sight after aglossia aglossia /ei lɒsiə/ noun the condition of not | the object itself has gone having a tongue from birth afterpains afterpains / ɑ ftəpeinz/ plural noun regular agnosia agnosia / nəυziə/ noun a brain disorder in | pains in the uterus which are sometimes experi- which a person fails to recognise places, people, enced after childbirth tastes or smells which they used to know well afunctional afunctional /ei f ŋkʃən(ə)l/ adjective which agonist agonist / ənist/ noun 1. a muscle which does not function properly causes part of the body to move and another mus- agalactia agalactia / ei ə l ktiə/ noun a condition in cle to relax when it contracts. Also called prime | which a mother is unable to produce milk after mover 2. a substance which produces an observ- childbirth able physiological effect by acting through spe- agammaglobulinaemia agammaglobulinaemia /ei cific receptors. antagonist mə lɒbjυli | | | ni miə/ noun a deficiency or absence of immu- agony agony / əni/ noun a very severe physical or noglobulins in the blood, which results in a emotional pain He lay in agony on the floor. reduced ability to provide immune responses She suffered the agony of waiting for weeks until agar agar / ei ɑ /, agar agar / ei ə ei ə/ noun a her condition was diagnosed. culture medium based on an extract of seaweed agoraphobia agoraphobia / (ə)rə fəυbiə/ noun a fear of | used for growing microorganisms in laboratories being in open spaces. Compare claustrophobia age age /eid / noun the number of years which a agoraphobic agoraphobic / (ə)rə fəυbik/ adjective | person has lived What’s your age on your next afraid of being in open spaces. Compare claus- birthday? He was sixty years of age. The size trophobic varies according to age. í verb to grow old agranulocytosis agranulocytosis /ə r njυləυsai təυsis/ | | | age group age group / eid ru p/ noun all the people of noun a usually fatal disease where the number of a particular age or within a particular set of ages granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, falls the age group 20–25 sharply because of a bone marrow condition agency agency / eid ənsi/ noun 1. an organisation agraphia agraphia /ei r fiə/ noun the condition of | which carries out work on behalf of another being unable to put ideas into writing organisation, e.g. one which recruits and employs AHF AHF abbreviation antihaemophilic factor nurses and supplies them to hospitals temporarily aid aid /eid/ noun 1. help 2. a machine, tool or drug when full-time nursing staff are unavailable 2. the which helps someone do something He uses a act of causing something to happen The disease walking frame as an aid to exercising his legs. í develops through the agency of bacteria present verb to help someone or something The proce- in the bloodstream. dure is designed to aid the repair of tissues after Agenda for Change Agenda for Change /ə d endə fə tʃeind / | surgery. noun a pay and reform package designed to AID AID / ei ai di / noun full form artificial insem- ensure that all directly employed NHS staff are paid on the basis of equal pay for work of equal ination by donor. Now called DI
Nursing.fm Page 9 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 9 aldosterone AIDS tebrae [After Frederick Houdlett Albee (1876– AIDS /eidz/, Aids noun a viral infection which 1945), US surgeon.] breaks down the body’s immune system. Full albinism form acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, albinism / lbiniz(ə)m/ noun a condition in acquired immune deficiency syndrome which a person lacks the pigment melanin and so has pink skin and eyes and white hair. It is hered- AIDS dementia AIDS dementia / eidz di menʃə/ noun a form | itary and cannot be treated. vitiligo of mental degeneration resulting from infection albino with HIV albino / l bi nəυ/ noun a person who is defi- | cient in melanin and has little or no pigmentation AIDS-related complex AIDS-related complex / eidz ri leitid | in the skin, hair or eyes kɒmpleks/, AIDS-related condition / eidz ri | leitid kən diʃ(ə)n/ noun early symptoms shown albuginea oculi albuginea oculi / lbjυd iniə ɒkjυlai/ noun | by someone infected with the HIV virus, e.g. same as sclera weight loss, fever and herpes zoster. Abbreviation albumin albumin / lbjυmin/ noun a common protein, ARC which is soluble in water, found in plant and ani- AIH AIH abbreviation artificial insemination by hus- mal tissue and digested in the intestine band albuminuria albuminuria / lbjυmi njυəriə/ noun a condi- | ailment ailment / eilmənt/ noun an illness, though not tion in which albumin is found in the urine, usu- generally a very serious one Chickenpox is one ally a sign of kidney disease, but also sometimes of the common childhood ailments. of heart failure air bed air bed / eə bed/ noun a mattress which is filled albumose albumose / lbjυməυz/ noun an intermediate with air, used to prevent the formation of bed- product in the digestion of protein sores. conduction alcohol alcohol / lkəhɒl/ noun a pure colourless liq- airborne infection airborne infection / eəbɔ n in fekʃən/ noun uid which is formed by the action of yeast on | an infection which is carried in the air sugar solutions and forms part of drinks such as wine and whisky air conduction air conduction / eə kən d kʃən/ noun the | alcohol abuse process by which sounds pass from the outside to alcohol abuse / lkəhɒl ə bju s/ noun the | the inner ear through the auditory meatus excessive use of alcohol adversely affecting a per- son’s health air embolism air embolism / eər embəliz(ə)m/ noun a alcohol addiction blockage caused by bubbles of air, that stops the alcohol addiction / lkəhɒl ə dikʃən/ noun a | flow of blood in vessels condition in which a person is dependent on the use of alcohol air passage air passage / eə p sid / noun any tube which alcohol-fast takes air to the lungs, e.g. the nostrils, pharynx, alcohol-fast / lkəhɒl fɑ st/ adjective refer- larynx, trachea and bronchi ring to an organ stained for testing which is not discoloured by alcohol airsickness airsickness / eəsiknəs/ noun a queasy feeling, alcoholic usually leading to vomiting, caused by the move- alcoholic / lkə hɒlik/ adjective containing | alcohol í noun a person who is addicted to drink- ment of an aircraft ing alcohol and shows changes in behaviour and airway airway / eəwei/ noun a passage through which personality air passes, especially the trachea alcoholic cirrhosis alcoholic cirrhosis / lkəhɒlik si rəυsis/ akathisia akathisia / eikə θisiə/ noun restlessness | | noun cirrhosis of the liver caused by alcoholism akinesia akinesia / eiki ni ziə/ noun a lack of voluntary | Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous / lkəhɒliks ə movement, as in Parkinson’s disease | nɒniməs/ noun an organisation of former alco- akinetic akinetic / eiki netik/ adjective without move- | holics which helps people to overcome their ment dependence on alcohol by encouraging them to alacrima alacrima /ei l krimə/ noun same as xerosis talk about their problems in group therapy. | alactasia alactasia / eil k teiziə/ noun a condition in Abbreviation AA | which there is a deficiency of lactase in the intes- alcoholism alcoholism / lkəhɒliz(ə)m/ noun excessive tine, making the patient incapable of digesting drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive lactose, the sugar in milk alcohol poisoning alcohol poisoning / lkəhɒl pɔiz(ə)niŋ/ alalia alalia /ei leiliə/ noun a condition in which a per- noun poisoning and disease caused by excessive | son completely loses the ability to speak drinking of alcohol alanine alanine / ləni n/ noun an amino acid alcoholuria alcoholuria / lkəhɒ ljυəriə/ noun a condi- | alanine aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase / ləni n ə tion in which alcohol is present in the urine | mi nəυ tr nsfəreiz/ noun an enzyme which is (NOTE: The level of alcohol in the urine is used | found in the liver and can be monitored as an indi- as a test for drivers who are suspected of driving cator of liver damage. Abbreviation ALT while drunk.) alar cartilage alar cartilage / eilə kɑ tilid / noun cartilage aldosterone aldosterone / l dɒstərəυn/ noun a hormone | in the nose secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland, which Albee’s operation Albee’s operation / ɔ lbi z ɒpə reiʃ(ə)n/ regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in | noun a surgical operation to fuse two or more ver- the body and the amount of body fluid
Nursing.fm Page 10 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM aldosteronism 10 aldosteronism alkalinity aldosteronism / l dɒst(ə)rəniz(ə)m/ noun a alkalinity / lkə liniti/ noun the level of alkali | | condition in which a person produces too much in a body Hyperventilation causes fluctuating aldosterone, so that there is too much salt in the carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in an blood. This causes high blood pressure and the increase of blood alkalinity. need to drink a lot of liquids. alkaloid alkaloid / lkəlɔid/ noun one of many poison- aleukaemic aleukaemic / eilu ki mik/ adjective referring ous substances found in plants and used as medi- | to a state where leukaemia is not present cines, e.g. atropine, morphine or quinine Alexander technique Alexander technique / li zɑ ndə tek alkalosis alkalosis / lkə ləυsis/ noun a condition in | | | ni k/ noun a method of improving the way a per- which the alkali level in the body tissue is high, son stands and moves, by making them much producing cramps more aware of how muscles behave alkaptonuria alkaptonuria / lk ptə njυəriə/ noun a | alexia alexia /ei leksiə/ noun a condition in which the hereditary condition where dark pigment is | patient cannot understand printed words. Also present in the urine called word blindness allantois allantois /ə l ntəυis/ noun one of the mem- alfacalcidol | alfacalcidol / lfə k lsidɒl/ noun a substance branes in the embryo, shaped like a sac, which | related to vitamin D, used by the body to maintain grows out of the embryonic hindgut the right levels of calcium and phosphate, and allele allele /ə li l/ noun one of two or more alternative also as a drug to help people who do not have | forms of a gene, situated in the same area on each enough vitamin D of a pair of chromosomes and each producing a algesimeter algesimeter / ld i simitə/ noun an instru- | different effect ment to measure the sensitivity of the skin to pain allergen allergen / ləd ən/ noun a substance which -algia -algia / ld iə/ suffix a word ending that indi- produces hypersensitivity cates a painful condition allergenic agent allergenic agent / ləd enik eid ənt/ noun algid algid / ld id/ adjective referring to a stage in a a substance which produces an allergy disease that causes fever during which the body allergic becomes cold allergic /ə l d ik/ adjective having an allergy | to something She is allergic to cats. I’m alienation alienation / eiliə neiʃ(ə)n/ noun a psychologi- | allergic to penicillin. cal condition in which a person develops the feel- allergy ing of not being part of the everyday world, and as allergy / ləd i/ noun an unusual sensitivity to a result often becomes hostile to other people some substances such as pollen or dust, which alignment cause a physical reaction such as sneezing or a alignment /ə lainmənt/ noun the arrangement | rash in someone who comes into contact with of something in a straight line, or in the correct them She has an allergy to household dust. position in relation to something else He has a penicillin allergy. (NOTE: You have an alimentary alimentary / li ment(ə)ri/ adjective provid- | allergy or you are allergic to something.) ing food, or relating to food or nutrition allergy bracelet / ləd i breislət/ noun allergy bracelet alimentary canal alimentary canal / li ment(ə)ri kə n l/ | | medical alert bracelet noun a tube in the body going from the mouth to allied health professional the anus and including the throat, stomach and allied health professional / laid helθ prə | intestine, through which food passes and is feʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ noun a professional working in digested medicine who is not a doctor or nurse, e.g. a phys- COMMENT: The alimentary canal is formed of iotherapist or paramedic the mouth, throat, oesophagus stomach and allo- allo- / ləυ/ prefix different small and large intestines. Food is broken allocation allocation / lə keiʃ(ə)n/ noun the way an down by digestive juices in the mouth, stom- | amount of something is divided among the vari- ach and small intestine, water is removed in ous departments of an organisation, or the amount the large intestine, and the remaining matter which is received by a particular department is passed out of the body as faeces. allodynia allodynia / lə diniə/ noun pain of the skin alimentation alimentation / limen teiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act | | caused by something such as clothing which usu- of providing food or nourishment ally does not cause pain aliquot aliquot / likwɒt/ noun a part of a larger thing, allograft allograft / ləυ rɑ ft/ noun same as hom- especially a sample of something which is taken to be examined ograft alkalaemia alkalaemia / lkə li miə/ noun an excess of allopathy allopathy /ə lɒpəθi/ noun the treatment of a | | alkali in the blood condition using drugs which produce opposite alkali symptoms to those of the condition. Compare alkali / lkəlai/ noun one of many substances homeopathy which neutralise acids and form salts (NOTE: The plural is alkalis.) allopurinol allopurinol / ləυ pjυərinɒl/ noun a drug | alkaline alkaline / lkəlain/ adjective containing more which helps to stop the body producing uric acid, alkali than acid used in the treatment of gout
Nursing.fm Page 11 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 11 amentia into which a tooth fits. See illustration at LUNGS in all or none law all or none law / ɔ l ɔ n n lɔ / noun the rule Supplement (NOTE: The plural is alveoli.) that the heart muscle either contracts fully or does Alzheimer plaque not contract at all Alzheimer plaque / ltshaimə pl k/ noun a disc-shaped plaque of amyloid found in the brain allylestrenol allylestrenol / lail estrənɒl/ noun a steroid | in people who have Alzheimer’s disease used to encourage pregnancy Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease / ltshaiməz di zi z/ alopecia alopecia / lə pi ʃə/ noun a condition in which | | noun a disease where a person experiences pro- hair is lost. Compare hypotrichosis gressive dementia due to nerve cell loss in spe- alopecia areata alopecia areata / ləpi ʃə ri eitə/ noun a | cific brain areas, resulting in loss of mental facul- condition in which the hair falls out in patches ties including memory [Described 1906. After alpha alpha / lfə/ noun the first letter of the Greek Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915), Bavarian physi- alphabet cian.] alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist / lfə ə amalgam amalgam /ə m l əm/ noun a mixture of met- | | dri nəυri septə n t ənist/, alpha-adreno- als, based on mercury and tin, used by dentists to | | ceptor blocker / lfə blɒkə/ noun a drug fill holes in teeth which can relax smooth muscle, used to treat uri- amaurosis amaurosis / mɔ rəυsis/ noun blindness | nary retention and hypertension. Also called caused by disease of the optic nerve alpha blocker amaurotic familial idiocy amaurotic familial idiocy / mɔ rɒtik fə alpha-fetoprotein | alpha-fetoprotein / lfə fi təυ prəυti n/ miliəl idiəsi/, amaurotic family idiocy | noun a protein produced by the liver of the human / mɔ rɒtik f m(ə)li idiəsi/ noun same as fetus, which accumulates in the amniotic fluid. A Tay-Sachs disease high or low concentration is tested for by amnio- amb- amb- / mb/ prefix same as ambi- (used before centesis in the antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida vowels) or Down’s syndrome, respectively. ambi- ambi- / mbi/ prefix both Alport’s syndrome Alport’s syndrome / ɔ lpɔ ts sindrəυm/ ambidextrous ambidextrous / mbi dekstrəs/ adjective noun a genetic disease of the kidneys which | referring to a person who can use both hands sometimes causes a person to lose his or her hear- equally well and who is not right- or left-handed ing and sight ambisexual ambisexual / mbi sekʃuəl/ adjective, noun alprostadil alprostadil / l prɒstədil/ noun a drug which | | same as bisexual makes blood vessels wider, used to treat impo- amblyopia tence, prevent coagulation, and maintain babies amblyopia / mbli əυpiə/ noun a lack of nor- | with congenital heart conditions mal vision without a structural cause. A common example is squint and other forms may be caused ALT ALT abbreviation alanine aminotransferase by the cyanide in tobacco smoke or by drinking alternative medicine alternative medicine /ɔ l t nətiv | methylated spirits. med(ə)sin/ noun the treatment of illness using amblyopic amblyopic / mbli ɒpik/ adjective affected by therapies such as homoeopathy or naturopathy | amblyopia which are not considered part of conventional amblyoscope amblyoscope / mbliəυskəυp/ noun an Western medicine. complementary medicine instrument for measuring the angle of a squint and altitude sickness altitude sickness / ltitju d siknəs/ noun a how effectively someone uses both their eyes condition caused by reduced oxygen in the air together. Also called orthoptoscope above altitudes of 7000 to 8000 feet (3600 ambulatory ambulatory / mbju leit(ə)ri/ adjective refer- metres). Symptoms include headaches, breath- | ring to a patient who is not confined to bed but is lessness, fatigue, nausea and swelling of the face, able to walk hands and feet. Also called high-altitude sick- ness, mountain sickness ambulatory care ambulatory care / mbju leit(ə)ri keə/ | aluminium hydroxide noun treatment of a patient which does not aluminium hydroxide / lə miniəm hai | | involve staying in hospital during the night drɒksaid/ noun a chemical substance used as an antacid to treat indigestion. Formula: Al(OH)3 or amelia amelia /ə mi liə/ noun the absence of a limb | Al2O3.3H2O. from birth, or a condition in which a limb is short alveolar from birth alveolar / lvi əυlə, l vi ələ/ adjective refer- | | amelioration ring to the alveoli amelioration /ə mi liə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | | process of getting better alveolar duct alveolar duct / lvi əυlə d kt/ noun a duct in | ameloblastoma the lung which leads from the respiratory bron- ameloblastoma / miləυbl stəυmə/ noun | chioles to the alveoli. See illustration at LUNGS in a tumour in the jaw, usually in the lower jaw Supplement amenorrhoea amenorrhoea / eimenə ri ə/ noun the absence | alveolitis alveolitis / lviə laitis/ noun inflammation of of one or more menstrual periods, usual during | an alveolus in the lungs or the socket of a tooth pregnancy and after the menopause alveolus amentia alveolus / lvi əυləs, l vi ələs/ noun a small amentia /ei menʃə/ noun the fact of being men- | | | cavity, e.g. an air sac in the lungs or the socket tally underdeveloped
Nursing.fm Page 12 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM ametropia 12 ametropia amniotic ametropia / mi trəυpiə/ noun a condition in amniotic / mni ɒtik/ adjective relating to the | | which the eye cannot focus light correctly onto amnion the retina, as in astigmatism, hypermetropia and amniotic fluid amniotic fluid / mniɒtik flu id/ noun the myopia. Compare emmetropia fluid contained in the amnion which surrounds an amfetamine amfetamine / m fetəmi n/ noun an addictive unborn baby | drug, similar to adrenaline, used to give a feeling amniotomy amniotomy / mni ɒtəmi/ noun a puncture of | of wellbeing and wakefulness. Also called the amnion to help induce labour amphetamine amoeba amoeba /ə mi bə/ noun a form of animal life, | amikacin amikacin / mi keisin/ noun a type of antibi- made up of a single cell (NOTE: The plural is | otic used to treat infections caused by aerobic amoebae.) bacteria amoebiasis amoebiasis / mi baiəsis/ noun an infection | amiloride amiloride /ə miləraid/ noun a drug which helps caused by amoebae which can result in amoebic | to increase the production of urine and preserve dysentery in the large intestine (intestinal amoe- the body’s supply of potassium biasis) and sometimes affects the lungs (pulmo- amino acid amino acid /ə mi nəυ sid/ noun a chemical nary amoebiasis) | compound which is broken down from proteins in amoebic amoebic /ə mi bik/ adjective relating to or | the digestive system and then used by the body to caused by amoebae form its own protein amorphous amorphous /ə mɔ fəs/ adjective with no regu- | aminobutyric acid aminobutyric acid /ə mi nəυbjυtirik sid/ lar shape | noun gamma aminobutyric acid amoxicillin amoxicillin /ə mɒksisilin/ noun an antibiotic | aminoglycoside aminoglycoside /ə mi nəυ laikəsaid/ noun Amoxil Amoxil /ə mɒksil/ a trade name for amoxicillin | | | a drug used to treat many Gram-negative and amphetamine amphetamine / m fetəmi n/ noun same as some Gram-positive bacterial infections (NOTE: | amfetamine Aminoglycosides include drugs with names end- amphiarthrosis amphiarthrosis / mfiɑ θrəυsis/ noun a ing in -cin: gentamicin.) | joint which only has limited movement, e.g. one aminophylline aminophylline / mi nɒfili n/ noun a drug | of the joints in the spine that makes the bronchial tubes wider, used in the amphotericin amphotericin / mfəυ terisin/ noun an anti- treatment of asthma | fungal agent, used against Candida amiodarone amiodarone / mi ɒdərəυn/ noun a drug that | ampicillin ampicillin / mpi silin/ noun a type of penicil- makes the blood vessels wider, used in the treat- | lin, used as an antibiotic ment of irregular heartbeat ampoule amitosis ampoule / mpu l/, ampule / mpju l/ noun amitosis / mi təυsis/ noun the multiplication | a small glass container, closed at the neck, used to of a cell by splitting of the nucleus contain sterile drugs for use in injections amitriptyline amitriptyline / mi triptili n/ noun a sedative | ampulla ampulla / m pυlə/ noun a swelling of a canal drug used to treat depression and persistent pain | or duct, shaped like a bottle (NOTE: The plural is amlodipine amlodipine / m lɒdipi n/ noun a drug that | ampullae.) helps to control the movement of calcium ions amputation amputation / mpjυ teiʃ(ə)n/ noun the surgi- through cell membranes. It is used to treat hyper- | cal removal of a limb or part of a limb tension and angina. amputee ammonia amputee / mpjυ ti / noun someone who has ammonia /ə məυniə/ noun a gas with a strong | | had a limb or part of a limb removed in a surgical smell, a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, operation which is a usual product of human metabolism amygdala amnesia amygdala /ə mi dələ/ noun an almond-shaped amnesia / m ni ziə/ noun loss of memory | | body in the brain, at the end of the caudate amnihook amnihook / mnihυk/ noun a hooked instru- nucleus of the thalamus. Also called amygdaloid ment used to induce labour by pulling on the body amniotic sac amygdaloid body amygdaloid body /ə mi dəlɔid bɒdi/ noun amniocentesis amniocentesis / mniəυsen ti sis/ noun a | | same as amygdala procedure which involves taking a test sample of amyl- amyl- / m(ə)l/ prefix referring to starch the amniotic fluid during pregnancy using a hol- low needle and syringe amylase amylase / mileiz/ noun an enzyme which amnion amnion / mniən/ noun the thin sac containing converts starch into maltose the amniotic fluid which covers an unborn baby in amyl nitrate amyl nitrate / m(ə)l naitreit/ noun a drug the uterus. Also called amniotic sac used to reduce blood pressure (NOTE: Amyl nitrate amnioscope amnioscope / mniəskəυp/ noun an instru- is also used as a recreational drug.) ment used to examine a fetus through the cervical amyloid amyloid / milɔid/ noun a waxy protein that channel, before the amniotic sac is broken forms in some tissues during the development of amnioscopy amnioscopy / mni ɒskəpi/ noun an exami- various diseases, e.g. forming disc-shaped | nation of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy plaques in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease
Nursing.fm Page 13 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 13 anastomose amyloid disease anaesthetic anaesthetic / nəs θetik/ adjective inducing amyloid disease / milɔid di zi z/ noun | | loss of feeling í noun a substance given to some- same as amyloidosis one to remove feeling, so that he or she can amyloidosis amyloidosis / milɔi dəυsis/ noun a disease | undergo an operation without pain of the kidneys and liver, where amyloid develops anaesthetic induction anaesthetic induction / nəsθetik in in the tissues. Also called amyloid disease | d kʃən/ noun a method of inducing anaesthesia amylopsin amylopsin / mi lɒpsin/ noun an enzyme | in a patient which converts starch into maltose anaesthetic risk anaesthetic risk / nəsθetik risk/ noun the amylose amylose / miləυz/ noun a carbohydrate of risk that an anaesthetic may cause serious starch unwanted side effects amyotonia amyotonia / eimaiə təυniə/ noun a lack of anaesthetise anaesthetise /ə ni sθətaiz/, anaesthetize | | muscle tone verb to produce a loss of feeling in a person or in amyotonia congenita amyotonia congenita / eimaiətəυniə kən part of the person’s body | d enitə/ noun a congenital disease of children in anaesthetist anaesthetist /ə ni sθətist/ noun a specialist | which the muscles lack tone. Also called floppy who administers anaesthetics baby syndrome anal anal / ein(ə)l/ adjective relating to the anus amyotrophia amyotrophia /ei maiə trəυfiə/ noun a condi- analeptic | | analeptic / nə leptik/ noun a drug used to tion in which a muscle wastes away | make someone regain consciousness or to stimu- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis /ei late a patient | maiətrɒfik l tər(ə)l sklə rəυsis/ noun a analgesia analgesia / n(ə)l d i ziə/ noun a reduction of | | motor neurone disease in which the limbs twitch the feeling of pain without loss of consciousness and the muscles gradually waste away. Also analgesic analgesic / n(ə)l d i zik/ adjective relating called Gehrig’s disease. Abbreviation ALS | to analgesia í noun a painkilling drug which pro- amyotrophy amyotrophy /ei mai ɒtrəfi/ same as amyo- duces analgesia and reduces pyrexia | | trophia anally anally / ein(ə)li/ adverb through the anus The an- an- / n/ prefix same as ana- (used before vow- patient is not able to pass faeces anally. els) analyse analyse / nəlaiz/ verb to examine something ana- ana- / nə/ prefix without or lacking in detail The laboratory is analysing the blood anabolic anabolic / nə bɒlik/ adjective referring to a samples. When the food was analysed it was | found to contain traces of bacteria. substance which synthesises protein analysis analysis /ə n ləsis/ noun an examination of a anabolic steroid anabolic steroid / nə bɒlik stiərɔid/ noun | | substance to find out what it is made of (NOTE: a drug which encourages the synthesis of new liv- The plural is analyses.) ing tissue, especially muscle, from nutrients analyst analyst / nəlist/ noun a person who examines anabolism anabolism / n bəliz(ə)m/ noun the process | samples of substances or tissue, to find out what of building up complex chemical substances on they are made of the basis of simpler ones anaphase anaphase / nəfeiz/ noun a stage in cell divi- anacrotism anacrotism /ə n krətiz(ə)m/ noun a second | sion, after the metaphase and before the telophase stroke in the pulse anaphylactic anaphylactic / nəfi l ktik/ adjective relat- anaemia anaemia /ə ni miə/ noun a condition in which | | ing to or caused by extreme sensitivity to a sub- the level of red blood cells is less than usual or stance where the haemoglobin is less, making it more anaphylactic shock anaphylactic shock / nəfil ktik ʃɒk/ difficult for the blood to carry oxygen. The symp- noun a sudden severe reaction, which can be fatal, toms are tiredness and pale colour, especially pale to something such as an injected substance or a lips, nails and the inside of the eyelids. The con- bee sting dition can be fatal if not treated. anaphylaxis anaphylaxis / nəfi l ksis/ noun 1. extreme anaemic anaemic /ə ni mik/ adjective having anaemia | | sensitivity to a substance introduced into the body anaerobe anaerobe / nərəυb, n eərəυb/ noun a | 2. same as anaphylactic shock microorganism which lives without oxygen, e.g. anaplasia anaplasia / nə pleisiə/ noun the loss of a the tetanus bacillus | cell’s typical characteristics, caused by cancer anaerobic anaerobic / nə rəυbik/ adjective 1. not need- | anaplastic anaplastic / nə pl stik/ adjective referring ing oxygen for metabolism anaerobic bacteria | to anaplasia 2. without oxygen anaerobic conditions anarthria anarthria / n ɑ θriə/ noun the loss of the abil- anaesthesia anaesthesia / nəs θi ziə/ noun 1. a state, | | ity to speak words properly deliberately produced in a patient by a medical anasarca anasarca / nə sɑ kə/ noun the presence of procedure, in which he or she can feel no pain, | fluid in the body tissues. oedema either in a part or in the whole of the body 2. a loss anastomose anastomose /ə n stəməυz/ verb to join two of feeling caused by damage to nerves (NOTE: | blood vessels or tubular structures together The US spelling is anesthesia.)

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