DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 8

Chia sẻ: Dqwdfwefgerg Fwefgweg | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:36

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

53
lượt xem 4
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Tham khảo tài liệu 'dictionary of nursing part 8', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 8

Nursing.fm Page 246 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM prolapsed intervertebral disc 246 prolapsed intervertebral disc proprietary name prolapsed intervertebral disc /prəυ l pst proprietary name /prə praiət(ə)ri neim/ | | intə v təbrəl disk/ noun a condition in which noun a trade name for a drug | an intervertebral disc becomes displaced or where proprioception proprioception / prəυpriə sepʃən/ noun the | the soft centre of a disc passes through the hard reaction of nerves to body movements and the cartilage of the exterior and presses onto a nerve. relaying of information about movements to the Abbreviation PID. Also called slipped disc brain prolapse of the rectum prolapse of the rectum / prəυl ps əv ðə proprioceptor proprioceptor / prəυpriə septə/ noun the end | rektəm/ noun a condition in which mucous of a sensory nerve which reacts to stimuli from membrane of the rectum moves downwards and muscles and tendons as they move passes through the anus proptosis proptosis /prɒp təυsis/ noun forward dis- prolapse of the uterus | prolapse of the uterus / prəυl ps əv ðə placement of the eyeball ju tərəs/, prolapse of the womb / prəυl ps prosop- prosop- /prɒsəp/, prosopo- /prɒsəpəυ/ prefix əv ðə wu m/ noun a movement of the uterus referring to the face downwards due to weakening of the structures of prostaglandin prostaglandin / prɒstə l ndin/ noun any of the pelvic floor, e.g. because of age or a difficult | childbirth. Also called metroptosis, prolapsed a class of unsaturated fatty acids found in all mammals which control smooth muscle contrac- uterus, uterine prolapse tion, inflammation and body temperature, are proliferate proliferate /prə lifəreit/ verb to produce many | associated with the sensation of pain and have an similar cells or parts, and so grow (NOTE: prolif- effect on the nervous system, blood pressure and erating – proliferated) in particular the uterus at menstruation proliferation proliferation /prə lifə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the proc-| | prostate prostate / prɒsteit/ noun same as prostate ess of proliferating gland (NOTE: Do not confuse with prostrate.) promethazine promethazine /prəυ meθəzi n/ noun an anti- | prostate trouble inflammation or enlargement of histamine drug used in the treatment of allergies the prostate gland (informal ) and motion sickness prostate cancer prostate cancer / prɒsteit k nsə/ noun a prominence prominence / prɒminəns/ noun a part of the malignant tumour of the prostate gland, found body which sticks out or stands out. Also called especially in men over 55 projection. Compare promontory prostatectomy prostatectomy / prɒstə tektəmi/ noun a sur- promontory promontory / prɒmənt(ə)ri/ noun a section of | gical operation to remove all or part of the pros- an organ, especially the middle ear and sacrum tate gland (NOTE: The plural is prostatecto- which stands out above the rest. Compare projec- mies.) tion, prominence prostate gland prostate gland / prɒsteit l nd/ noun an O- pronation pronation /prəυ neiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of turn- | shaped gland in males which surrounds the ure- ing the hand round so that the palm faces down- thra below the bladder and secretes a fluid con- wards. Opposite supination. See illustration at taining enzymes into the sperm. See illustration at in Supplement ANATOMICAL TERMS UROGENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supplement. pronator pronator /prəυ neitə/ noun a muscle which | Also called prostate makes the hand turn face downwards COMMENT: As a man grows older, the pros- prone prone /prəυn/ adjective lying face downwards. tate gland tends to enlarge and constrict the Opposite supine point at which the urethra leaves the bladder, prophase prophase / prəυfeiz/ noun the first stage of making it difficult to pass urine. mitosis when the chromosomes are visible as long prostatic prostatic /prɒ st tik/ adjective referring to or thin double threads | belonging to the prostate gland prophylactic prophylactic / prɒfə l ktik/ noun a substance | prostatic hypertrophy prostatic hypertrophy /prɒ st tik hai which helps to prevent the development of a dis- | | p trəfi/ noun an enlargement of the prostate ease í adjective preventive gland prophylaxis prophylaxis / prɒfə l ksis/ noun the preven- | prostatitis prostatitis / prɒstə taitis/ noun inflammation tion of disease (NOTE: The plural is prophy- | of the prostate gland laxes.) prostatorrhoea prostatorrhoea / prɒstətə ri ə/ noun dis- propranolol propranolol /prəυ p nəlɒl/ noun a drug that | | charge of fluid from the prostate gland (NOTE: slows heart rate and heart output, used in the treat- The US spelling is prostatorrhea.) ment of angina pectoris, irregular heart rhythms, prosthesis migraine and high blood pressure prosthesis /prɒs θi sis/ noun a device which is | proprietary attached to the body to take the place of a part proprietary /prə praiət(ə)ri/ adjective belong- | which is missing, e.g. an artificial leg or glass eye ing to a commercial company (NOTE: The plural is prostheses.) proprietary medicine proprietary medicine /prə praiət(ə)ri | prosthetic prosthetic /prɒs θetik/ adjective replacing a med(ə)s(ə)n/, /prə proprietary drug | | praiət(ə)ri dr / noun a drug which is sold part of the body which has been amputated or under a trade name. patent medicine removed He was fitted with a prosthetic hand.
Nursing.fm Page 247 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 247 prurigo prosthetic dentistry which needs Vitamin K to be effective. Also prosthetic dentistry /prɒs θetik dentistri/ | called Factor II noun the branch of dentistry which deals with prothrombin time replacing missing teeth parts of the jaw, and fit- prothrombin time /prəυ θrɒmbin taim/ noun | ting dentures, bridges and crowns. Also called the time taken in Quick test for clotting to take prosthodontics place prosthodontics prosthodontics / prɒsθə dɒntiks/ noun same proto- proto- /prəυtəυ/ prefix first or at the beginning | as prosthetic dentistry (NOTE: Takes a singular proton pump proton pump / prəυtɒn p mp/ noun an verb.) enzyme system within the gastric mucosa that prostrate prostrate / prɒstreit/ adjective lying face secretes gastric acids The drug acts on the pro- down (NOTE: Do not confuse with prostate.) ton pump mechanism. prostration prostration /prɒ streiʃ(ə)n/ noun extreme proton-pump inhibitor proton-pump inhibitor / prəυtɒn p mp in | | tiredness of body or mind hibitə/ noun a drug which suppresses the final stage of gastric acid secretion by the proton pump protamine protamine / prəυtəmi n/ noun a simple protein in the gastric mucosa found in fish, used with insulin to slow down the protoplasm insulin absorption rate protoplasm / prəυtəυ pl z(ə)m/ noun a sub- | stance like a jelly which makes up the largest part protanopia protanopia / prəυtə nəυpiə/ noun same as | of each cell Daltonism protozoa protozoa / prəυtə zəυə/ plural of protozoon protease protease / prəυtieiz/ noun a digestive enzyme | protozoan which breaks down protein in food by splitting protozoan / prəυtə zəυən/ adjective referring | the peptide link. Also called proteolytic enzyme to protozoa Protection of Children Act 1999 protozoon Protection of Children Act 1999 /prə protozoon / prəυtə zəυɒn/ noun a tiny simple | | tekʃən əv tʃildrən kt/ noun in the UK, an organism with a single cell (NOTE: The plural is Act of Parliament to protect children by restrict- protozoa or protozoons.) ing the employment of certain nurses, teachers or COMMENT: Parasitic protozoa can cause other workers whose jobs bring them into contact several diseases, including amoebiasis, ma- with children, on grounds such as misconduct or laria and other tropical diseases. health protuberance protuberance /prə tju b(ə)rəns/ noun a | protective isolation protective isolation /prə tektiv aisə rounded part of the body which projects above the | | leiʃ(ə)n/ noun a set of procedures used to protect rest people who have impaired resistance to infectious proud flesh proud flesh / praυd fleʃ/ noun new vessels disease, e.g. those with leukemia and lymphoma, and young fibrous tissue which form when a Aids and graft patients. Also called reverse iso- wound, incision or lesion is healing lation provider provider /prə vaidə/ noun a hospital which | protein protein / prəυti n/ noun a nitrogen compound provides secondary care which is paid for by which is present in and is an essential part of all another body such as a PCG or social services. living cells in the body, formed by the linking of purchaser amino acids provitamin provitamin /prəυ vitəmin/ noun a chemical| protein balance protein balance / prəυti n b ləns/ noun a compound which is converted to a vitamin during situation when the nitrogen intake in protein is usual biochemical processes, e.g. the amino acid equal to the excretion rate in the urine tryptophan, which is converted to niacin, and beta protein-bound iodine protein-bound iodine / prəυti n baυnd carotene, which is converted into vitamin A aiədi n/ noun a compound of thyroxine and proximal proximal / prɒksim(ə)l/ adjective near the mid- iodine line, the central part of the body protein-bound iodine test protein-bound iodine test / prəυti n baυnd proximal convoluted tubule proximal convoluted tubule / prɒksim(ə)l aiədi n test/ noun a test to measure if the thy- kɒnvəlu tid tju bju l/ noun a part of the kid- roid gland is producing adequate quantities of ney filtering system between the loop of Henle thyroxine. Abbreviation PBI test and the glomerulus protein deficiency protein deficiency / prəυti n di fiʃ(ə)nsi/ proximal interphalangeal joint proximal interphalangeal joint | noun a lack of enough proteins in the diet / prɒksim(ə)l intəfə l nd iəl d ɔint/ noun a | proteinuria proteinuria / prəυti njυəriə/ noun a condition joint nearest the point of attachment of a finger or | in which there are proteins in the urine toe. Abbreviation PIP proteose proximally proteose / prəυtiəυs/ noun a water-soluble proximally / prɒksimli/ adverb further towards compound formed during hydrolytic processes the centre or point of attachment. Opposite dis- tally. See illustration at ANATOMICAL TERMS in such as digestion Supplement Proteus Proteus / prəυtiəs/ noun a genus of bacteria Prozac Prozac / prəυz k/ a trade name for fluoxetine commonly found in the intestines prothrombin prurigo prothrombin /prəυ θrɒmbin/ noun a protein prurigo /pruə rai əυ/ noun an itchy eruption of | | in blood which helps blood to coagulate and papules
Nursing.fm Page 248 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM pruritus 248 pruritus psilosis pruritus /pruə raitəs/ noun an irritation of the psilosis /sai ləυsis/ noun a disease of the small | | intestine which prevents a person from absorbing skin which makes a person want to scratch. Also food properly. Also called sprue called itching psoas major pruritus ani psoas major / səυ s meid ə/ noun a muscle pruritus ani /pruə raitis einai/ noun itching | in the groin which flexes the hip round the anal orifice psoas minor pruritus vulvae psoas minor / səυ s mainə/ noun a small pruritus vulvae /pruə raitis v lvi / noun | muscle similar to the psoas major but not always itching round the vulva present pseud- pseud- /sju d/ prefix same as pseudo- (used psoriasis psoriasis /sə raiəsis/ noun a common inflam- before vowels) | matory skin disease where red patches of skin are pseudarthrosis pseudarthrosis / sju dɑ θrəυsis/ noun a | covered with white scales false joint, as when the two broken ends of a frac- psoriatic psoriatic / sɔ ri tik/ adjective referring to tured bone do not bind together but heal sepa- | psoriasis rately (NOTE: The plural is pseudarthroses.) psoriatic arthritis pseudo- psoriatic arthritis / sɔ ri tik ɑ θraitis/ pseudo- /sju dəυ/ prefix similar to something | noun a form of psoriasis which is associated with but not the same arthritis pseudoangina pseudoangina / sju dəυ n d ainə/ noun | psych- psych- /saik/ prefix same as psycho- (used pain in the chest, caused by worry but not indicat- before vowels) ing heart disease psyche psyche / saiki/ noun the mind pseudocrisis pseudocrisis / sju dəυ kraisis/ noun a sud- | den fall in the temperature of a person with fever psychedelic psychedelic / saikə delik/ adjective referring | which does not mark the end of the fever to drugs such as LSD which expand a person’s pseudocroup consciousness pseudocroup / sju dəυ kru p/ noun same as | psychiatric laryngismus psychiatric / saiki trik/ adjective referring | pseudocyesis to psychiatry He is undergoing psychiatric pseudocyesis / sju dəυsai i sis/ noun a con- | treatment. dition in which a woman has the physical symp- psychiatric hospital toms of pregnancy but is not pregnant. Also called psychiatric hospital / saiki trik | phantom pregnancy, pseudopregnancy hɒspit(ə)l/ noun a hospital which specialises in the treatment of patients with mental disorders pseudocyst pseudocyst / sju dəυsist/ noun a false cyst psychiatrist psychiatrist /sai kaiətrist/ noun a doctor who pseudogynaecomastia pseudogynaecomastia / sju dəυ ainikəυ | | | specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of men- m stiə/ noun enlargement of the male breast tal and behavioural disorders because of extra fatty tissue (NOTE: The US spell- psychiatry ing is pseudogynecomastia.) psychiatry /sai kaiətri/ noun a branch of med- | icine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment pseudohermaphroditism pseudohermaphroditism / sju dəυh | of mental and behavioural disorders m frədaitiz(ə)m/ noun a condition in which a psychic person has either ovaries or testes but external psychic / saikik/, psychical / saikik(ə)l/ genitalia that are not clearly of either sex adjective 1. referring to a person who is suppos- edly able to guess thoughts which people have not pseudohypertrophy pseudohypertrophy / sju dəυhai p trəfi/ | expressed, or to foresee the future 2. relating to or noun an overgrowth of fatty or fibrous tissue in a originating in the human mind part or organ, which results in the part or organ psycho- being enlarged psycho- /saikəυ/ prefix referring to the mind pseudomonad psychoanalysis pseudomonad / sju dəυ məυnəd/ noun a psychoanalysis / saikəυə n ləsis/ noun a | | rod-shaped bacterium which lives in soil or form of treatment for mental disorders in which a decomposing organic material and can cause dis- specialist and patient talk and together analyse the ease in plants and sometimes in humans patient’s condition and past events which may have contributed to it Pseudomonas / su dəυ məυnəs/ noun Pseudomonas | psychoanalyst psychoanalyst / saikəυ n(ə)list/ noun a pseudomonad | person who is trained in psychoanalysis pseudo-obstruction pseudo-obstruction / sju dəυ əb str kʃən/ | psychodrama psychodrama / saikəυ drɑ mə/ noun a type noun a condition in which symptoms such as | stomach cramps, nausea and bloating indicate a of psychotherapy in which patients act out roles in blockage in the intestines although no blockage dramas illustrating their emotional problems, in exists front of other patients pseudoplegia psychodynamics pseudoplegia / sju dəυ pli d ə/, pseudopa- psychodynamics / saikəυdai n miks/ noun | | ralysis / sju dəυpə r ləsis/ noun loss of mus- the study of how the forces which affect human | cular power in the limbs without true paralysis behaviour and mental states work, especially on a subconscious level pseudopolyposis pseudopolyposis / sju dəυpɒli pəυsis/ | psychogenic psychogenic / saikə d enik/, psychoge- noun a condition in which polyps are found in | netic / saikəυd ə netik/, psychogenous /sai many places in the intestine, usually resulting | | kɒd ənəs/ adjective referring to an illness from an earlier infection
Nursing.fm Page 249 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 249 ptyalin psychosexual which starts in the mind, rather than in a physical psychosexual / saikəυ sekʃuəl/ adjective | state relating to the mental and emotional aspects of sexuality and sexual development psychogeriatrics psychogeriatrics / saikəυd eri triks/ | psychosexual development noun the study of the mental disorders of the late psychosexual development / saikəυ | stages of the natural life span sekʃuəl di veləpmənt/ noun the development | of human personality in stages based upon the psychological psychological / saikə lɒd ik(ə)l/ adjective | ability to experience sexual pleasure, and the way referring to psychology, or caused by a mental in which sexuality plays a role in a person’s life state psychosis psychosis /sai kəυsis/ noun any serious men- psychological dependence psychological dependence / saikə | | tal disorder in which a person has a distorted per- lɒd ik(ə)l di pendəns/, psychological drug | ception of reality (NOTE: The plural is psycho- dependence / saikə lɒd ik(ə)l dr di | | ses.) pendəns/ noun a state in which a person is psychosocial psychosocial / saikəυ səυʃ(ə)l/ adjective addicted to a drug such as cannabis or alcohol but | relating to the interaction of psychological and does not suffer physical effects if he or she stops social factors taking it psychosomatic psychologist psychosomatic / saikəυsə m tik/ adjective psychologist /sai kɒləd ist/ noun a person | | referring to the relationship between body and who specialises in the study of the mind and men- mind tal processes psychosurgery psychosurgery / saikəυ s d əri/ noun brain psychology psychology /sai kɒləd i/ noun the study of the | | surgery, used as a treatment for psychological dis- mind and mental processes orders psychometrics psychometrics / saikə metriks/ noun a way | psychosurgical psychosurgical / saikəυ s d ik(ə)l/ adjec- of measuring intelligence and personality in | tive referring to psychosurgery which the result is shown as a number on a scale psychotherapeutic psychotherapeutic / saikəυθerə pju tik/ psychomotor psychomotor / saikə məυtə/ adjective refer- | | adjective referring to psychotherapy ring to muscle movements caused by mental psychotherapist psychotherapist / saikəυ θerəpist/ noun a activity | person trained to give psychotherapy psychoneuroimmunology psychoneuroimmunology / saikəυ | psychotherapy psychotherapy / saikəυ θerəpi/ noun the njυərəυ imjυ nɒləd i/ noun a branch of medi- | | treatment of mental disorders by psychological cine which deals with how emotions affect the methods, as when a psychotherapist encourages a immune system person to talk about his or her problems. ther- psychoneurosis psychoneurosis / saikəυnjυ rəυsis/ noun | apy any of a group of mental disorders in which a per- psychotic psychotic /sai kɒtik/ adjective referring to son has a faulty response to the stresses of life. | psychosis neurosis (NOTE: The plural is psychoneuro- ses.) psychotropic psychotropic / saikə trɒpik/ adjective refer- | psychopath ring to a drug such as a stimulant or sedative psychopath / saikəp θ/ noun a person with a which affects a person’s mood long-term mental disorder characterised by anti- social and often violent behaviour pterion pterion / tiəriɒn/ noun the point on the side of the skull where the frontal, temporal parietal and psychopathic psychopathic / saikə p θik/ adjective refer- | sphenoid bones meet ring to psychopaths or psychopathy pteroylglutamic acid pteroylglutamic acid / terəυail lu t mik psychopathological psychopathological / saikəυp θə | | sid/ noun same as folic acid lɒd ik(ə)l/ adjective referring to psychopathol- pterygium pterygium /tə rid iəm/ noun a degenerative ogy | condition in which a triangular growth of con- psychopathology psychopathology / saikəpə θɒləd i/ noun a | junctiva covers part of the cornea, with its apex branch of medicine concerned with the pathology towards the pupil of mental disorders and diseases pterygo- pterygo- /teri əυ/ suffix the pterygoid process psychopathy psychopathy /sai kɒpəθi/ noun any disease of | pterygoid process pterygoid process / teri ɔid prəυses/ noun the mind (NOTE: The plural is psychopathies.) one of two projecting parts on the sphenoid bone psychopharmacology psychopharmacology / saikəυ fɑ mə | | ptosis ptosis / təυsis/ noun prolapse of an organ kɒləd i/ noun the study of the actions and appli- cations of drugs which have a powerful effect on -ptosis -ptosis /təυsis/ suffix prolapse the mind and behaviour PTSD PTSD abbreviation post-traumatic stress disor- psychophysiological psychophysiological / saikəυ fiziə der | | lɒd ik(ə)l/ adjective referring to psychophysiol- ptyal- ptyal- /taiəl/ prefix same as ptyalo- (used ogy before vowels) psychophysiology psychophysiology / saikəυ fizi ɒləd i/ ptyalin ptyalin / taiəlin/ noun an enzyme in saliva | | noun the physiology of the mind and its functions which cleanses the mouth and converts starch into psychoses psychoses /sai kəυsi z/ plural of psychosis sugar |
Nursing.fm Page 250 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM ptyalism 250 ptyalism public health physician ptyalism / taiəliz(ə)m/ noun the production of public health physician / p blik helθ fi | an excessive amount of saliva ziʃ(ə)n/ noun a consultant who has special train- ing in public health medicine ptyalith ptyalith / taiəliθ/ noun same as sialolith pudenda pudenda /pju dendə/ plural of pudendum ptyalo- ptyalo- /taiələυ/ prefix referring to saliva | pudendal pubertal pudendal /pju dend(ə)l/ adjective referring to pubertal / pju bət(ə)l/, puberal / pju bərəl/ | the pudendum adjective referring to puberty pudendal block puberty puberty / pju bəti/ noun 1. the physical and pudendal block /pju dend(ə)l blɒk/ noun | psychological changes which take place when an operation to anaesthetise the pudendum during childhood ends and adolescence and sexual matu- childbirth rity begin and the sex glands become active 2. the pudendum pudendum /pju dendəm/ noun an external| time when these changes take place genital organ of a woman (NOTE: The plural is pubes1 / pju bi z/ noun the part of the body just pubes pudenda.) above the groin, where the pubic bones are found puerpera puerpera /pju p(ə)rə/ noun a woman who | pubes2 / pju bi z/ plural of pubis pubes has recently given birth, or is giving birth, and pubic whose uterus is still distended (NOTE: The plural pubic / pju bik/ adjective referring to the area is puerperae.) near the genitals puerperal pubic bone pubic bone / pju bik bəυn/ noun the bone in puerperal /pju p(ə)rəl/ adjective referring to | front of the pelvis. Also called pubis. See illus- the puerperium tration at UROGENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supple- puerperal infection puerperal infection /pju p(ə)rəl in | | ment fekʃən/, puerperal fever /pju p(ə)rəl fi və/ | pubic hair pubic hair / pju bik heə/ noun tough hair noun an infection of the uterus and genital tract growing in the genital region after the birth of a baby, which is more common in women who have had a caesarean section. It pubic louse pubic louse / pju bik laυs/ noun also called causes a high fever, and occasionally sepsis, Pediculus pubis which can be fatal and was commonly so in the pubic symphysis pubic symphysis / pju bik simfəsis/ noun a past. Also called postpartum fever piece of cartilage which joins the two sections of puerperalism puerperalism /pju p(ə)rəliz(ə)m/ noun an the pubic bone. Also called symphysis pubis | illness of a baby or its mother resulting from or COMMENT: In a pregnant woman, the pubic associated with childbirth symphysis stretches to allow the pelvic gir- puerperium dle to expand so that there is room for the puerperium / pju ə piəriəm/ noun a period of | baby to pass through. about six weeks which follows immediately after pubiotomy the birth of a child, during which the mother’s pubiotomy / pju bi ɒtəmi/ noun a surgical | sexual organs recover from childbirth operation to divide the pubic bone during labour, in order to make the pelvis wide enough for the puerperous puerperous /pju prəs/ adjective same as | child to be born safely (NOTE: The plural is pubi- puerperal otomies.) puke puke /pju k/ verb same as vomit (informal ) pubis pubis / pju bis/ noun a bone forming the front pull pull /pυl/ verb to make a muscle move in a wrong part of the pelvis. See illustration at PELVIS in direction He pulled a muscle in his back. to Supplement (NOTE: The plural is pubes.) pull the plug to switch off life support (informal ) public health public health / p blik helθ/ noun the study of í to pull yourself together to become calmer illness, health and disease in the community Although he was very angry he soon pulled public health laboratory service public health laboratory service / p blik himself together. helθ lə bɒrət(ə)ri s vis/ noun in the UK, a pull through pull through / pυl θru / verb to recover from a | former service of the NHS which detected, diag- serious illness (informal ) The doctor says she is nosed and monitored suspected cases of infec- strong and should pull through. tious disease in a countrywide network of labora- pulmo- pulmo- /p lməυ/, pulmon- /p lmən/ prefix tories. Abbreviation PHLS referring to the lungs public health medicine public health medicine / p blik helθ pulmonary pulmonary / p lmən(ə)ri/ adjective referring med(ə)s(ə)n/ noun the branch of medicine con- to the lungs cerned with health and disease in populations, pulmonary artery pulmonary artery / p lmən(ə)ri ɑ təri/ with the responsibilities of monitoring health, noun one of the two arteries which take deoxy- identification of health needs, development of genated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxy- policies which promote health and evaluation of genation. See illustration at HEART in Supple- health services ment public health nurse public health nurse / p blik helθ n s/ pulmonary circulation pulmonary circulation / p lmən(ə)ri noun a nurse such as a school nurse, health visitor s kjυ leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the circulation of blood or other community nurse who monitors health | and works to prevent illness in community situa- from the heart through the pulmonary arteries to tions the lungs for oxygenation and back to the heart
Nursing.fm Page 251 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 251 purine pulse point through the pulmonary veins. Also called lesser pulse point / p ls pɔint/ noun a place on the circulation body where the pulse can be taken pulmonary embolism pulmonary embolism / p lmən(ə)ri pulse pressure pulse pressure / p ls preʃə/ noun the differ- embəliz(ə)m/ noun a blockage of a pulmonary ence between the diastolic and systolic pressure. artery by a blood clot. Abbreviation PE Corrigan’s pulse pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension / p lmən(ə)ri pulse rate pulse rate / p ls reit/ noun the number of haipə tenʃən/ noun high blood pressure in the times the pulse beats per minute | blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs pulsus pulsus / p lsəs/ noun same as pulse pulmonary insufficiency pulmonary insufficiency / p lmən(ə)ri pulsus alternans pulsus alternans / p lsəs ɔ ltən nz/ noun a insə fiʃ(ə)nsi/, pulmonary incompetence pulse with a beat which is alternately strong and | / p lmən(ə)ri in kɒmpit(ə)ns/ noun a condition weak | characterised by dilatation of the main pulmonary pulsus bigeminus pulsus bigeminus / p lsəs bai eminəs/ | artery and stretching of the valve ring, due to pul- noun a double pulse, with an extra ectopic beat monary hypertension pulsus paradoxus pulsus paradoxus / p lsəs p rə dɒksəs/ pulmonary oedema | pulmonary oedema / p lmən(ə)ri i di mə/ noun a condition in which there is a sharp fall in | noun the collection of fluid in the lungs, as occurs the pulse when the person breathes in in left-sided heart failure pulvis pulvis / p lvis/ noun powder pulmonary stenosis pulmonary stenosis / p lmən(ə)ri ste | punch drunk syndrome punch drunk syndrome / p ntʃ dr ŋk nəυsis/ noun a condition in which the opening to sindrəυm/ noun a condition affecting a person, the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle usually a boxer, who has been hit on the head becomes narrow many times and develops impaired mental facul- pulmonary tuberculosis pulmonary tuberculosis / p lmən(ə)ri tju ties, trembling limbs and speech disorders | b kjυ ləυsis/ noun tuberculosis in the lungs, puncta | puncta / p ŋktə/ plural of punctum which makes the person lose weight, cough blood puncta lacrimalia puncta lacrimalia / p ŋktə l kri meiliə/ and have a fever | plural noun small openings at the corners of the pulmonary valve pulmonary valve / p lmən(ə)ri v lv/ noun a eyes through which tears drain into the nose valve at the opening of the pulmonary artery punctate punctate / p ŋkteit/ adjective referring to tis- pulmonary vein pulmonary vein / p lmən(ə)ri vein/ noun sue or a surface which has tiny spots, holes or one of the four veins which carry oxygenated dents in it blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the punctum punctum / p ŋktəm/ noun a point (NOTE: The heart. See illustration at HEART in Supplement plural is puncta.) (NOTE: The pulmonary veins are the only veins puncture puncture / p ŋktʃə/ noun a neat hole made by which carry oxygenated blood.) a sharp instrument í verb to make a hole in tissue pulmonectomy pulmonectomy / p lmə nektəmi/ noun same | with a sharp instrument (NOTE: puncturing – as pneumonectomy (NOTE: The plural is pul- punctured) monectomies.) puncture wound puncture wound / p ŋktʃə wu nd/ noun a pulp pulp /p lp/ noun soft tissue, especially when wound made by a sharp instrument which makes surrounded by hard tissue as in the inside of a a hole in the tissue tooth pupil pupil / pju p(ə)l/ noun the central opening in the pulp cavity pulp cavity / p lp k viti/ noun the central iris of the eye, through which light enters the eye. part of a tooth containing soft tissue See illustration at EYE in Supplement pulsation pulsation /p l seiʃ(ə)n/ noun the action of | pupillary pupillary / pju piləri/ adjective referring to the beating regularly, e.g. the visible pulse which can pupil be seen under the skin in some parts of the body pupillary reaction pupillary reaction / pju piləri ri kʃən/ pulse pulse /p ls/ noun the regular expansion and | noun a reflex of the pupil of the eye which con- contraction of an artery caused by the heart pump- tracts when exposed to bright light. Also called ing blood through the body, which can be felt with light reflex the fingers especially where an artery is near the purchaser purchaser / p tʃisə/ noun a body, usually a surface of the body, as in the wrist or neck Her PCG, which commissions health care and man- pulse is very irregular. to take or feel a per- ages the budget to pay for the service. provider son’s pulse to measure a person’s pulse rate by purgation purgation /p pressing on the skin above an artery with the fin- eiʃ(ə)n/ noun the use of a drug | gers Has the patient’s pulse been taken? to cause a bowel movement pulseless purgative pulseless / p lsləs/ adjective referring to a purgative / p ətiv/ noun a drug used to person who has no pulse because the heart is beat- empty the bowels. laxative ing very weakly purine purine / pjυəri n/ noun 1. a nitrogen-containing pulse oximetry pulse oximetry / p ls ɒk simətri/ noun a substance derived from uric acid which is the par- | method of measuring the oxygen content of arte- ent compound of several biologically important rial blood substances 2. a derivative of purine, especially
Nursing.fm Page 252 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM Purkinje cells 252 pyelo- either of the bases adenine and guanine, which are pyelo- /paiələυ/ prefix referring to the pelvis of found in RNA and DNA the kidney Purkinje cells pyelocystitis Purkinje cells /pə kind i selz/ plural noun pyelocystitis / paiələυsi staitis/ noun | | neurones in the cerebellar cortex [Described inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney and the 1837. After Johannes Evangelista Purkinje urinary bladder (1787–1869), Professor of Physiology at Bre- pyelogram pyelogram / paiələ r m/ noun an X-ray pho- slau, now in Poland, and then Prague, Czech tograph of a kidney and the urinary tract Republic.] pyelography pyelography / paiə lɒ rəfi/ noun X-ray exam- | Purkinje fibres Purkinje fibres /pə kind i faibəz/ plural ination of a kidney after introduction of a contrast | noun a bundle of fibres which form the atrioven- medium tricular bundle and pass from the atrioventricular pyelolithotomy pyelolithotomy / paiələυli θɒtəmi/ noun a | node to the septum [Described 1839. After surgical operation to remove a stone from the pel- Johannes Evangelista Purkinje (1787–1869), vis of the kidney (NOTE: The plural is pyelo- Professor of Physiology at Breslau, now in lithotomies.) Poland, and then Prague, Czech Republic.] pyelonephritis pyelonephritis / paiələυni fraitis/ noun Purkinje shift | Purkinje shift /pə kind i ʃift/ noun the inflammation of the kidney and the pelvis of the | change in colour sensitivity which takes place in kidney the eye in low light when the eye starts using the pyeloplasty pyeloplasty / paiələpl sti/ noun any surgical rods in the retina because the light is too weak to operation on the pelvis of the kidney (NOTE: The stimulate the cones plural is pyeloplasties.) purpura purpura / p pjυrə/ noun a purple colouring on pyelotomy pyelotomy / paiə lɒtəmi/ noun a surgical oper- the skin, similar to a bruise, caused by blood dis- | ation to make an opening in the pelvis of the kid- ease and not by trauma ney (NOTE: The plural is pyelotomies.) pursestring operation pursestring operation / p sstriŋ ɒpə pyg- pyg- /pid /, pygo- prefix relating to the buttocks | reiʃ(ə)n/ same as Shirodkar’s operation pykno- pykno- /piknəυ/ prefix indicating thickness or pursestring stitch pursestring stitch / p sstriŋ stitʃ/ noun density same as Shirodkar suture pyl- pyl- /pail/, pyle- /paili/ prefix referring to the purulent purulent / pjυərυlənt/ adjective containing or portal vein producing pus pylephlebitis pylephlebitis / pailiflə baitis/ noun thrombo- | pus pus /p s/ noun a yellow liquid composed of sis of the portal vein blood serum, pieces of dead tissue, white blood pylethrombosis pylethrombosis / pailiθrɒm bəυsis/ noun a | cells and the remains of bacteria, formed by the condition in which blood clots are present in the body in reaction to infection (NOTE: For other portal vein or any of its branches terms referring to pus, see words beginning with pylor- pylor- /pailɔ r/ prefix same as pyloro- (used py- or pyo-.) before vowels) pustule pustule / p stju l/ noun a small pimple filled pylorectomy pylorectomy / pailə rektəmi/ noun a surgical with pus | operation to remove the pylorus and the antrum of putrefaction putrefaction / pju tri f kʃən/ noun the the stomach (NOTE: The plural is pylorecto- | decomposition of organic substances by bacteria, mies.) making an unpleasant smell pylori pylori /pai lɔ ri/ plural of pylorus | p.v. p.v. adverb by way of the vagina. Full form per pyloric pyloric /pai lɒrik/ adjective referring to the | vaginam pylorus PVS PVS abbreviation persistent vegetative state pyloric antrum pyloric antrum /pai lɒrik ntrəm/ noun a | py- py- /pai/, pyo- /paiəυ/ prefix same as pyo- (used space at the bottom of the stomach, before the before vowels) pyloric sphincter pyaemia pyloric orifice pyloric orifice /pai lɒrik ɒrifis/ noun an pyaemia /pai i miə/ noun invasion of blood | | opening where the stomach joins the duodenum with bacteria which then multiply and form many little abscesses in various parts of the body (NOTE: pyloric sphincter pyloric sphincter /pai lɒrik sfiŋktə/ noun a | The US spelling is pyemia.) muscle which surrounds the pylorus, makes it pyarthrosis contract and separates it from the duodenum pyarthrosis / paiɑ θrəυsis/ noun a condition | in which a joint becomes infected with pyogenic pyloric stenosis pyloric stenosis /pai lɒrik ste nəυsis/ noun | | organisms and fills with pus. Also called acute a blockage of the pylorus, which prevents food suppurative arthritis from passing from the stomach into the duode- num pyel- pyel- /paiəl/ prefix same as pyelo- (used before pyloro- vowels) pyloro- /pai lɔ rəυ/ prefix the pylorus | pyelitis pyloroplasty pyelitis / paiə laitis/ noun inflammation of the pyloroplasty /pai lɔ rəpl sti/ noun a surgical | | central part of the kidney operation to make the pylorus larger, sometimes
Nursing.fm Page 253 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 253 pyuria pyr- combined with treatment for peptic ulcers (NOTE: pyr- /pair/ prefix same as pyro- (used before The plural is pyloroplasties.) vowels) pylorospasm pylorospasm /pai lɔ rəsp z(ə)m/ noun a pyramid pyramid / pirəmid/ noun a cone-shaped part of | muscle spasm which closes the pylorus so that the body, especially a cone-shaped projection on food cannot pass through into the duodenum the surface of the medulla oblongata or in the pylorotomy pylorotomy / pailə rɒtəmi/ noun a surgical medulla of the kidney. See illustration at KIDNEY | in Supplement operation to cut into the muscle surrounding the pylorus to relieve pyloric stenosis. Also called pyramidal pyramidal /pi r mid(ə)l/ adjective referring to | Ramstedt’s operation (NOTE: The plural is a pyramid pylorotomies.) pyramidal cell pyramidal cell /pi r mid(ə)l sel/ noun a | pylorus pylorus /pai lɔ rəs/ noun an opening at the bot- cone-shaped cell in the cerebral cortex | tom of the stomach leading into the duodenum pyramidal system pyramidal system /pi r mid(ə)l sistəm/, (NOTE: The plural is pylori.) | pyramidal tract /pi r mid(ə)l tr kt/ noun a | pyo- pyo- /paiəυ/ prefix referring to pus group of nerve fibres within the pyramid of the pyocolpos pyocolpos / paiə kɒlpəs/ noun an accumula- medulla oblongata in the brain. It is thought to be | tion of pus in the vagina vital in controlling movement and speech. pyoderma pyoderma / paiə d mə/ noun an eruption of pyret- pyret- /pairet/, pyreto- prefix relating to heat or | pus in the skin fever pyoderma gangrenosum pyoderma gangrenosum / paiəd mə pyrexia pyrexia /pai reksiə/ noun same as fever | ŋ ri nəυsəm/ noun a serious ulcerating dis- | pyridostigmine pyridostigmine / piridəυ sti mi n/ noun a ease of the skin, especially the legs, usually | drug which stops or delays the action of the treated with steroid drugs enzyme cholinesterase, used to treat myasthenia pyogenic pyogenic / paiə d enik/ adjective producing gravis | or forming pus pyridoxine pyridoxine / piri dɒksin/ noun same as Vita- pyometra pyometra / paiə mi trə/ noun an accumulation | | min B6 of pus in the uterus pyrimidine pyrimidine /pi rimidi n/ noun 1. a strong- pyomyositis pyomyositis / paiəυmaiə saitis/ noun inflam- | | smelling nitrogenous based compound with a six- mation of a muscle caused by staphylococci or sided ring structure that is the parent compound of streptococci several biologically important substances 2. a pyonephrosis pyonephrosis / paiəυni frəυsis/ noun the derivative of pyrimidine, especially any of the | distension of the kidney with pus bases cytosine, thymine, and uracil which are pyopericarditis pyopericarditis / paiəυperikɑ daitis/ noun found in RNA and DNA | an inflammation of the pericardium due to infec- pyro- pyro- /pairəυ/ prefix burning or fever tion with staphylococci, streptococci or pneumo- pyrogen pyrogen / pairəd en/ noun a substance which cocci causes a fever pyopneumothorax pyopneumothorax / paiəυ nju məυ | | pyrogenic pyrogenic / pairə d enik/ adjective causing a θɔ r ks/ noun an accumulation of pus and gas | fever or air in the pleural cavity pyromania pyromania / pairəυ meiniə/ noun an uncon- pyorrhoea pyorrhoea / paiə riə/ noun discharge of pus | | trollable desire to start fires (NOTE: The US spelling is pyorrhea.) pyruvic acid pyruvic acid /pai ru vik sid/ noun a sub- pyosalpinx pyosalpinx / paiə s lpiŋks/ noun inflamma- | | stance formed from glycogen in the muscles tion and formation of pus in a Fallopian tube when it is broken down to release energy pyothorax pyothorax / paiə θɔ r ks/ noun same as | pyuria pyuria /pai jυəriə/ noun pus in the urine empyema |
Nursing.fm Page 254 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM Q q.d.s. qualitative qualitative / kwɒlitətiv/ adjective referring to q.d.s. adverb (written on prescriptions) to be a study in which descriptive information is col- taken four times a day. Full form quater in die lected. Compare quantitative sumendus quality Q fever quality / kwɒliti/ noun 1. a characteristic of Q fever / kju fi və/ noun an infectious rickett- somebody or something 2. the general standard or sial disease of sheep and cows caused by Coxiella grade of something 3. the highest or finest stand- burnetti transmitted to humans ard QRS complex QRS complex / kju ɑ r es kɒmpleks/ noun quality assurance quality assurance / kwɒliti ə ʃυərəns/ noun the deflections on an electrocardiogram, labelled | a set of criteria which are designed to check that Q, R, and S, which show ventricular contraction. people in an organisation maintain a high stand- PQRST complex ard in the products or services they supply q.s. q.s. adverb (written on prescriptions) as much as quality circle quality circle / kwɒləti s k(ə)l/ noun a necessary. Full form quantum sufficiat group of employees from different levels of an Q-T interval Q-T interval / kju ti intəv(ə)l/, Q-S2 inter- organisation who meet regularly to discuss ways val / kju es tu intəv(ə)l/ noun the length of of improving the quality of its products or serv- the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram. ices PQRST complex Qualpacs Qualpacs / kwɒlp ks/, Quality Patient Care quad quad /kwɒd/ noun same as quadruplet Scale / kwɒliti peiʃ(ə)nt keə skeil/ noun a (informal ) method which guides nurses to evaluate their quadrant quadrant / kwɒdrənt/ noun one of four sectors activity in terms of efficiency of cost, time, use of of the body thought of as being divided by the skill level and workload sagittal plane and the intertubercular plane ten- quantitative quantitative / kwɒntitətiv/ adjective referring derness in the right lower quadrant to a study in which numerical information is col- quadratus femoris quadratus femoris /kwɒ dreitəs feməris/ lected. Compare qualitative | noun a muscle at the top of the femur which quantitative digital radiography quantitative digital radiography rotates the thigh / kwɒntitətiv did it(ə)l reidi ɒ rəfi/ noun | quadri- the use of digital X-ray scans to find out whether quadri- /kwɒdri/ prefix four a person has a bone disease such as osteoporosis. quadriceps quadriceps / kwɒdriseps/, quadriceps fem- The levels of calcium in the bones are measured, oris / kwɒdriseps femɒris/ noun a large mus- usually in the spine and hip. cle in the front of the thigh, which extends to the quarantine quarantine / kwɒrənti n/ noun 1. the situation leg in which a person, animal or ship just arrived in a quadriplegia quadriplegia / kwɒdri pli d ə/ noun paralysis | country is kept isolated in case it carries a serious of all four limbs, both arms and both legs disease, to allow the disease time to develop and quadriplegic quadriplegic / kwɒdri pli d ik/ adjective par- be detected 2. the period of such isolation to pre- | alysed in both arms and both legs í noun a per- vent the spread of disease six months’ quaran- son paralysed in both arms and both legs tine í verb to put a person or animal in quaran- tine (NOTE: quarantining – quarantined) quadruple quadruple / kwɒdrυp(ə)l/ adjective 1. consist- quartan fever ing of four times as much 2. having four parts quartan fever / kwɔ t(ə)n fi və/ noun a form of malaria caused by Plasmodium malariae in quadruplet quadruplet / kwɒdrυplət/ noun one of four which the fever returns every four days. tertian babies born to a mother at the same time. Also fever called quad queasiness queasiness / kwi zinəs/ noun the feeling of quadruple vaccine quadruple vaccine / kwɒdrυp(ə)l v ksi n/ being about to vomit noun a vaccine which immunises against four dis- queasy queasy / kwi zi/ adjective feeling as though eases, diphtheria, whooping cough, poliomyelitis and tetanus about to vomit
Nursing.fm Page 255 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 255 Q wave Queckenstedt test drugs have names ending in -oxacin: cipro- Queckenstedt test / kwekənsted test/ noun floxacin) a test done during a lumbar puncture in which pressure is applied to the jugular veins to see if the quinsy quinsy / kwinzi/ noun acute throat inflamma- cerebrospinal fluid is flowing correctly tion with an abscess round a tonsil. Also called [Described 1916. After Hans Heinrich George peritonsillar abscess Queckenstedt (1876–1918), German physician.] quint quint /kwint/ noun US same as quintuplet quickening quickening / kwikniŋ/ noun the first sign of quintuplet quintuplet / kwintjυplət/ noun one of five life in an unborn baby, usually after about four months of pregnancy, when the mother can feel it babies born to a mother at the same time. Also moving in her uterus called quin, quint quiescent quiescent /kwi es(ə)nt/ adjective referring to a quotidian quotidian /kwəυ tidiən/ adjective recurring | | disease with symptoms reduced either by treat- daily ment or in the usual course of the disease quotidian fever quotidian fever /kwəυ tidiən fi və/ noun a quin quin /kwin/ noun same as quintuplet (informal ) | violent form of malaria in which the fever returns (NOTE: The US term is quint.) at daily or even shorter intervals quinine quinine /kwi ni n/ noun an alkaloid drug made | quotient quotient / kwəυʃ(ə)nt/ noun the result when from the bark of cinchona, a South American tree one number is divided by another quinolone quinolone / kwinələυn/ noun a drug used to Q wave Q wave / kju weiv/ noun a negative deflection treat Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts and at the start of the QRS complex on an electrocar- of the gastro-intestinal system (NOTE: Quinolone diogram, going downwards
Nursing.fm Page 256 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM R R radial reflex radial reflex / reidiəl ri fleks/ noun a jerk R symbol roentgen made by the forearm when the insertion in the R/ R/ abbreviation prescription. Full form recipe radius of one of the muscles, the brachioradialis, rabid rabid / r bid/ adjective referring to rabies, or is hit affected by rabies She was bitten by a rabid radiant radiant / reidiənt/ adjective 1. lit with a bright dog. or glowing light 2. referring to light, heat or other rabid encephalitis rabid encephalitis / r bid en kefə laitis/ energy sent out in the form of rays or waves 3. | | noun a fatal form of encephalitis resulting from sending out light, heat or other energy in the form the bite of a rabid animal of rays or waves rabies rabies / reibi z/ noun a frequently fatal viral radiation radiation / reidi eiʃ(ə)n/ noun waves of energy | disease transmitted to humans by infected ani- which are given off by some substances, espe- mals The hospital ordered a batch of rabies cially radioactive substances vaccine. Also called hydrophobia radiation burn radiation burn / reidi eiʃ(ə)n b n/ noun a | racemose racemose / r siməυs/ adjective referring to burn on the skin caused by exposure to large glands which look like a bunch of grapes amounts of radiation rachi- rachi- /reiki/ prefix same as rachio- (used radiation sickness radiation sickness / reidi eiʃ(ə)n siknəs/ | before vowels) noun an illness caused by exposure to radiation rachides from radioactive substances rachides / reikidi z/ plural of rachis radiation treatment radiation treatment / reidi eiʃ(ə)n rachio- rachio- /reikiəυ/ prefix referring to the spine | tri tmənt/ noun same as radiotherapy rachis rachis / reikis/ noun same as backbone (NOTE: radical radical / r dik(ə)l/ adjective aiming to deal The plural is rachises or rachides.) with the root of a problem, taking thorough action rachischisis rachischisis /rei kiskisis/ noun same as | to remove the source of a disease rather than treat spina bifida its symptoms rachitic rachitic /rə kitik/ adjective referring to rickets radical mastectomy radical mastectomy / r dik(ə)l m | | rachitis rachitis /rə kaitis/ noun same as rickets stektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove a | rad breast and the lymph nodes and muscles associ- rad /r d/ noun a unit of measurement of ated with it absorbed radiation dose. becquerel, gray radical mastoidectomy (NOTE: Gray is now used to mean one hundred radical mastoidectomy / r dik(ə)l m stɔi | rads.) dektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove all of the mastoid process radial radial / reidiəl/ adjective 1. referring to some- radical treatment radical treatment / r dik(ə)l tri tmənt/ thing which branches 2. referring to the radius bone in the arm noun treatment which aims at complete eradica- tion of a disease radial artery radial artery / reidiəl ɑ təri/ noun an artery radicle radicle / r dik(ə)l/ noun a small root or vein which branches from the brachial artery, running near the radius, from the elbow to the palm of the radicular radicular /rə dikjυlə/ adjective referring to a | hand radicle radial nerve radial nerve / reidiəl n v/ noun the main radiculitis radiculitis /rə dikjυ laitis/ noun inflammation | | motor nerve in the arm, running down the back of of a radicle of a cranial or spinal nerve the upper arm and the outer side of the forearm radio- radio- /reidiəυ/ prefix 1. referring to radiation 2. radial pulse radial pulse / reidiəl p ls/ noun the main referring to radioactive substances 3. referring to pulse in the wrist, taken near the outer edge of the the radius in the arm forearm just above the wrist radioactive radioactive / reidiəυ ktiv/ adjective with a | radial recurrent radial recurrent / reidiəl ri k rənt/ noun an nucleus which disintegrates and gives off energy | artery in the arm which forms a loop beside the in the form of radiation which can pass through brachial artery other substances
Nursing.fm Page 257 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 257 rape radioactive isotope radio-opaque radio-opaque / reidiəυ əυ peik/ adjective radioactive isotope / reidiəυ ktiv | aisətəυp/ noun an isotope which sends out radi- absorbing and blocking radiant energy, e.g. X- ation, used in radiotherapy and scanning rays radio-opaque dye radioactivity radio-opaque dye / reidiəυ əυ peik dai/ radioactivity / reidiəυ k tiviti/ noun energy | | noun a liquid which appears on an X-ray, and in the form of radiation emitted by a radioactive which is introduced into soft organs such as the substance kidney so that they show up clearly on an X-ray radiobiologist radiobiologist / reidiəυbai ɒləd ist/ noun a | photograph doctor who specialises in radiobiology radiopaque radiopaque / reidiəυ peik/ adjective same as radiobiology radiobiology / reidiəυbai ɒləd i/ noun the | | radio-opaque scientific study of radiation and its effects on liv- radioscopy radioscopy / reidi ɒskəpi/ noun an examina- ing things | tion of an X-ray photograph on a fluorescent radiocarpal joint radiocarpal joint / reidiəυ kɑ p(ə)l d ɔint/ | screen noun the joint where the radius articulates with radiosensitive radiosensitive / reidiəυ sensitiv/ adjective the scaphoid, one of the carpal bones. Also called | referring to a cancer cell which is sensitive to wrist joint radiation and can be treated by radiotherapy radiodermatitis radiodermatitis / reidiəυ d mə taitis/ noun | | radiotherapist radiotherapist / reidiəυ θerəpist/ noun a inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to | doctor who specialises in radiotherapy radiation radiotherapy radiograph radiotherapy / reidiəυ θerəpi/ noun the treat- radiograph / reidiə rɑ f/ noun an image pro- | ment of diseases by exposing the affected part to duced on film or another sensitive surface when radioactive rays such as X-rays or gamma rays radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays passes through an object í verb to make a radiograph of radium radium / reidiəm/ noun a radioactive metallic something, especially a part of the body element (NOTE: The chemical symbol is Ra.) radiographer radiographer / reidi ɒ rəfə/ noun 1. a person radius radius / reidiəs/ noun the shorter and outer of | specially trained to operate a machine to take X- the two bones in the forearm between the elbow ray photographs or radiographs. Also called diag- and the wrist. See illustration at HAND in Supple- nostic radiographer 2. a person specially ment (NOTE: The plural is radii. The other bone trained to use X-rays or radioactive isotopes in the in the forearm is the ulna.) treatment of patients. Also called therapeutic radix radix / reidiks/ noun same as root (NOTE: The radiographer plural is radices or radixes.) radiography radiography / reidi ɒ rəfi/ noun the work of radon radon / reidɒn/ noun a radioactive gas, formed | examining the internal parts of the body by taking from the radioactive decay of radium, and used in X-ray photographs capsules called radon seeds to treat cancers inside radioimmunoassay radioimmunoassay / reidiəυ imjυnəυ the body (NOTE: The chemical symbol is Rn.) | | sei/ noun the use of radioactive tracers to rale rale /rɑ l/ noun same as crepitation investigate the presence of antibodies in blood Ramstedt’s operation Ramstedt’s operation / rɑ mstets ɒpə samples, in order to measure the antibodies them- | reiʃ(ə)n/ noun same as pylorotomy [Described selves or the amount of particular substances, 1912. After Wilhelm Conrad Ramstedt (1867– such as hormones, in the blood 1963), German surgeon.] radioisotope radioisotope / reidiəυ aisətəυp/ noun an iso- | ramus ramus / reiməs/ noun 1. a branch of a nerve, tope of a chemical element which is radioactive artery or vein 2. the ascending part on each side of radiologist radiologist / reidi ɒləd ist/ noun a doctor the mandible (NOTE: The plural is rami.) | who specialises in radiology R&D R & D abbreviation research and development radiology radiology / reidi ɒləd i/ noun the use of radia- | randomised randomised / r ndəmaizd/, randomized tion to diagnose disorders, e.g. through the use of adjective involving subjects which have been X-rays or radioactive tracers, or to treat diseases selected without a prearranged plan and in no par- such as cancer ticular pattern or order radiomimetic radiomimetic / reidiəυmi metik/ adjective | ranitidine ranitidine /r nitidi n/ noun a drug which referring to a drug or chemical which produces | reduces the amount of acid released by the stom- similar effects to those of radiation, e.g. the nitro- ach. It is used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis. gen mustard group of chemicals used in chemo- ranula ranula / r njυlə/ noun a small cyst under the therapy tongue, on the floor of the mouth, which forms radionuclide radionuclide / reidiəυ nju klaid/ noun an ele- | when a salivary duct is blocked ment which gives out radiation Ranvier / rɑ nvi ei/ node of Ranvier Ranvier radionuclide scan radionuclide scan / reidiəυ nju klaid | | rape rape /reip/ noun the crime of forcing somebody sk n/ noun a scan, especially of the brain, where to have sexual intercourse í verb to force some- radionuclides are put in compounds which are concentrated in particular parts of the body body to have sexual intercourse
Nursing.fm Page 258 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM raphe 258 raphe reactivate raphe / reifi/ noun a long thin fold which looks reactivate /ri ktiveit/ verb to make some- | like a seam, along a midline such as on the dorsal thing active again His general physical weak- face of the tongue ness has reactivated the dormant virus. rapid eye movement sleep reactive rapid eye movement sleep / r pid ai reactive /ri ktiv/ adjective taking place as a | mu vmənt sli p/ noun same as REM sleep reaction to something else rapport reagent rapport /r pɔ / noun an emotional bond or reagent /ri eid (ə)nt/ noun a chemical sub- | | friendly relationship between people a psychi- stance which reacts with another substance, espe- atrist who quickly establishes a rapport with his cially one which is used to detect the presence of patients the second substance rarefaction real-time imaging rarefaction / reəri f kʃən/ noun a condition real-time imaging / riəl taim imid iŋ/ noun | in which bone tissue becomes more porous and the use of ultrasound information to produce a less dense because of a lack of calcium series of images of a process or changing object almost instantly rash rash /r ʃ/ noun a mass of small spots which rear stays on the skin for a period of time, and then dis- rear /riə/, rear end /riə end/ noun same as but- appears tock (informal ) raspatory recalcitrant raspatory / r spət(ə)ri/ noun a surgical instru- recalcitrant /ri k lsitrənt/ adjective not | ment like a file, which is used to scrape the sur- responding to treatment a recalcitrant condi- face of a bone tion rate recall rate /reit/ noun 1. the amount or proportion of recall /ri kɔ l/ noun the act of remembering | something from the past í verb /ri kɔ l/ to something compared with something else 2. the | number of times something happens in a set time remember something which happened in the past The heart was beating at a rate of only 59 per receptor receptor /ri septə/, receptor cell /ri septə | | minute. sel/ noun a nerve ending or cell which senses a ratio ratio / reiʃiəυ/ noun a number which shows a change such as cold or heat in the surrounding proportion or which is the result of one number environment or in the body and reacts to it by divided by another An IQ is the ratio of the per- sending an impulse to the central nervous system son’s mental age to his or her chronological age. recess recess /ri ses/ noun a hollow part in an organ | Raynaud’s disease Raynaud’s disease / reinəυz di zi z/, Ray- recessive recessive /ri sesiv/ adjective (of an allele) | naud’s phenomenon / reinəυz fi nɒminən/ | | having the characteristic that leads to the trait noun a condition with various possible causes in which it controls being suppressed by the pres- which the blood supply to the fingers and toes is ence of the corresponding dominant allele. Com- restricted and they become cold, white and numb. pare dominant Also called dead man’s fingers, vasospasm recipient recipient /ri sipiənt/ noun a person who [Described 1862. After Maurice Raynaud | receives something such as a transplant or a blood (1834–81), French physician.] transfusion from a donor RBC RBC abbreviation red blood cell recombinant DNA recombinant DNA /ri kɒmbinənt di en ei/ RCGP RCGP abbreviation Royal College of General | noun DNA extracted from two or more different Practitioners sources and joined together to form a single mol- RCN RCN abbreviation Royal College of Nursing ecule or fragment. This technology is used to pro- RCOG duce molecules and organisms with new proper- RCOG abbreviation Royal College of Obstetri- ties. cians and Gynaecologists recover RCP recover /ri k və/ verb to get better after an ill- RCP abbreviation Royal College of Physicians | ness, operation or accident She recovered from RCPsych RCPsych / ɑ si saik/ abbreviation Royal her concussion in a few days. It will take him College of Psychiatrists weeks to recover from the accident. (NOTE: You RCS RCS abbreviation Royal College of Surgeons recover from an illness.) RCT RCT abbreviation randomised controlled trial recovery recovery /ri k v(ə)ri/ noun the process of | reaction returning to health after being ill or injured reaction /ri kʃən/ noun 1. an action which | takes place as a direct result of something which recovery position recovery position /ri k v(ə)ri pə ziʃ(ə)n/ | | has happened earlier A rash appeared as a noun a position in which someone is lying face reaction to the penicillin injection. 2. the particu- downwards, with one knee and one arm bent for- lar response of someone to a test wards and the face turned to one side reactionary reactionary /ri kʃən(ə)ri/ adjective same as recovery room recovery room /ri k v(ə)ri ru m/ noun a | | reactive room in a hospital where patients are cared for reactionary haemorrhage reactionary haemorrhage /ri kʃən(ə)ri after they have had a surgical operation and are | hem(ə)rid / noun bleeding which follows an recovering from the effects of the anaesthetic. operation Abbreviation RR
Nursing.fm Page 259 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 259 reflective practice recreational drug recurrent recurrent /ri k rənt/ adjective 1. occurring in recreational drug / rekri eiʃ(ə)n(ə)l dr / | | the same way many times 2. referring to a vein, noun a drug that is taken for pleasure rather than artery or nerve which forms a loop because of medical need recurrent abortion recurrent abortion /ri k rənt ə bɔ ʃ(ə)n/ recrudescence recrudescence / ri kru des(ə)ns/ noun the | | | noun a condition in which a woman has abortions reappearance of symptoms of a disease which with one pregnancy after another seemed to have got better recurrent fever recurrent fever /ri k rənt fi və/ noun a fever rect- rect- /rekt/ prefix same as recto- (used before | like malaria which returns at regular intervals vowels) red blood cell red blood cell / red bl d sel/ noun a blood rectal rectal / rekt(ə)l/ adjective referring to the rec- cell which contains haemoglobin and carries oxy- tum gen to the tissues and takes carbon dioxide from rectal fissure rectal fissure / rekt(ə)l fiʃə/ noun a crack in them. Abbreviation RBC. Also called erythro- the wall of the anal canal cyte rectal prolapse rectal prolapse / rekt(ə)l prəυl ps/ noun a Red Crescent Red Crescent / red krez(ə)nt/ noun in condition in which part of the rectum moves Islamic countries, an international organisation downwards and passes through the anus dedicated to the medical care of the sick and recto- wounded in wars and natural disasters (NOTE: It is recto- /rektəυ/ prefix referring to the rectum known as the Red Cross elsewhere.) rectocele rectocele / rektəυsi l/ noun a condition associ- Red Cross Red Cross / red krɒs/ noun an international ated with prolapse of the uterus, in which the rec- organisation dedicated to the medical care of the tum protrudes into the vagina. Also called proc- sick and wounded in wars and natural disasters tocele (NOTE: It is known as the Red Crescent in rectopexy rectopexy / rektəυpeksi/ noun a surgical oper- Islamic countries.) ation to attach a rectum which has prolapsed Redivac drain Redivac drain / rediv k drein/, Redivac rectoscope rectoscope / rektəskəυp/ noun an instrument drainage tube / rediv k dreinid tju b/ for looking into the rectum trademark a tube which drains fluid away from rectosigmoid rectosigmoid / rektəυ si mɔid/ noun the part the inside of a wound into a bottle, used mainly | of the large intestine where the sigmoid colon after operations on the abdomen joins the rectum reducible reducible /ri dju sib(ə)l/ adjective capable of | rectosigmoidectomy rectosigmoidectomy / rektəυ si mɔi being reduced | | dektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of the sig- reducible hernia reducible hernia /ri dju sib(ə)l h niə/ | moid colon and the rectum noun a hernia where the organ can be pushed rectovaginal rectovaginal / rektəυvə d ain(ə)l/ adjective back into place without an operation | relating to both the rectum and the vagina reduction reduction /ri d kʃən/ noun the action of | rectovaginal examination putting a hernia, a dislocated joint or a broken rectovaginal examination / rektəυvə | bone back into the correct position d ain(ə)l i z mi neiʃ(ə)n/ noun an examina- | | reduction division tion of the rectum and vagina reduction division /ri d kʃən di vi (ə)n/ | | noun same as meiosis rectovesical rectovesical / rektəυ vesik(ə)l/ adjective | refer refer /ri f / verb 1. to mention or to talk about referring to the rectum and the bladder | something The doctor referred to the patient’s rectum rectum / rektəm/ noun the end part of the large history of sinus problems. 2. to pass on informa- intestine leading from the sigmoid colon to the tion about a patient to someone else They anus. See illustration at DIGESTIVE SYSTEM in referred her case to a gynaecologist. 3. to send Supplement, UROGENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in someone to another doctor, usually a specialist, Supplement (NOTE: For other terms referring to for advice or treatment She was referred to a the rectum, see words beginning with proct-, cardiologist. procto-.) referral referral /ri f rəl/ noun the act of sending some- rectus rectus / rektəs/ noun a straight muscle (NOTE: | one to a specialist She asked for a referral to a The plural is recti.) gynaecologist. rectus abdominis rectus abdominis / rektəs b dɒminis/ referred pain referred pain /ri f d pein/ noun same as | | noun a long straight muscle which runs down the synalgia front of the abdomen reflection reflection /ri flekʃən/ noun 1. the image of rectus femoris | rectus femoris / rektəs femɒris/ noun a somebody or something which is seen in a mirror flexor muscle in the front of the thigh, one of the or still water 2. the process of reflecting some- four parts of the quadriceps femoris. medial thing, especially light, sound or heat 3. careful recumbent recumbent /ri k mbənt/ adjective lying down thought 4. a situation in which an anatomical | structure bends back upon itself recuperation recuperation /ri ku pə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | | reflective practice reflective practice /ri flektiv pr ktis/ noun process of getting better after an illness His | recuperation will take several months. the process of improving professional skills by
Nursing.fm Page 260 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM reflex 260 registered midwife monitoring your own actions while they are being registered midwife / red istəd midwaif/ carried out, and by then later evaluating them by noun a qualified midwife who is registered to talking or writing about them and asking other practise professionals to give their assessments of you Registered Nurse Registered Nurse / red istəd n s/, Regis- reflex reflex / ri fleks/, reflex action / ri fleks tered General Nurse / red istəd d en(ə)rəl kʃən/ noun a physiological reaction without n s/, Registered Theatre Nurse / red istəd any conscious thought involved, e.g. a knee jerk θiətə n s/ noun a nurse who has been regis- or a sneeze, which happens in response to a par- tered by the UKCC. Abbreviation RN, RGN, RTN ticular stimulus registrar registrar / red i strɑ / noun 1. a qualified doc- | reflex arc reflex arc / ri fleks ɑ k/ noun the basic system tor or surgeon in a hospital who supervises house of a reflex action, where a receptor is linked to a officers 2. a person who registers something offi- motor neurone which in turn is linked to an effec- cially tor muscle registration registration / red i streiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of | reflexologist reflexologist / ri flək sɒləd ist/ noun a per- registering A doctor cannot practise without | registration by the General Medical Council. son specialising in reflexology regression reflexology regression /ri reʃ(ə)n/ noun a stage where reflexology / ri flek sɒləd i/ noun a treatment | | symptoms of a disease are disappearing and the to relieve tension by massaging the soles of the person is getting better feet and thereby stimulating the nerves and increasing the blood supply regurgitation regurgitation /ri d i teiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | | reflux process of flowing back in the opposite direction reflux / ri fl ks/ noun a situation where a fluid to the usual flow, especially of bringing up partly flows in the opposite direction to its usual flow digested food from the stomach into the mouth The valves in the veins prevent blood reflux. rehabilitation vesicoureteric reflux rehabilitation / ri əbili teiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | process of making someone fit to work or to lead reflux oesophagitis reflux oesophagitis / ri fl ks i sɒfə | | an ordinary life again d aitis/ noun inflammation of the oesophagus rehydration caused by regurgitation of acid juices from the rehydration / ri hai dreiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of | stomach giving water or liquid to someone who has dehy- dration refraction refraction /ri fr kʃən/ noun a change of direc- | Reiter’s syndrome tion of light rays as they enter a medium such as Reiter’s syndrome / raitəz sindrəυm/, the eye Reiter’s disease / raitəz di zi z/ noun an ill- | ness which may be sexually transmitted and refractory refractory /ri fr kt(ə)ri/ adjective difficult or | affects mainly men, causing arthritis, urethritis impossible to treat, or not responding to treatment and conjunctivitis at the same time [Described refractory period refractory period /ri fr kt(ə)ri piəriəd/ 1916. After Hans Conrad Reiter (1881–1969), | noun a short space of time after the ventricles of German bacteriologist and hygienist.] the heart have contracted, when they cannot con- reject reject /ri d ekt/ verb 1. to refuse to accept tract again | something 2. to be unable to tolerate tissue or an refrigeration refrigeration /ri frid ə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the organ transplanted from another body because it | | process of making something cold is immunologically incompatible The new regeneration heart was rejected by the body. They gave the regeneration /ri enə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | | patient drugs to prevent the transplant being process where tissue that has been destroyed rejected. 3. to be unable to keep food down and grows again vomit it up again regimen regimen / red imən/ noun a fixed course of rejection rejection /ri d ekʃən/ noun the act of rejecting treatment, e.g. a course of drugs or a special diet | tissue The patient was given drugs to reduce regional regional / ri d (ə)nəl/ adjective in a particular the possibility of tissue rejection. region, referring to a particular region relapse relapse / ri l ps, ri l ps/ noun a situation in register register / red istə/ noun an official list í verb | which someone gets worse after seeming to be to write a name on an official list, especially the getting better, or where a disease appears again official list of patients treated by a GP or dentist, after seeming to be cured í verb to return to an or the list of people with a particular disease He earlier and worse state, especially to get ill again is a registered heroin addict. They went to reg- after getting better She relapsed into a coma. ister the birth with the Registrar of Births, Mar- relapsing fever relapsing fever /ri l psiŋ fi və/ noun a dis- riages and Deaths. to register with someone | ease caused by a bacterium, where attacks of to put your name on someone’s official list, espe- fever recur from time to time cially the list of patients treated by a GP or dentist relative density relative density / relətiv densiti/ noun the Before registering with the GP, she asked if she could visit him. All practising doctors are reg- ratio of the density of a substance to the density of istered with the General Medical Council. a standard substance at the same temperature and
Nursing.fm Page 261 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 261 rep renal calculus pressure. For liquids and solids the standard sub- renal calculus / ri n(ə)l k lkjυləs/ noun a stance is usually water, and for gases, it is air. small hard mineral mass called a stone in the kid- relative risk ney relative risk / relətiv risk/ noun a measure of the likelihood of developing a disease for people renal capsule renal capsule / ri n(ə)l k psju l/ noun same who are exposed to a particular risk, relative to as fibrous capsule people who are not exposed to the same risk. For renal colic renal colic / ri n(ə)l kɒlik/ noun a sudden pain example, the relative risk of myocardial infarction caused by a kidney stone or stones in the ureter for oral contraceptive users is 1.6 times that of renal corpuscle renal corpuscle / ri n(ə)l kɔ p s(ə)l/ noun non-users. Abbreviation RR part of a nephron in the cortex of a kidney. Also relaxant relaxant /ri l ksənt/ noun a substance which called Malpighian body | relieves strain í adjective relieving strain renal cortex renal cortex / ri n(ə)l kɔ teks/ noun the outer relaxation relaxation / ri l k seiʃ(ə)n/ noun the process covering of the kidney, immediately beneath the | of reducing strain in a muscle capsule. See illustration at KIDNEY in Supplement relaxation therapy relaxation therapy / ri l k seiʃ(ə)n θerəpi/ renal dialysis renal dialysis / ri n(ə)l dai ləsis/ noun a | | noun a treatment in which people are encouraged method of artificially maintaining the chemical to relax their muscles to reduce stress balance of the blood when the kidneys have relaxin relaxin /ri l ksin/ noun a hormone which is failed, or the process of using this method. Also | secreted by the placenta to make the cervix relax called dialysis and open fully in the final stages of pregnancy renal hypertension renal hypertension / ri n(ə)l haipə tenʃən/ | before childbirth noun high blood pressure linked to kidney disease release release /ri li s/ noun the process of allowing renal medulla renal medulla / ri n(ə)l me d lə/ noun the | | something to go out the slow release of the drug inner part of a kidney containing no glomeruli. into the bloodstream í verb to let something out See illustration at KIDNEY in Supplement Hormones are released into the body by glands. renal pelvis renal pelvis / ri n(ə)l pelvis/ noun the upper releasing factor releasing factor /ri li siŋ f ktə/ noun a sub- | and wider part of the ureter leading from the kid- stance produced in the hypothalamus which ney where urine is collected before passing down encourages the release of hormones the ureter into the bladder. Also called pelvis of releasing hormone releasing hormone /ri li siŋ hɔ məυn/ the kidney. See illustration at KIDNEY in Supple- | noun a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus ment which makes the pituitary gland release particular renal transplant renal transplant / ri n(ə)l tr nsplɑ nt/ noun hormones. Also called hypothalamic hormone a kidney transplant rem rem /rem/ noun a unit for measuring amounts of renal tubule renal tubule / ri n(ə)l tju bju l/ noun a tiny radiation, equal to the effect that one roentgen of tube which is part of a nephron. Also called X-rays or gamma-rays would produce in a human uriniferous tubule being. It is used in radiation protection and moni- reni- reni- /ri ni/ prefix referring to the kidneys toring. renin renin / ri nin/ noun an enzyme secreted by the REM REM /rem/ abbreviation rapid eye movement. kidney to prevent loss of sodium, and which also REM sleep affects blood pressure remission remission /ri miʃ(ə)n/ noun a period when an | rennin rennin / renin/ noun an enzyme which makes illness or fever is less severe milk coagulate in the stomach, so as to slow down re. mist. re. mist. / ri mist/ adverb (on a prescription) the passage of the milk through the digestive sys- repeat the same mixture. Full form repetatur tem mistura reno- reno- /ri nəυ/ prefix referring to the kidneys REM sleep REM sleep / rem sli p/ noun a stage of sleep renovascular system renovascular system / ri nəυ v skjυlə which happens several times each night and is | sistəm/ noun the blood vessels associated with characterised by dreaming, rapid eye movement the kidney and increased pulse rate and brain activity. Also called rapid eye movement sleep reorganisation reorganisation /ri ɔ ənai zeiʃ(ə)n/, reor- | | COMMENT: During REM sleep, a person ganization noun 1. a change in the way some- dreams, breathes lightly and has a raised thing is organised or done 2. the process of chang- blood pressure and an increased rate of ing the way something is organised or done 3. an heartbeat. The eyes may be half-open, and occasion when a business or organisation is given the sleeper may make facial movements. a completely new structure ren- ren- /ri n/ prefix same as reno- (used before reovirus reovirus / ri əυ vairəs/ noun a virus which | vowels) affects both the intestine and the respiratory sys- renal renal / ri n(ə)l/ adjective referring to the kidneys tem, but does not cause serious illness. Compare echovirus renal artery renal artery / ri n(ə)l ɑ təri/ noun one of two rep rep /rep/ adverb (written on a prescription) arteries running from the abdominal aorta to the kidneys repeat. Full form repetatur
Nursing.fm Page 262 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM repetitive strain injury 262 repetitive strain injury resection repetitive strain injury /ri petitiv strein resection /ri sekʃən/ noun the surgical | | ind əri/, repetitive stress injury /ri petitiv removal of any part of the body | stres ind əri/ noun pain, usually in a limb, felt resection of the prostate resection of the prostate /ri sekʃən əv ðə | by someone who performs the same movement prɒsteit/ noun same as transurethral prosta- many times over a period, e.g. when operating a tectomy computer terminal or playing a musical instru- resectoscope resectoscope /ri sektəskəυp/ noun a surgical | ment. Abbreviation RSI instrument used to carry out a transurethral resec- replantation replantation / ri plɑ n teiʃ(ə)n/ noun a surgi- tion | cal technique which reattaches parts of the body reservoir reservoir / rezəvwɑ / noun 1. a cavity in an which have been accidentally cut or torn off organ or group of tissues in which fluids collect replication replication / repli keiʃ(ə)n/ noun the process and are stored 2. an organism in which a parasite | in the division of a cell, where the DNA makes lives and develops without damaging it, but from copies of itself which the parasite then passes to another species repolarisation repolarisation /ri pəυlərai zeiʃ(ə)n/, repo- which is damaged by it 3. a part of a machine or | | larization noun the restoration of the usual elec- piece of equipment where liquid is stored for it to trical polarity of a nerve or muscle cell membrane use after reversal of its polarity while a nerve impulse resident resident / rezid(ə)nt/ adjective living in a place or muscle contraction travelled along it residential residential / rezi denʃəl/ adjective 1. living in | reportable diseases reportable diseases /ri pɔ təb(ə)l di zi ziz/ a hospital 2. living at home | | plural noun diseases such as asbestosis, hepatitis residential care residential care / rezi denʃəl keə/ noun the or anthrax which may be caused by working con- | care of patients either in a hospital or at home, but ditions or may infect other workers and must be not as outpatients reported to the District Health Authority residual residual /ri zidjuəl/ adjective remaining, repositor repositor /ri pɒzitə/ noun a surgical instru- | | which is left behind ment used to push a prolapsed organ back into its residual air residual air /ri zidjuəl eə/, residual volume usual position | /ri zidjuəl vɒlju m/ noun air left in the lungs repression repression /ri preʃ(ə)n/ noun (in psychiatry) | | after a person has breathed out as much air as pos- the act of ignoring or forgetting feelings or sible thoughts which might be unpleasant residual urine residual urine /ri zidjuəl jυərin/ noun urine reproduction reproduction / ri prə d kʃ(ə)n/ noun the | | left in the bladder after a person has passed as process of making new living beings by existing much urine as possible ones, e.g. producing children or derived other resistance resistance /ri zistəns/ noun 1. the ability of a descendants | person not to get a disease 2. the ability of bacte- reproductive reproductive / ri prə d ktiv/ adjective refer- | ria or a virus to remain unaffected by a drug ring to reproduction The bacteria have developed a resistance to cer- reproductive organs reproductive organs / ri prə d ktiv | tain antibiotics. 3. opposition to a force ɔ ənz/ plural noun parts of the bodies of men resolution resolution / rezə lu ʃ(ə)n/ noun the amount of and women which are involved in the conception | detail which can be seen in a microscope or on a and development of a fetus computer monitor reproductive system reproductive system / ri prə d ktiv | resonance resonance / rez(ə)nəns/ noun a sound made sistəm/ noun the arrangement of organs and by a hollow part of the body when hit. mag- ducts in the bodies of men and women which pro- netic duce spermatozoa or ova resorption resorption /ri sɔ pʃən/ noun the process of COMMENT: In the human male, the testes | absorbing a substance produced by the body back produce the spermatozoa which pass into the body through the vasa efferentia and the vasa def- erentia where they receive liquid from the respiration respiration / respə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of | seminal vesicles, then out of the body taking air into the lungs and blowing it out again through the urethra and penis on ejaculation. through the mouth or nose. Also called breathing In the female, an ovum, produced by one of respiration rate respiration rate / respə reiʃ(ə)n reit/ noun the two ovaries, passes through the Fallopi- | the number of times a person breathes per minute an tube where it is fertilised by a spermato- respirator respirator / respəreitə/ noun 1. same as venti- zoon from the male. The fertilised ovum lator 2. a mask worn to prevent someone breath- moves down into the uterus where it devel- ing harmful gas or fumes ops into an embryo. respiratory RES respiratory /ri spirət(ə)ri/ adjective referring RES abbreviation reticuloendothelial system | to breathing research and development research and development /ri s tʃ ən di | | respiratory centre respiratory centre /ri spirət(ə)ri sentə/ veləpmənt/ noun the process by which pharma- | ceutical companies find new drugs and test their noun a nerve centre in the brain which regulates suitability. Abbreviation R & D the breathing
Nursing.fm Page 263 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 263 retino- respiratory distress syndrome rete rete / ri ti / noun a network of veins, arteries or respiratory distress syndrome /ri | nerve fibres in the body. reticular (NOTE: The spirət(ə)ri di stres sindrəυm/ noun a condi- | plural is retia.) tion of newborn babies, and especially common in premature babies, in which the lungs do not retention retention /ri tenʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of not let- | expand properly, due to lack of surfactant. Also ting out something, especially a fluid, which is called hyaline membrane disease usually released from the body, e.g. holding back urine in the bladder respiratory failure respiratory failure /ri spirət(ə)ri feiljə/ | retention cyst noun failure of the lungs to oxygenate the blood retention cyst /ri tenʃən sist/ noun a cyst | correctly which is formed when a duct from a gland is blocked respiratory quotient respiratory quotient /ri spirət(ə)ri | retention of urine retention of urine /ri tenʃ(ə)n əv jυərin/ kwəυʃ(ə)nt/ noun the ratio of the amount of car- | noun a condition in which passing urine is diffi- bon dioxide taken into the alveoli of the lungs cult or impossible because the urethra is blocked from the blood to the amount of oxygen which the or because the prostate gland is enlarged alveoli take from the air. Abbreviation RQ rete testis rete testis / ri ti testis/ noun a network of respiratory syncytial virus respiratory syncytial virus /ri spirət(ə)ri | channels in the testis which take the sperm to the sin sitiəl vairəs/ noun a virus which causes | epididymis infections of the nose and throat in adults, but retia retia / ri ʃiə/ plural of rete serious bronchiolitis in children. Abbreviation RSV reticular reticular /ri tikjυlə/ adjective relating to or in | respiratory system the form of a network respiratory system /ri spirət(ə)ri sistəm/, | respiratory tract /ri spirət(ə)ri tr kt/ noun the reticular fibres reticular fibres /ri tikjυlə faibəs/ plural | | series of organs and passages which take air into noun fibres in connective tissue which support, the lungs, and exchange oxygen for carbon diox- e.g., organs or blood vessels ide reticulocyte reticulocyte /ri tikjυləυsait/ noun a red blood | respite care respite care / respait keə/ noun temporary cell which has not yet fully developed care provided to people with disabilities, serious reticulocytosis reticulocytosis /ri tikjυləυsai təυsis/ noun | | conditions or terminal illness, so that their fami- a condition in which the number of reticulocytes lies can have a rest from the daily routine in the blood increases unusually response response /ri spɒns/ noun a reaction by an reticuloendothelial cell reticuloendothelial cell /ri tikjυləυ endəυ | | | | organ, tissue or a person to an external stimulus θi liəl sel/ noun a phagocytic cell in the reticu- loendolethial system responsibility responsibility /ri spɒnsi biliti/ noun 1. some- | | reticuloendothelial system reticuloendothelial system /ri tikjυləυ body or something which a person or organisation | | endəυ θi liəl sistəm/ noun a series of phago- has a duty to take care of Checking the drip is | cytic cells in the body, found especially in bone your responsibility. 2. the blame for something marrow, lymph nodes, liver and spleen, which bad which has happened She has taken full attack and destroy bacteria and form antibodies. responsibility for the mix-up. 3. the position of Abbreviation RES having to explain to somebody why something was done Whose responsibility is it to talk to retin- retin- /retin/ prefix same as retino- (used before the family? vowels) rest retina rest /rest/ noun a period of time spent relaxing retina / retinə/ noun the inside layer of the eye or sleeping What you need is a good night’s which is sensitive to light. detached retina. rest. í verb 1. to spend time relaxing or sleeping See illustration at EYE in Supplement (NOTE: The 2. to use a body part less for a period of time plural is retinae.) Rest your arm for a week. retinal retinal / retin(ə)l/ adjective referring to the ret- restenosis ina restenosis / ri stə nəυsis/ noun an occasion | when something becomes narrow again, e.g. a retinal artery retinal artery / retin(ə)l ɑ təri/ noun the only coronary artery which has previously been wid- artery of the retina, which accompanies the optic ened by balloon angioplasty (NOTE: The plural is nerve restenoses.) retinal detachment retinal detachment / retin(ə)l di t tʃmənt/ | resuscitation resuscitation /ri s si teiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of noun a condition in which the retina is partly | | reviving someone who seems to be dead, by mak- detached from the choroid ing him or her breathe again and restarting the retinitis retinitis / reti naitis/ noun inflammation of the | heart retina retardation retardation / ri tɑ deiʃ(ə)n/ noun the process retinitis pigmentosa retinitis pigmentosa / reti naitis pi men | | | of making something slower təυsə/ noun a hereditary condition in which inflammation of the retina can result in blindness retching retching / retʃiŋ/ noun the fact of attempting to retino- retino- /retinəυ/ prefix referring to the retina vomit without being able to do so
Nursing.fm Page 264 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM retinol 264 retinol retroversion retroversion / retrəυ v ʃ(ə)n/ noun the fact retinol / retinɒl/ noun a vitamin found in liver, | of sloping backwards retroversion of the vegetables, eggs and cod liver oil which is essen- uterus Same as retroverted uterus tial for good vision. Also called Vitamin A retroverted uterus retroverted uterus / retrəυv tid ju tərəs/ retinopathy retinopathy / reti nɒpəθi/ noun any disease of | noun a condition in which the uterus slopes back- the retina wards away from its usual position. Also called retinoscope retinoscope / retinəskəυp/ noun an instru- retroversion of the uterus, tipped womb ment with various lenses, used to measure the retrovirus retrovirus / retrəυvairəs/ noun a virus whose refraction of the eye genetic material contains RNA from which DNA retraction retraction /ri tr kʃən/ noun the fact of moving is synthesised (NOTE: The AIDS virus and many | backwards or becoming shorter There is retrac- carcinogenic viruses are retroviruses.) tion of the overlying skin. revascularisation revascularisation /ri v skjυlərai | | | retraction ring retraction ring /ri tr kʃən riŋ/ noun a groove zeiʃ(ə)n/, revascularization noun 1. the act of | round the uterus, separating its upper and lower restoring an adequate blood supply to an organ or parts, which, in obstructed labour, prevents the tissue, especially in a surgical operation using a baby from moving forward as expected into the blood vessel graft 2. the condition of having an cervical canal. Also called Bandl’s ring adequate blood supply restored retractor retractor /ri tr ktə/ noun a surgical instrument reverse isolation reverse isolation /ri v s aisə leiʃ(ə)n/ | | | which pulls and holds back the edge of the inci- noun same as protective isolation sion in an operation revision revision /ri vi (ə)n/ noun an examination of a | retro- retro- /retrəυ/ prefix at the back, behind surgical operation after it has been carried out a revision of a radical mastoidectomy retrobulbar retrobulbar / retrəυ b lbə/ adjective behind | Reye’s syndrome the eyeball Reye’s syndrome / raiz sindrəυm/ noun a form of brain disease affecting young children, retrobulbar neuritis retrobulbar neuritis / retrəυb lbə nju | which is possibly due to viral infection and has a raitis/ noun inflammation of the optic nerve suspected link with aspirin which makes objects appear blurred. Also called RGN RGN abbreviation Registered General Nurse optic neuritis Rh Rh abbreviation rhesus retroflexion retroflexion / retrəυ flekʃ(ə)n/ noun the fact | rhabdomyosarcoma of being bent backwards rhabdomyosarcoma / r bdəυ maiəυsɑ | | kəυmə/ noun a malignant tumour of striated retrograde retrograde / retrəυ reid/ adjective going muscle tissue. It occurs mostly in children. backwards or deteriorating, getting worse rhabdovirus rhabdovirus / r bdəυvairəs/ noun any of a retrograde pyelography retrograde pyelography / retrəυ reid paiə | group of viruses containing RNA, one of which lɒ rəfi/ noun an X-ray examination of the kid- causes rabies ney where a catheter is passed into the kidney and rhachio- rhachio- /reikiəυ/ prefix referring to the spine an opaque liquid is injected directly into it Rh disease Rh disease / ɑ r eitʃ di zi z/ noun same as retrolental fibroplasia retrolental fibroplasia / retrəυlent(ə)l | rhesus factor disease faibrəυ pleiziə/ noun a condition in which | rheo- fibrous tissue develops behind the lens of the eye, rheo- /ri əυ/ prefix 1. relating to the flow of liq- resulting in blindness uids 2. relating to the flow of electrical current retro-ocular rhesus baby rhesus baby / ri səs beibi/ noun a baby with retro-ocular / retrəυ ɒkjυlə/ adjective at the erythroblastosis fetalis back of the eye rhesus factor rhesus factor / ri səs f ktə/ noun an antigen retroperitoneal retroperitoneal / retrəυ peritə ni əl/ adjec- | | in red blood cells, which is an element in blood tive at the back of the peritoneum grouping. Also called Rh factor retroperitoneal space retroperitoneal space / retrəυperitəυ ni əl | rhesus factor disease rhesus factor disease / ri səs f ktə di speis/ noun the area between the posterior pari- | zi z/ noun a disease which occurs when the etal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, blood of a fetus has a different rhesus factor from containing the kidneys, adrenal glands, duode- that of the mother. Also called Rh disease num, ureters and pancreas rheumatic rheumatic /ru m tik/ adjective referring to retropharyngeal retropharyngeal / retrəυ f rin d i əl/ | | | rheumatism adjective at the back of the pharynx rheumatic fever rheumatic fever /ru m tik fi və/ noun a retropubic retropubic / retrəυ pju bik/ adjective at the | | collagen disease of young people and children, back of the pubis caused by haemolytic streptococci, where the retrospection retrospection / retrəυ spekʃən/ noun the act joints and also the valves and lining of the heart | of recalling what happened in the past become inflamed. Also called acute rheuma- retrospective tism retrospective / retrəυ spektiv/ adjective | applying to the past, tracing what has happened COMMENT: Rheumatic fever often follows already to selected people another streptococcal infection such as a
Nursing.fm Page 265 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 265 rickets rhizotomy strep throat or tonsillitis. Symptoms are high rhizotomy /rai zɒtəmi/ noun a surgical opera- | fever, pains in the joints, which become red, tion to cut or divide the roots of a nerve to relieve formation of nodules on the ends of bones severe pain and difficulty in breathing. Although recovery Rh-negative Rh-negative / ɑ eitʃ ne ətiv/ adjective who can be complete, rheumatic fever can recur does not have the rhesus factor in his or her blood and damage the heart permanently. rhodopsin rhodopsin /rəυ dɒpsin/ noun a light-sensitive rheumatism | rheumatism / ru mətiz(ə)m/ noun pains and purple pigment in the rods of the retina, which stiffness in the joints and muscles (informal ) makes it possible to see in dim light. Also called She has rheumatism in her hips. He com- visual purple plained of rheumatism in the knees. rhomboid rhomboid / rɒmbɔid/ noun one of two muscles rheumatoid rheumatoid / ru mətɔid/ adjective relating to in the top part of the back which move the shoul- rheumatism der blades rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid arthritis / ru mətɔid ɑ θraitis/ rhonchus rhonchus / rɒŋkəs/ noun an unusual sound in | noun a general painful disabling collagen disease the chest, heard through a stethoscope, caused by affecting any joint, but especially the hands, feet a partial blockage in the bronchi (NOTE: The plu- and hips, making them swollen and inflamed. ral is rhonchi.) osteoarthritis Rh-positive Rh-positive / ɑ eitʃ pɒzitiv/ adjective who rheumatologist rheumatologist / ru mə tɒləd ist/ noun a has the rhesus factor in his or her blood | doctor who specialises in rheumatology rhythm method rhythm method / rið(ə)m meθəd/ noun a rheumatology rheumatology / ru mə tɒləd i/ noun a branch method of birth control where sexual intercourse | of medicine dealing with rheumatic disease of should take place only during the safe periods muscles and joints when conception is least likely to occur, i.e. at the beginning and at the end of the menstrual cycle Rh factor Rh factor / ɑ r eitʃ f ktə/ noun same as rhe- COMMENT: This method is not as safe or re- sus factor liable as other methods of contraception be- rhin- rhin- /rain/ prefix same as rhino- (used before cause the time when ovulation takes place vowels) cannot be accurately calculated if a woman rhinitis rhinitis /rai naitis/ noun inflammation of the does not have regular periods. | mucous membrane in the nose, which makes the rib rib /rib/ noun one of twenty-four curved bones nose run, caused, e.g., by a virus infection or an which protect the chest (NOTE: For other terms allergic reaction to dust or flowers referring to the ribs, see words beginning with rhino- cost-, costo-.) rhino- /rainəυ/ prefix referring to the nose ribavirin ribavirin / raibə vairin/ noun a synthetic drug rhinology rhinology /rai nɒləd i/ noun a branch of med- | | which helps to prevent the synthesis of viral DNA icine dealing with diseases of the nose and the and RNA, used in the treatment of viral diseases nasal passages rib cage rib cage / rib keid / noun the ribs and the space rhinophyma rhinophyma / rainəυ faimə/ noun a condition | enclosed by them caused by rosacea, in which the nose becomes riboflavine riboflavine / raibəυ fleivin/ same as Vitamin permanently red and swollen | B2 rhinoplasty rhinoplasty / rainəυpl sti/ noun plastic sur- ribonuclease ribonuclease / raibəυ nju klieiz/ noun an gery to correct the appearance of the nose | enzyme which breaks down RNA rhinorrhoea rhinorrhoea / rainəυ riə/ noun a watery dis- | ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid / raibəυnju kli ik sid/ charge from the nose | noun one of the nucleic acids in the nucleus of all rhinoscope rhinoscope / rainəskəυp/ noun an instrument living cells, which takes coded information from for examining the inside of the nose DNA and translates it into specific enzymes and rhinoscopy rhinoscopy /rai nɒskəpi/ noun an examina- proteins. DNA. Abbreviation RNA | tion of the inside of the nose ribosome ribosome / raibəsəυm/ noun a tiny particle in rhinosinusitis a cell, containing RNA and protein, where protein rhinosinusitis / rainəυ sainə saitis/ noun | | is synthesised swelling of the lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as a result of either a viral infection or ricewater stools ricewater stools / raiswɔ tə stu lz/ plural allergic rhinitis. It is usually treated with antibiot- noun watery faeces that are typically passed by ics, antihistamines or steroids. people who have cholera rhinovirus rhinovirus / rainəυ vairəs/ noun a group of ricin ricin / raisin/ noun a highly toxic albumin found | viruses containing RNA, which cause infection of in the seeds of the castor oil plant the nose and include the virus which causes the rickets rickets / rikits/ noun a disease of children, common cold where the bones are soft and do not develop prop- rhiz- rhiz- /raiz/, rhizo- /raizəυ/ prefix referring to a erly due to lack of Vitamin D. Also called rachi- root tis

CÓ THỂ BẠN MUỐN DOWNLOAD