intTypePromotion=1
zunia.vn Tuyển sinh 2024 dành cho Gen-Z zunia.vn zunia.vn
ADSENSE

Die Casting Machine_3

Chia sẻ: Thao Thao | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:14

51
lượt xem
6
download
 
  Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Tham khảo tài liệu 'die casting machine_3', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả

Chủ đề:
Lưu

Nội dung Text: Die Casting Machine_3

  1. ¦ ” ž™ ž ¨ § Ÿ ¦ •    —‘ ˜ — • ™ —£ ” ¢ — xq 3„ Œb ŒjGŒ¥BhfIŒ3…b7  z  ” ˜   Ÿž Ž ™ ” œ š ” š ™ ˜ — • ” “  ‘  b¡5„1G„hG›cŒf–bxbŽ ˆbŽ  u v Š ‰ ˆ ‡ † u „ ƒ } € € €  } {y x v u t r q 1Œ‹‘1u F—a …jt I‚f)~| „sw ˜ˆsbp ¤ w' e g¤ a' k ‚oW h k ˆ ˜ d UT  g — S– Š tu y D q Š a vyp H qp Šx )H q ˆGŠ XH ˆQ„xy I Š PH Q3j7x ‰q c73 sB v ‚§B¥ 4 ©4 Y bp H Š y B v B 3u "xbŠ QGw I 3 qu q U y Š I } ¨ ¦4 ¤ § Š 8 Šx Šu Š x U yŠ Š Š Va xH ¥xH Š V a v y p Šu r q Š H x 7x 'x  Œp G‡ u ƒ H q ¦Œp G‡ u ƒ 7xy H v Tq  q ‹73 I ˆp H Š y B v B Af„xy B v (  Y „x |)H q ˆG31v I b‹w G‡ Œp Š u D Š r q t wu Š r q Šu v „ Šxy y Š I £ „x`q c73 B v Y } bp H Š y B v B 3¨Š 4w G‡ 7x $a ˆ“ I Š B ¥Š beb‹¥3¥Š H dp…y B q %„xc73 B ‹bp H Š y B v B A£y fYŠ Šu F H Š V y Š F Šxy Š I v Š v Š F v y v3 F Šx rq Š Š Šx B u U uŠxy v „xy } XI §q ¤¥7x¥q H du  a t y h ‡ p I 4q D H sF ‡ ˆŠ D I Qg v ‰7xy bcˆp H Š vy B A¡q c73 sB v } ¥ ( §4 Y } ˆp H Š y B v B 3u Šu y Š I vy u qp Šxy Š Šx Š Š vy u qp Š v„Š Š w Šxy r ¦ y fY¨„x V a Š y ‡ `„x¤pq H q xp ‡ xy H ˆ’„x‹„3 I „xy B v } 6 § ( ¥ 5  ¥ 6 § 5 Y } bp H Š y B v B Au H q ˆp ‡ xy H b¨7x V & & & ( (( 6 Y Y Y & ¡Y & £ ¥ ( 4 Y  § ( ¥ 5  ¥ 6 § 5 Y ¦ ¨¦4 ¤ ©§B¥ 4 ¥§ 4 g  ‚oW a' ˜ 8Y UT q xGŠ vyp q p t a Šu 3 H H GH ˆ`l6  I' AQ vw 2 θ2 θ1 u uŠ ux3 v gdd BI u XP‡ Š3`Šˆp H Š y B v B Š3‚F ‡ yq yŠ7x V a Š„xAyufzr H vŒAŠ„x I Š ¦B pp B v I Š ƒ @FEF†U BW B3 v v Šv Šx Š 3g 3 vh ur Šx q y ‡ q y ‡ u H QƒŠ B 4q ¥…AŠ¥U„xy H v Šbp G‡ y B v B Š3u 7h‡Š xŒp ‡ q y Tq H U y Š I @3Fpp H v Šˆp HG‡ y B v B AŠu 7xy B q I y ‡ x w I q x Sf b` H ` 8V……sbv Tt¢ FEC IC %  Y ¥ 2 g a' 7 ‚oW ( ) ( qTUT ¥˜Y Uv Ux u x ur vF H Tq H † B ¨Š y ‡ u Tq  Š7xy£Šˆp H v B q vy ‡ u`Šˆp HG‡ y B v B AŠ`Š7xyF§uqSw H h Qq 1  g € ‚oW a'  ¡Y &  Y ˜ ¥ ( ) UT Y ¥ v v q BW gdd q y ‡ q y ‡ H v ‡ y ƒ q G‡ cŠ H Hp H 3 g I H ‡ g d dW 4tŠ PG…fB–H 3gŠ B 4t`w H v  7 ( a  g † ‚' W ( ¥  YY ˜ ¥ u v u v UŠ B ˆp G‡ y B v B 3Š‹w H v PH ¥r B 3Šu §bp TG7 ŠH I q uq IH‡ Fu H xH I Š y ‡ p3ŠŠ ƒ G‡ p £ Œp G‡ u ƒ ‡ H Š y ‡ u Tq  „x V ` Œxp GH‡ u ƒ H Š y ‡ XTUq  q y ( ( ( a Y   g ! ‚' W  Y ¥ ˜ ˜ ¥ ¢˜  ‰– ˜ S– — — gdd fqW H q y ‡ QƒŠ TG…BW v 3g IH‡ gdd v yŠw b£q y v D q y ‡ q y ‡ H 3g B a v B QƒŠ w H v  GB 1r¥x ƒH q y ‡ p3y G‡ A§¥¥EhA§#Š v F Šu H yu q r Dv Šu q D 4q B B TH 3 gŠ Šxy F q H D uŠx u3 y Qƒ›7x¤Š y 4¥1rv G‡ ‚¥7x"yzr B bŠ 7 8 Q Section 6.1. Introduction Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  2. © ¦ š ž™ ž ¨ § Ÿ ¦ •    —‘ ˜ — • ™ —£ ” ¢ — … %„ ¥ˆ ŒjGŒ¥BhfsŒ3¤bf7  G7  ” ˜   Ÿž Ž ™ ” œ š ” š ™ ˜ — • ” “  Ž ‘  Ž b¡5„1G„hG›QŒf–bxb’xb z u v Š ‰ ˆ ‡ † u „ ƒ } € € €  } {y x v u t r q 1Œ‹‘1u F† …ft I‚fs~| „sw ˜fbsˆp 2 v 3 gŠ Šxy v uŠ q H q y ‡ 4tc7x`w H Ay¥7h H ˆp y uy 8 t ƒ I Š ¥q H Š I r ‡ Œp B ˆŠ F Š uy Šx rq v y3 I v§qb ¥r ‡ xc„xy p’w H hU ‡ u I „Xr 9 DŠx Š y Š uŠ p7xy H GŠ 1UbŠ ƒ ˆp H 3Š¥¡q v I 2 u Šx y bŠ vp Šx „xy Šy rv 1¥x xUŠ Ft v FŠ Šx U U r ‡ Œp B 7xy B v y ‡ ¡GŠ B G3 ‡ u I Gx H bŠ "UˆŠ ƒ B ƒH q y ‡ p3u 7xy Tq H † Š U Tq n I 762B E3v P‡ u (   g „    18 k ˜  k 2 § k & §  3' 1 5 v Fv q y H –w H v Yy y ƒ 3 B e ˆ ( ( g  € 2 ©¥ §  k h ‰– ˜ — 3' 1 @ @ k § 8 9 8 9 @ he ˆ he ˆ g & ˜— ™‰– 2 ¦¥ 8  ¥ ( ¥ † 3' 1 © 4¥ ˜ § © ¥ k yy u 3gŠ u y B Š H v F q 1U`q ¤y H Š F ‡ 4tF¥Š bŠ D ‡ v I „xy PH ` y B ‘` Šx I Fq v rD Š H v ‰Š H ’q y B Š H v aq "y B Š H v ¦) y GcD H bŠ "ˆŠ ƒ r ‡ Œp cH GŠ 1bŠ ƒ H q B ˜u ‡ ¥4q ( F U g F v F 3 Š Uy u B Š Uy 1 k ! g  2 )0(¥ &˜ '% ( ( )  ¥ k 3' 1 (  @ @ h § 8 9 8 § e g a' f ‚oW ( ¨k ˆ ¦¥ ˜ h ¨k ˆ ¦¥ h  © ¥ e © ¥ ( g' a' fk ‚oW ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜ ˆ   ( e e y xylu„xxAyuzr|ŠDX3 ˆŠ BB‡ ˜ ‡x Š 3 dT†B y   "   ¢£   } $#!˜ £ @ d 8 9 h ¨k ˆ § e g• a' ft ‚oW (  ¦¥ ˜ ‰– — © ¥   ¦h  g a 5 ‚o'W ek ˆ ˜ d ( UT ¥ —‰– Š ( g bp H v B £¤¢ ¡˜   Chapter 6. Runner Design Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  3. ¦ ” ž™ ž ¨ § Ÿ ¦ •    —‘ ˜ — • ™ —£ ” ¢ — xq 3„ Œb ŒjGŒ¥BhfIŒ3…b7  z  ” ˜   Ÿž Ž ™ ” œ š ” š ™ ˜ — • ” “  ‘  b¡5„1G„hG›cŒf–bxbŽ ˆbŽ  u v Š ‰ ˆ ‡ † u „ ƒ } € € €  } {y x v u t r q 1Œ‹‘1u F— …jt I‚f)~| „sw ˜ˆsbp • b' 2 (   § ©© ¨§§  k & § k ¦ g5 @ 2 ( 8 3' 1 ©  k & ©  k u vu y u Š xy q Uy Š x r ¥7x¥`q 1£7xy bq Š y uU B ˆŠ F U H IH Tq aPG‡ "D¥Š y H v   k  8 © k g @ ¤  ˜ & 2 ( 8  3' 1  k & h & ( k 8  8 © vu Šxy rq v u Šx „xep’q y ‡ ¨7xy B ’r ‡ Œp B ) £ ¤ ¥ e7  (   ¡ g   ˜ k 2 ( ¢ 8# 3' 1 Section 6.1. Introduction Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  4. ¦ š ž™ ž ¨ § Ÿ ¦ •    —‘ ˜ — • ™ —£ ” ¢ — … %„ ¥ˆ ŒjGŒ¥BhfsŒ3¤bf7  7 87  ” ˜   Ÿž Ž ™ ” œ š ” š ™ ˜ — • ” “  Ž ‘  Ž b¡5„1G„hG›QŒf–bxb’xb z u v Š ‰ ˆ ‡ † u „ ƒ } € € €  } {y x v u t r q 1Œ‹‘1u F† …ft I‚fs~| „sw ˜fbsˆp 2 Chapter 6. Runner Design Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  5. ß Y' Þ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ƒ šµ  à Š– Š ’– ’  AÀ BBB¡BBB BB B©£ –¢ "9‡@d—•œ Ï —•Ž”Ì¥m@A‡”e–¬$š@A$”wCš™œ$¥@6– ° —…À BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB ‘ŽŠ$‹$’v$Ò¹h™–‡–@E—•6”B@ŒÊ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „    ¨ ’  £ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„  Ü AÀ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBB¡BBݎŠ$‹$’v$ҏ Û †IÀ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBBWŽŠ$‹6’v$Ò¡eÚ!¸9$ÆhØ¡SÆ´ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„   Ù Ç †IÀ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBB¡B×!‹6’v$ҏ hÖWeÓ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„  ÕÔ †IÀ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBB¡tŽŠ$‹6’v!Ò±hœŽC¥9Ž'‹)B@ŒÊ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „   œ œ­  †IÀ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBї–‡”Ž–‡¬Ae” –Žf–––‡–d—•œ в £ –¢ Iƒ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ ‹šŠ‹­ Ï „„ C΃ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBB¡BÍ$š–IdŽ•—¥Ì”$Ώ @ŒË‡†–¢ Iƒ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ™” • ¥  Ê „ „ Ʉ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … q ’y ˜ us ”n ’ ’ nl … Yh999f999f999ee99ee99ee… "gx–)x Y” v Y‘)E“qIS“—Sn¼Imk ‚ 5„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Ç ÆÅ œ  ‹ ”Š– œ „ „ CÀƒ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBÈ¡rIhœŽC¥9Ž'‹œ ° @ŽÄCÃm@A‡”Ž'‹‡œŽ'¥ºÂ … Y… Iƒ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ¸µ •¬µ š ¥™³ ´ – œ Š– ’ CÀƒ BBB¡BBB BBŒ!Árd–@ ‡’‡@C¬™œY–"¶pA‡”Ž'‹AŽ›$¥e–A6”¦eŠ—Šœ ¾ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „  ´ – œ Š– ’ CÀƒ BBB¡BBB BB BBB B€'¸)‡¿Že¥b‹¶ŠpA‡”Ž'‹AŽ›$¥e–A6”¦eŠ—Šœ ¾ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ¸ š¨ ¥µ – œ  ´ – Š– ’  ƒ—ƒ BBB¡BBB½¼$•–AŽ”Y‘A‡”ŽC‹@µeeŠ‡ŠYS™pA‡”ŽC‹—œŽ›$¥e–A6”¹—³Ž­$¥–– ² „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ¸ šµµ Š  ” ´ – Š– ’  ƒ—ƒ BBB¡BBB BB»5³–@@e¬¦$¥ºh·r¶µpA‡”ŽC‹—œŽ›$¥e–A6”¹—³Ž­$¥–– ² ƒ œ ’   œ • šµµ Š  ” ´ Š’  —ƒp'¸‡’Žb‹‡ŠŽ$¥Ž$‹—’™œ'¥5™G–‡–@™—’d³@–@e¬§!¥Œh·r¶µt—–‡”ŽC‹—œŽ›$¥e@—–6”—³Ž­$¥–– ² „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ – œ› œ ƒ—ƒ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB BBB¡BtA‡”Ž'‹‡œŽ'¥A±6œŽC¥9ŽC‹œ ° „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ ›   ® œ ­– ªCƒ BBB¡BBB BB BBB B¯—–‡”ŽC‹œŽC¥—œ¡!¥Ž$‹d—•œ–C™)hœŽ'¥G$¥A–@‡¬š « ªCƒ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBB ©'ž‡–—¨5—–e”—ŠhœŽ§Y56–Že¥¡–Ž¡Ž¦¤ £ Y… Iƒ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ š œ ¥ Š™ ‹  ‹ ¥ „ „ ¢'ƒ BBB¡BBB BB BBB BBŸ5™‡—š—œv6š–Idf@—–ddA6”“’‘@ŽŒ`Š‰‡†Y… Iƒ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ž › ™” • ˜ ” • •   ‹ ˆ „ „ ‚„ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … q ’y ˜” r‰“ q q o n ‘“ ˜ } | nl k … Ih999f999f999ee99eIgx–)x YtI–Ed–C“$—€I!lWId`~‘ Y” ˜ ICxdIm{z 5„ ig … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … q ’y ˜” v us r‰“ q q o nl … Yh999f999f999ee99ee99e… ISx@Ax –wB–tY–Ed–'“6—p"mk j 5„ ig … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ‰ —•” ‘ … Yh999f999f999ee99ee99ee99e9e9e9e9d–“ ™˜h‘Y–5S“!’"‰ˆ ‡†5„ § bfx `fx c …y8…u@&  © T Q P H ( 8 8 & ( # 8 7 ƒ x5 ASRA1IG6F$F @E'D"C8 !#B A7 @9¨$2'&€6%y rr'3i& w11"v)t'&!(su0u(V2 r%V $#'q""pi!dYV hV gfecdYbV5`VYWU ‚4   c c V a X V   ¨ £  ¦ § §¦ ¤ 2¦ ©¨¥¦ ¤ ¥¦ 2 ¦ £  © ¢ ¡   ¤£¢¡ ¡  Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  6. ñ ¥ð í å èä è î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â dsç S¥Ý ï Ý ©§xs©5‡rsm©•ierAê ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Þ Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡…©rse`e6`eŽÛ €©ij€49 d‘w ¢hrRt Ø¥RP ˜reRb c QG @ } ‚Q I Ú Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ w B 2 Ä Ö É É Ï Õ Ò Ô Ó Ò Ñ Ç Ê ÇÎ ÍÄ Ê Ç Ì Ê É È Ç ÆÅ Ä Ã „xx`wÄ nUm4HxÐ o„Ë Ï s…„Ë jÄ ©sË xz&Ä `rjs5 X g @ @Q B b X w I { 8 c q W gG E pp ˆ @ ‚ b X E @ W b B B q W w G ™ I c @ 8 X XQ I B X W I v @ 8 X g† w G ™ I c @ 8 X WQ @ X g @ p I @ ¥A™ •‘„xeixAe…€ax@ yjx§„…xqUre……X ¥eo¥`2A‡¨A˜‡A`1€d rX ¥xoA`2•„¥rU¨X $T 2 E hŒ G —¥`ƒ•uyv AUA˜€ÀUf€rxxƒW u`ƒuye¥`Ž©Udhb s¥xruy‘A¥ii¥A™ •“„ƒrX ¥Hb ¥™ G q p @ 8 X @Q b @ ‚ W I P ÁQG I T q TG ’ I T p @ B ’ @ @Q bv @Q @ 8 X E g I g G X I T Q bv @ ™ I { X g @ @Q B b X w G c p @ pUxc sX y1A`…€$eA$zAryUa¥`‡‰A¿Ab p 1A`…€d U I G GQ c @ 8 X gG W @ ™ b T Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X XQ I B { W @ 8 X g† „ @Q q G k @ @ URP Hax¨W hb s¥ehˆ ¦A„¥€i¥`a©UdAB g G X I c G W g @ X gG @ 8 X E g I XQ I ß 2 2d 1 X W I v t XQ I B { W ½ @Q I 8 G 8 { W @ P I X W gG I T @ @Q 8 X b X gG E @ X IQ I B @ W „ pp I T Q b ¨A˜¢e‰A¾Ab p 9U©c $‡xA¨¨6€o‘xU`„¥€d¥„¥•©¨$w yUx…uAg W qAAU‘hb s`¥rq€A97 G @ W I 8 B g G X c @ p gG @ 8 1 ´ » % ¼ »3 fx5s( º¸ ·" ' ´ ´ '0² s¹o6¶µ‡w³1°® ±¯ ­ ¨ v Q @ X B I 8 c @ 8 X v b E g @ @ 8 X gG g @ G P @Q I W X g @ E q X W Q b „¥U©©fA`nAoA`f€a¥™ Ho•Y„¥r©`„nuyv 2 W g G X W @ q Œ E g I E G E q X W G W p ‚ GQ I ™ X g @Q @ G E v b W X c @ ¬ « ARb s¨eARƒ©U§¥@ u©`„xW oe@ UUI y©‡xm¬ Hix„`¥mUa ¥€yqxoW hH$”xx…uye§¥`¢|„¥ E @ ‚GQ c W @ E G p @ E b T E @ TQ bv @Q @ 8 X t Q @ X I 2  E  p I g I @Q I p @ E b T G 8 X v b WQ bQQ @ @ 8 7 E c q E bQ X gG G ª T IQ P G E D C B ¨ g b T T c § @ 8 X t X WQG x@ Aw UAUsuH$fW `z$u•…fA9Y ¥@ ©RH•`x€1W x1USRAI H©‡§Ah$fhb |ˆ¥`he„•€uk 2 2 E @QG q Œ @Q G @ X I P @ 8 X E g I Q @ g g q x•€hx•oW i„¥r1¥`AUw¥UU…Q 2 @ 8 X v b g G W @ E p q @Q I c f B IQ c W Q @ PQ p I gG W p q W @Q „ W G q E g c Q @ PQ ¥`jxhP ¦errU|v •x¥& US©sm•I 1€9„X ree•Ys„X hAhb j•I p m4Hex@ ¥£ ub $r©©qW H1¥`X t ¤ h t X g G c @ c @ PQ I 8 c G E @ 8 2  1 P gG W I @Q c gG v b g G X qp b W f g G X I c p @ X I P X I 8 X X I WQ q c c b B IQ c W @ 8 X v b X gG b B @ P I ¡ I @Q ‚ X I 8 X @Q W gG b ¥€`Ax•©©€4‡Rb s¥yR¨ˆw hb s¥eHb o„¥ru¥©`w¥i•U©eH$US©s‡A`¢z¥€uorA`U¥‡¥©`YUq A€a„X 2  W W @ g ¡ G 8 X Q @ g g qQ @ 8 X E g I W W @ g ¡ G 8 X p b T E @ P IQ @ ™ I @ 8 X 8 G { E @Q I B T b c { bQQ I g wQ @ ™ G W W @ g ¡ G 8 qeA©c `n¥UU…6A`6©UYqeA©c `aE RxdxrA•¥¥fA`…`X 96¥©fRe–A•r©‘AYW $¨eAc `X @XI P @8 7 „¥r…A92 E R$6A`a„x€s„¥U…¥`AUzArU…6A`…RAR•U`4r¥Uyr6A`fw ƒ¥@ yh1W xX s•A${ p b T @ 8 X b X gG @ X I P @ 8 X E g I Q @ g g q Q @ 8 X 8 P q bQ 8 X Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X ‚ E pp @ B bQ B G G @Q @ 8 2  ˜ › Ÿ •” • › ˜ ™ œ ˜ S‰— €™€” ž @ ™ @ W X b 8 W @ 8 X b X gG E @Q q b B G p I X @ T G q p I „ ¥ee@ p …¥e¥`d„¥€Ž¥URW nU¨e$ˆE RŒ G —zt A @Q q G k @ @ •rhP u“x¨W qeeu•ˆA€s„Ax‘@ u§¥`§€† W W @ c bQ B P gG X W I c G E @ 8 X g  l• › yy” U˜ – U™ R™W€– €‰k ›  šœ ˜ › š š k ˜k— •” 8 8 %9$9 2 Ý ß 1 P gG X W I c @ 8 A€s„Axf¥`X 2 v b w p I q Œ @ 8 X @ ™ bQ B TG W G G c p @ ™ @ X I P E g I @ TG X P g pp ˆ E @QG W @ E Q bv W @ qp I ™ p I X g @ TGQ @ B @ P gG pG X srX G UAhsA`fA•f€…e@ sX Aub ¥f„¥r§AUa$€sA€G yj¥€`erzuy$eAyUARU¨¥x€yU’ ¥€A G €sxq w Ž©U4sUSRAI H‘‡ƒ¥`dy¥dA``X 9lHUeAx A€¥ex|a•r`¥o•s¥A™ •Ž„6RARA@ ‚ E g I t T IQ P G E D C B @ 8 X v b Bp @ 8 @ 8 X 8 G { t g I c @ g  P gG  @ @Q v @Q q X I T @Q B X g @ @Q B b X 8 P q b g 2 pyUxe2W x$€soA€G yj9¥`…AU$r¥USfrX ¥Hb AzxhP y1A`z¥fx„X x5¨€dW U¨X x6E hŒ G …A`¥„x$•€R¥Q p I T W G @ TG X P g pp ˆ @ 8 X E g I @ P g IQ w G c p @ ™ X 8 GQ @ 8 X X I E @ c @ p gG G p I @ T G q p @ 8 X  W X g @ T @QG q Œ @ g G W @ E p b T G E @ 8 X pp p q v g I c w pG ‚ I @ gG 8 c I T P gG X W I c G E X I 8 X W @Q W gG Q @ @ gG P g @ g I t T IQ P G RP `er”E Rx@ u§¥`lyjˆ U|§UxƒrX G €U‘A€©©xˆA€s„Ax§@ H…¥©`…xUq A€9eA€uAdU&aU•hAI uE W `f‰‡ rr ¥ W ¥ug r U„¥I sA`…€6`„AR©€‘¥€s¨Ae…@ H1A`a„6xeAhH`¥€9¨jdAi‡X 9 ‰U`x@ c G 8 X g† „ ‹ ƒ G ™ I W Š ‰ @ X p @ 8 X gG wQ X W q E gG P gG X W I c G E @ 8 X b X E @ c q E bQ X gG X WQ ˆ W I { † wQ q X g ß 2 Y 62 @ 8 X v b gQ q X @ 8 X gG „ €  ƒ ‚  €  ¥`d§…U`A`€$U¥ AU¥ yU©8 •s~x•|v Y‘w ˆ¥Rb ¥e…Aic x‰ux¥`AUx”AUI pp I WQ I } E @Q p f ‚ E @ B p @ ™ @ E W I { 8 G 8 { wQ b @ 8 X E g I T @ E E g 1 ß 1 w rUUq zd¥hb s¥¨„eyv UxaA`woARYW vU•hAI ud$aA9u ©S¥¨e•tU•hAI u–$6A`…€‘©r•UI p B B W v b W g G X I X W @ G g I T @ 8 X v b @ g b G T IQ P G E D C B @ 8 7 8 cQ I @ W @Q T IQ P G E D C B @ 8 X gG E I bQ ‚ 2 E g I @Q @ 8 W @ X q G X W gG Q b p I T Q @ 8 X b E g I t k e t f h g f e w ‚ E @ X W @ ™ gG g @ @ ‚ @ ™ I 8 WQ pp b E v b W g ppG AU§¥se„¥`X s„A€Yurqo‡A`d©Unml1 2‡ji‡&—eˆx„¨eAx€ƒedA¥Aa•I yh91ARb G y€1T v b W g @ X X I 8 X c Iv @ 8 X ‚ E @ X IQ X W g b T @ E @ ‚ g I c T IQ P G E G 8 X v b c g I XQ b B TG @ 8 7 A„6¥A`6X ©˜¥`—w –¥„¥•`¨¥h$r”“Ue’USRAI H‘W `1@ ©U¨‰uf€ˆ¥‡† eA€uA@ WQ @ @ gG P g 62 P gG X W I c G E X W b T ‚ E @ W q @Q I tpp I X I w g I G t g G X p q p I c g b T T b c X W b T @ 8 X G T IQ P G E D C B @ 8 ¥€s¨Ae…@ uY„r$w ƒ¥¨A6R€yU9¥ixU2v Ruhb s¥I rc Ueih$fRed¨$aA`YW VUSRAI HF$6A97 " '3 # 0 ) ( ' % # 65421&$" !    gÉ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ¤‰ ¤n• … Yhe9e9e9e99ee99ee99ee999f999f9999f… –“ ™˜Ž‘¥" u i r„ gÉ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ’x q q• … Yhe9e9e9e99ee99ee99ee999f999f9999f… g~AEd–v „ r„ ¢É he9e9e9e99ee99ee99ee… –“ ™Ag)Y” $©–Ж“ ™A'v !©"Ž)‘Im{g r„ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ‰ ˜ ‘ x’ n ˜ ¤ ‰ “  ‰ ˜ ‘ x — ˜ ¤ ‰ n ‘ ‰ˆ n l k … ‚É … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ¤ — ’¦ ‰ ¤n … Ihe9e9e9e99ee99ee99ee999f999f99d¨¤¥'n5g“§–y !˜¥Œ£ ¢ r„ —¢Î BB BBB¡BB BBB BBB BB BBB¡„ ŽŠ$‹6’v!ÒG"6–‡e–—–™œwÊ ¢ Y¢ Iƒ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„  ‹ Š ¥ „„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „   ™ ” „ „ —¢Î BB BBB¡BB BBB BBB BB BBB„ ŽŠ$‹6’v$Ò½—–‡­e6Š–¡—¥"” « … Y¢ Iƒ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ¸– œ à  œ ´   – ™– —¢Î BB BBB¡BB BBB „ 5A‡”ŽC‹Ž•C¥p” )h›§p·9!‹6’v$ґA‡”Ž‹–@A6”$’Ž¥ « „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„   Š …AÎ BB BBB¡BB BBB BBB BB BBB„ $‹$’v$Ò9 ¡ eB@‡–@™—’œ ¾ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „     ® œ ­– ÎAÀ BB BBB¡BB BBB BBB €ŽŠ$‹6’v!Ò¡$¥Ž!‹d—•œ–C™)hœŽ'¥¡!¥A@–‡¬š « ª „„„„„„„„„   AÀ BB BBB¡BB„ ŽŠ$‹6’v$Òe‡’Žb‹‡ŠŽ$¥Ž$‹—’™œ'¥5™ @‡––!C’±@‡–Žb‹—Š6œBY9@ŒÊ œ ’   œ • ­ ’ ™  Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  7. í à èä è ï î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â `|ç •¥Ý ©eÝ ©§xs©5‡rs¢©•deAê €©ij€4Y d§w ¢hrHt Ø¥RP ˜Uw Rec ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡1©rse`eÞ e—Û ƒ QG @ } ‚Q I Ú Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ B b D 2 r Ç Åƒ Ã Ë È ÌËÅ ËÄà ƒ Ë ƒ Ç Ð ÆÍËÅ Ç ÆÅ Ëă É Æ V ËÐ Éu à t É VÉÐ ƒ Éu Ç #Å wqGÉ Ï uzÌ syz˜s¨Ë Ì c¦„‚ `es„yjÄ `rz˜s¦4GsxqÐ ¢¥§s9G¨£t q r Ê É ÆÅË È y Ð É È È ÉÍw Ë ÆÅ Ä Ã y Ê É É Sw Ä Ã Ç Ê É ÆÅË È Ç ÆÅ v ÄÄ Ì Ë Æ Î Ë XË Ñ r Ö É Ï Ç ÆÅ Ç ÊËÄÄ ƒ Í Ç xsr|zxxuix„•€srls$Uex`xs4Ä xxsr|zzÄ `r©3˜„Ë ssr™Ås¦YHn©xeÉ zÄ `r2Ð 1„˜…s˜Ä xÊ Å É Ð Ç ËÎ Ét ËÎ Ë Æ Å Ê Ã Ê É Æ Å Ë È Ç Æ Å ËÄ ƒ É Æ V Ë Ð É u à t É V É Ð Ö Å É Ð Ä Ë Ê É Æ Å ƒ Ã Ë Æ s r p i h g à d Ê Ã Ä Ö Í É Ôb Ê Ì ` ¦¦4Ä i€`Y€ssr‡sÐ Yxsr|u4Ä `r&˜s†sn!¦x¨Ð R¥‘3¦sn¦sn„xÉ HÎ srqˆus4§YqUUTf Ì Ì iesÐ n¨seU˜c„ ÌË aË Ï ÉÅ Ë È Ì É X ËÆÅ Ð É ÊËÄÃ Ï ÊËÅà à XË ywzeƒ x¦¡sr2x‡„…q`x„yq¦ƒ Ì `Yj ÇÄ ¤ i¦risÍ `nWÐ d™e“¨‰sy ÇÅ ‡sr2Ð o„y˜„`UTB‡¦„`zq`xesr|ulssr¦sj„R Ô Ë Æ Å Æ Ç Æ V Ç ËÎ ƒ Å ÃÎ Ë Ì Ë Æ Å Ç Ê ËÅÄ Ë S S ƒ Ä Ð Ë Ë Ï Ä Ã Æ Ê É Æ Å Ë È Î Ë Æ Å É Ð Ò W w pp I T qG W @ g P I T E g I c gG  t T q gG T qp I Q bv W @ qp I ™ X g @Q @ G E E g @ ¥Ab yU°r€`eARAxƒ©U1A€AusrU€1UyUwuydeAyUAd¥•l¬ u©$T 62 @ T @8X p g b W Eg @ B @ E Eg I Xg IXWg c @ ‚ bX E@ T qWWI ¤ h $‘¥`aw UR‡rAr§©U‡xU¨¨¥hb a„¥$re¨Aƒ4$ 8 T b c @Q f h g f e t p B T I ’ @ Q b k p I QRex•°ji‡&&r@ UfU`zu©… U¨X 2 2 P gG { pp bv W I p @ E b T @ 8 X v b g G X c q Q X W g A€9Ab yhyYAUrH$a¥`&…hb s`©…`¨¥hb c @ 8 X gG @ E I T W g G X B T W W I @ 8 7 E @ X c qQ X W g c G „ ¤ h X g I X W g p @ E b T ¨ g b T T c § @ 8 X gG @Q @ ¥`s€a©o1¥hb sxfUq qAiA9Y ¥„`©…`¨¥hb $W ou4$xU¨¨¥hb c H$§©R$fhb „Ž¥`s€A•&P 2 1  @ @Q @ @Q b X W X g @ T T b c f G E g @ B B f @ 8 X gG E @ X g @ W @Q B fxyv •ƒ„‡„¥xfRe~s’ H©UYoA`f€‘¥„x¨e•oW G 2 3 @ W G G 8 X X q b ‚ I g G W W q c G E XQ b 8 W f H wQ X W q E gG @ 8 X gG E @ W q p @Q IQ G E g I Š Š t Š F ‚ Š Š t ‹ F v b X W Aq qW $W `‡xhU…hb ¦q¥qW Hdu¥e“z I‰`¨¥h©€fA`…€‘xq¥‘w •SoW ‘AU1rŠ ¢x £ArŠ hGd„rb c 2  ( @ P IQ @ ™ I 8 G { X B T @ X X I 8 c I @ Q bv p b T p I q X c I @ 8 X v b P gG pG q ‚ @ 8 X P gGQG q Œ @Q t @ G W g @ B @ E g I W q b q EQ ASA¥x`X 9z¥f„|¥x©xmuy…E RxrU©``©$A`l1A€uE €rf¥`…A€˜€hx•HU¥™ `¥U’ f©U2¥h¥h•I W o©©r•UUAU¨¥x€yU’ dA9w hb s¥I rc Ue‡A`o¥€˜rh2•„X xU•A1hb s¥•RA©¥€©©o1¥`m$¥UI G 8 c I bQ B B I p I X g @ TGQ @ B @ @ 8 7 g G X p q p I c @ 8 X P gGQ q E WQ @ @ T IQ I B g G X IQ @ B b Á @ gG 8 c I T @ 8 X v b w g 2  gG @ P g I 8 c w g I b X W W p EQ I P @Q X g I X W g c E @ T W W I h t @Q b TQ @ 8 XQ q k T IQ P G E D C B ¨ g b T T b c €sAUAa¥U‘„Y¨x@ RSre•oxU¨¨¥hb ‘¥$Uq ¨AxW G ¤ mr•u$rA`‰Uu1 D USRAI H†$‘©RxfRe|§ 2 WG e@ sX @ 8 X W I gG @Q @ 8 E @ @Q @ @Q E g I I E b X E @ W q E b 8 X @ T @ 8 X b c Iv @ E G 8 G 8 { „ D  ƒ W ¡ c b ¥`zA1€A•Axxyv •6©Uxw UH„…¥¨A6H¥`e$1¥`1„X ©˜9r2W 1©c $4rEx e©H4h „ CA B@   1 ¥1 8Q @ B bQ B p I X @ T G q p @ 8 X ‚ Q b t Q @ g g qQ c G c @ W b X E @ g G W W I @ ‚ b X t p I X g @ GQ @ B ’ @ Q @ 8 G @ E @ X I p I 9R•U¨e$6E RŒ G 1A`‡w jur|ArU…xhˆ AxB …„x¥¥hP ¦¨Axs„xw ypU¨¥$€T˜u`h¥`X ©…x„¥©yqU©™ @ g@@‚ WI h tXg Gc £@ xiA©8 ¤ 41A¥w€sxi6 ARb s¥I U©c Ue6A`€i„X $USA4UI s¥q¨x6U1W …X fAr`lt ¤ je¥@ A6eub c h t { b g pG X g 7 W g G X p q p I c @ 8 X gG Q @ @ T IQ I B p G X g @ W W @ g I G G W q 8 X 2 @ PQ I 8 c G E Á w c g G c £ @ @ 8 X g b @ P E p { b g ¡ W @QG q Œ @Q @ g p G X GQ @ c IQ I 8 c p b T ÁQ @ g g q Q @ 8 7 W X g G c £ @ rAqW H©`©@ A6e‡A`9R2r¥@ $AAde•€hx•x¥€G $c s„W ˜„X ©•A1E R$uy¥Urrx¥‡n „¥@ A6eub c 2 b { X pp I X g @ TGQ @ B @ P gG E g ˆ W @QG q Œ @Q G E g I @ @Q P @ E @ T b W b X E b b X WQ @ E g q @ ‚ b X E @ T q W W I G @ g 2r‘w yU¨¥x€yU’ ¥€HAjie•€hx•6X ˆ©U‘xher$Rq“„Hu„„•rAU“؄xxre¨AiW ƒA€G p c s¨W y„`©S©©6A€©xA9f ¥€ujU©Rb s¥ShsA`xAƒ„ƒ¥e•yv •x€sX $h¨$¥€u”¥€sX x¨•„¥€G G X GQ @ X c IQ I 8 c @ gG 8 c I T @ 8 7 X gG b B p I g G X IQ @ B b @ 8 X W I b X E @ @Q @ @Q @ TG @ T b W X gG b B P gG c @ WQ @ X g 2 @A9s A€G c s¨W y„`©S©©oA¥€©©x—A€s„Ae6@ HE fUr§A``X 9s¥€G ‘c s„W ˜„X ©•AdE R$uy¥UrrQ 8 7 @ g p G X GQ @ X c IQ I 8 c „ @ gG 8 c I T P gG X W I c G B T q B @ 8 X 8 G { @ g p G X GQ @ c IQ I 8 c p b T ÁQ @ g g q 2 1 @ 8 X v b X gG b B P gG c @ WQ @ X gG @ 8 X P gG E g ˆ ¥`91¥€uØ¥€sX x¨•„¥€dA`A€u©jƒw ‚ ¥¥€1r„eaW hb sxyh¨A`&sUSRAI H¶‡A`§‰† E @ gG T Q @ X @ E G g G X qp b W @ 8 X t T IQ P G E D C B @ 8 X g @ W I 8 B P g pp ˆ @ 8 X v b XQ I B E g c @ W @ 8 X 8 G { p I @ E T IQ P G E D C B @ 8 7 W W c bQ qAAU‘A€G yj1A`nY©§Ahb xq…¥`…`X ‡dW Uxr©USRAI HF$aA9z qe@ H•B 2 2 g G X I c G p b W @ 8 X P gGQ q E w G W bQ b B @ P ¡ gGQ 8 W @ 8 X Q bv @ X I W g @ B T b c b p GQ @ X I T p I g G G E E I 8 G { w G ™ I hb s¥ehˆ HE G R¨dA`$A€yUhYrX ¦ru9rAI r€˜re‡A`uuy2„¥s¥fRex„X UI ˜„¥x©U©Rb sX HU©Y`X ‡drX ¥ec @ 8 X pp ˆ b X G XQ I B g G X I c G W g @ X gG @ 8 7 g Q @ X X I B P g pp ˆ X 8 G Q @ 8 X gG I X ‚ b b X E g I P gG  @ @Q v @Q q X I T @Q ¥`yja„dW $‰AaRb s¥xhˆ ¦A„¥€…A9u r„|¥©‘A€G yji¥RP ˜a¥`…€¨¥Ra„6©U6A€¥xe•|x•U`¥x•B 2 @Q q G URP Hk ¦ 4 ¤  ¨ 5 4   ¢ ¦ '  ¢ $ "   ¢   ¨ ¦ ¤ ¢   ½ §)§¥¢ 6§)32 10)£(& ©§%#! ©§¥£¡U 2  ß 1 Shot sleeve 2 runner gate 3 mold gate Section 7.2. The “common” pQ2 diagram Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  8. í å èä è î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â dsç S¥Ý ï Ý ©§xs©5‡rsm©•ierAê 5 64 ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Þ Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡…©rse`e6`eŽÛ €©ij€49 d‘w ¢hrRt Ø¥RP ˜reRb c QG @ } ‚Q I Ú Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ w B 2 87 @ c g p I ‚ cQ bv G X I X W I P gG W q E @ X p q p I c @ g I c @ qp I  @8 7 @™@ pW Xb W @8X Eg @¥‡¥ eAUI U©Ž@ Suyc s¥¨¨“ˆ¥€`¥¥x„¥I U©c Ux‚ Ue¥yU©™  3A9¥ ¥ee@ eiA8 dA`ŽAUI ¤ 2 2 @ gG 8 c I T P gG X W I c G E @ 8 X v b X @ W wQ @ @ Q bv E @ gG T Q @ @ E @ ‚ b X W @ qp I  @8 ¥€©©x“A€s„Ae@ H¥`xse¨”A™ ‡uyŽ¥¥€……„X rd~„aeAyU©™  2©UI  E g  1A97 ¤ ¤ @ A™ @x@ p W‡b¥eW1¥8`f€G‘¥@¥€G¨X|¥I…Uxi©c $o„¥S†AR0Uf€xoT X 8 @ X g E g I X @ ‚ g I c 8 G 8 { @ X IQ { b ¨ T q TG ’ I  ¤  @ @ W Xb W @8X g A™ x@ p dA8 …A`…€G @A€G8c©IxTƒP¥€sX¨Aec…@ GHf@¥`X…w ‚ƒ¥@¥€G¨X|¥If@‚Uxi©c $1•re¨xtUf€xoT g gG W I E8 EgIX g I c 8 G 8 { @Q q W W @Q B T q TG ’ I  ¤  @X IQ { b ¨ @ 8 „¥•©AR)A`X  BG X Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X X I @Q q W W @Q B @ 8 €sjAryU6A`i¥f•re¨e•aA`X  ½ @Q @ 8 r•A~(  ¤  ' „ ¥  % #! $" ¤    2 %  & ' 3ß 1 © W I g @X GQ As„|X ˜${ @‚ gIc ‘Ux¢t @ T G q p @ 8 X t g G X B T W W I X W p @ 8 X b X P gG EQ b c c xE RŒ G A`uHRb s¥fUq ¨A‡¨AI ¥`„6¥€H•uee2f  t BG X Q @ P g p B @ 8 X X I @Q q W W @Q B p I  u€snAUyqrA`9¥i•re¨xmU¨X „ E @Q I q Œ ux•©RsW  t @ X IQ { b ¨ E g I   t @Q q W W @Q B @ 8 X g @ @ {X @ ‚ BG W g G X p @Q Q I @ g p f „¥S¿AR©Uor•re¨xaA`…x2…ea€8 ARb s¥I uxA€G ¿‡ 2ß 2© 1 Q @ g g q Q @ 8 X gG ArUrsA`f€$W G { b ¨ p I @ T @ 8 X b X c g I X G W @Q gG I T @ 8 7 AR©U¨X x6¥`a„o@ ©U¨„W `e•€xa¥‡d 2 2D P g pp ˆ @ 8 X P gGQ q E WQ q c c b g G X I c G p b W b e A€G yj1¥`aA€yUhY•U©eH1Rb s¥xhˆ uE G h¨6&o ‹ 2 2 p I @ T G q p @ 8 X gG X g @ W @Q B G W I P ÁQG I b e U¨X $ƒE RŒ G 6A`…€9¥qe•1W ‡ArA˜€&o € 2 2 @X I P bX E @ 8 c I @Q G p I @ T G q p @ 8 7 „¥r6„6¥¥©x•oW HU¨X xƒE hŒ G a¥‡d 2 2§ E @ X c p P @ g @ ‚ g I c g G X I q Œ @ ‰ pp q b g Q @ Ú gG W T Q @ X w g I } ¥„`x@ heA6Ueihb s¥AhxYW G yrh¥rj€x$r„…¥Uao  2 2 @Q q G •URP uk ¦ 9§¥E¨ ¦¦ ¥ ¥¢ & q 4 0©¢ ¥£ 1) $ # ¡¢ 4 ¤ ¢  ¢ ¤ ¨ ¤ '  ¢  ¦ ¢ &¢ "   ½ ß 2± Time filling cavity { or the hydralic pressure liquid metal pressure at the plunger tip starging filling the cavity to the venting system liquid metal reaches plunger location Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  9. í à èä è ï î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â `|ç •¥Ý ©eÝ ©§xs©5‡rs¢©•deAê €©ij€4Y d§w ¢hrHt Ø¥RP ˜Uw Rec ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡1©rse`eÞ e—Û QG @ } ‚Q I Ú Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ B b ‹ eß 2 D ËÆÅ ÉÅ srdye Îi Ï Ë Å ‡ „ r ˆWf ``cxÉ Š‰ ËSà Р‡ƒ ÐÉ ƒ ˆcxhsÎË q¦Ãƒ Ä` Å Ç Ç 9 Î f…#r†¨Í|Ņ „Ë`€Ë Ë sÎYƒqāËYtw€Ëà 9rÆ#uixËÐ ‡u¨ÊÃsÊÉ wsËÈ„Ë qÅ&sÐÐ Äui€ÍsÆÈ xsÎÈ „ɨÃu„Ä…ËÍ sˀËrƇ€Ë`qÊÎ ‡™ËÉqà Î`‚ 5„ ƒ £ ~|{ }—# ¤ ¥ ¤ „ U€   2 € €  © i # ¥ ¢ # 3ß 1 W I E @ g @ E G ¤ h T IQ P G E D C B ¨ g b T T c§ @ 8 X g AxAjˆ rYW ƒ4vU•hAI u–$©R$iRb „”¥`f‰† # v ˆ ©  (z… wv £ © ' G#y exvwwv v % ¤ y#   I d Ht s ” n ˜ FDYmR F H FD R F h F FI† $kikRGu$r yqpoG QHG"ViC‚Vk˜P‚DG„wGQBlik˜QHG€YfFQH`"„Y j 4   i&  E9T£fE%  hˆ …g ”ƒ “ U FR ‘ H UR h˜ dS D H r ˜D ˆ … ”ƒ “ U FR ‘ H H "—‚‘Eyfƒ’Vde   aeiQRyED G5`d`EfYebQBfFt™GE—–a‘`•’V’iQRyED GPQBfFtr ‰ˆ‡I"„a†P„PI E‚G"€YyEbGQBwGbaRE`XIWIQRVvGQBu`GtsS QHq`piEfYeTGQBcGbaRE`XIWIQRVTGQBPI GECA UD … ƒ H U FD FxD R F FD UY US R F gRB r F URhg dS R F FD UY US R F H FDB 4 (@979¦& $ ¨  53 86 Q bXIqXcI @8X W@X bg @ E u„¥©``©…¥`dx„Ar‘ ¥€yqAreo•A${ X BGQ c W ‚ q W @Q @ 8 1 2 2 „ §   ¤  ) 2 3ß 1 © )  © )    © '  )   % 0 „ƒ @PIB U…A© € g G X c @ W gG pG I @ E @Q b T @ @ hb s`¥¨f€$W €¨X r…u$6x¨W rE @ oH•6¥`…h1@ ©UI UAa@ SuysxRˆ G Uf€¦~f W p G w @ E bQ @ 8 X g b c g p I ‚ cQ bv E @ p B TG W 2 3¼ 2ß 1 X i¨Aq G @W 2 X b g b E @ { c gG W t @ g b E @ TQ bv @Q Q b p @ E b T G 8 X gG g G X I GQ @ E @ 8 X g b P gGQ I @ ‚ b g W I 8 g G X I T Q bv gG v A§o2‡@ ©€¦UU¥hi¥$…uyezuH$$W `1€iRb s¥©™ y1¥`oRs¥€˜xAxAAsRb s¥xruyx€ub @ x@ 9W `¥¨x@ A`‰¥ewY „e$UI ulr¥Uyri¥`i„fSre•i€d¥UI ˜©x€‡¨$yUdW frX ¥Hb AhAryUB c G B G 8 X t W W p @ 8 XQ @ ™ @ e Q @ X @ T G E Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X b X EQ I P @Q gG X g G Q I ™ gG X W b Tp I G w G c p @ ™ Q @ P g qp 2 (' X I 8 X TG p c WQ @ 8 cQ I @ W @Q @ T b W t @ ¥©`¶€I ©ƒ¥•xqe•Ø$h¨$eX l @ T I W @ 8 X @Q @ 8 { W g G G E g c Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X G g @ ™ @ t X 8 G @ $Uq—¥`”¥xARb sX HAhb …AUyr¥¥`fv “¥eYexhP A2{ % &2 Q @ P g qp B @ P g I 8 c b X @ q E X g @Q @ G E X I 8 { @ T I W @ ‚ ppG { g G X G Q v ¨ wQ E § @ 8 7 Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X v b W g G G E g AUyr1r¥U©©…„YAR2¥•l¬ uu¥Axd$Uq‡ry€9‡hb s`c ˜|oAh|§A9n r¥UyU…¥`m&ARb sX HAhb c 2 @ 8 X g b W E g @ B @ E „Q @ @ T G ¥`ƒRs©sS„X $UI HE AryU“A`A€uAUAxs„X ree•‘Aƒ@ ©U¨„W ¦x—A`§€AUA§A97 Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X P gG P g I 8 c v b W p q W @Q W I c g I X G W @Q @ 8 X gG @ P g I 8 c @ 8 1 WQ @ X @ T G E Q @ P g qp B X g @Q @ G E Q bv @ T I W @ 8 X pp G X g @ W W @ G @ gG 8 c I T P gG X W I c G E I T bQ v E @ X c IQ X @ @ •„e$UI ulr¥Uyr$xm¬ Hluy$$Uqx¥`xw yUI sx¨qeiW …¥€©©o¥€s¨Aeo@ u…¿h|s¥„`©S`¥’ $‚ 2 g I c X I 8 X cQ bv @ 8 7 g G X c g q v ’ p B T c @Q b T ‚Q I v I G w G c p @ ™ Q @ P g qp T q TG ’ I T @ 8 X t Q @ @ { b Uex¥©`a@ SuyiA9i hb s`©r|`@ Ufhb 6u$m€˜61W ƒ…X AHb A&AryUB Uf€rxx§¥`m|A™ 2A&P 2  tQ @ @ T G E Q @ P g p B @ 8 X v b g G c g qv W q G ™ ‚ b I G I @Q I Q @ P g p B @ 8 7 „ I @Q Q@ @ T G  5„X $UI Hnr¥UyqUsA`&fRb sX AU|‡¥hb ¥RiYW x•nAUyqrs¥‡2 ¥I „X $UI HE #!  2 2 $"©   ¢ 1 @ P g qp B @ 8 X E g I w G c p @ ™ Q @ P g qp T q TG ’ I T @ 8 X v b g G c g q v I G @ X IQ { b T q TG ’ I T @ 8 QAUyr”¥`“AU…X AHb Air¥UyUB rf€rxx”¥`9§Rb sX AU|§sW „¥•‘AR¨ Uf€rxxA97 W I E @X b g @ E @ g p @ 8 X ‚ g { b 8 W W I @X IQ { b T q TG ’ I Ax„¥…A€G sA`fw 6xA¥e9A1„¥S©AR¨ Uf€rxxT 2 ( g @Q @ G E E g I @Q W W @Q B T q TG ’ I T Q @ PQ p I W I 8 Q @ X @ T G E Q @ P g qp B Q pp I T W f @ g p X g @Q @ G X¥•l¬ u6©Ui„   •Uq ¨xVri€xxz•I aYAA&„e$UI HjAryU&@ yUxeØ& A€G ‡xm¬ HE ¤ 2 1 I W @ X I @Q c Q @ X @ T G E Q @ P g qp B X g @Q @ G E I E g I @ gG 8 c I T P gG X W I c G E @ T I W @ 8 X v b g G X I gG ‚ T b c de„¥x•©j„e$UI Hmr¥UyU9xm¬ H…s©U$A€©xA€s„Axx@ H$$Uqx¥`j$Rb s¥©€fRe~{ Ag f @ „ E @Q I q Œ @X IQ { b T q TG ’ I T I b X @Q q W W @Q B Q @ 8 G 8 I T bQ v W XQ I X W @ g p @ 8 7 @Q q G •rhP uk ux•©hqW „¥•©AR¨ Uf€xo‘„9„   •re¨x‡ARP tR•|Y„‰¨„…A€G A9i § ¤ ß 2 2 2¼ 1 gG €i Ax„¥fA€G 6A`fw $AA8 9X xAVUSRAI HE D hi$eSRi‘UefA€G x¨j…A`UxAU97 W I E @X b g @ E @ g p @ 8 X ‚ g { b W G W I T IQ P G C B g b g { IQ E @ ‚ g I c @ g p X WQ ˆ @ 8 X t W q 8  1 @ g G X GQ c W ‚ W p G W W b B w g I X g @ W @Q B @Q @Q @ 8  P …Rb s¥€B˜©qAUq o@ r€‚`¨‘xU9x¨x‡ •A${   ¡ © ¨ £   2 2 „ r  ¡ §¥£ ¡ ¦¤¢ 2 3ß 1 t @ X IQ { b ¨ T q TG ’ I T @ 8 X p G r„¥S¿AR0ri€xx6A`aE @ w I @Q I p I g G c @ W ‚ W W bQ c @ ™ @ W X b 8 W @ 8 X 8 G { E @ gG ‚ T c w G c p @ ¥lU©Rb sX xqU|q•©ƒ¥ee@ p f¥e‘A`§`X ‡“¥¥€fhb …X Aub ¥™ rf€rxx”¥‡Ž …¥fsW dA™ x@ p W T q TG ’ I T @ 8 7 wX B T @ G @ @ 62 X b W @ 8 X g @ 8 { Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X v b w G c p @ ™ @ 8 X P gGQ W I @ T ‚ @ g b E G @ qp I v b g G X I gG T Q @ @ A8 s¥`aA$wr¥Uyr‘¥`usrX ¥Hb AfA`A€yUq A¥$ƒw ARrxW 6AyU©™   aRb s¥©€1r„X rE ¤ Section 7.2. The “common” pQ2 diagram Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  10. í å èä è î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â dsç S¥Ý ï Ý ©§xs©5‡rsm©•ierAê C (4 ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Þ Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡…©rse`e6`eŽÛ €©ij€49 d‘w ¢hrRt Ø¥RP ˜reRb c QG @ } ‚Q I Ú Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ w B 2 B r i syqq¦RYÐ nÅ wqG`Ï u€Ë`uos¨€ËÎ ÎËŃ Ã Æ Ô Ç Ç Åƒ É Ã Î É È Êà 8 r UA`T¦x@ r xÉ …|„…u„˜w ÌÄ `˜|e&€ËÎ zm`t g 9 Ë Sà 9 Ð ÇÅÍËÄ ËËÄ Ç ÃÅË Ê É È Î É 5 r Ã Ç Î Ë X Ì Íw Ç ÆÅ Æ Ç Å ƒ É 6Ë È Ã Í É Æ V ÐÎ Ã Ì ÉÅ Ë Ì ƒ É V É ÆÅ ƒ Ã Ë Æ ¨Ë Ê xy ¦sYË s•xÄ `rirÅ 4V qGe7u`q9s4W•¦¨Ë $yz5Ö Ç oÊ Ì Gh§Î srqˆis4s „ r     4  ¨   ¥ 2 ß 3ß 1 ”œ Ÿ— y€‰— ‰€3 ˜— ' š 3—  ˜” 1 )— ' ½ X g I X W g c E @ T q W W I @ ‚ g I c @ X IQ { b ¨ GQ X @ T qp b ™ @ 8 X t @Q bv @Q @ 8 e¥U¨„ARb 6¥$re¨AfUx…„¥•†AR)c y`e$UyRAxA`uUuye¥`X ˜ ™s%™ 0s › š y€ 2” 0s( š 89 8 9 8 X g I c G g G W gG G g G X I c G p b  yAUrrd¥`€’# §U©`o¨e@ axAUA‘…X `¥lU¨X $ŽE RŒ G dA`X ¥Uehˆ RP `¥€sW ‘Rb s¥xhˆ uE G h¨W „Q @ g g q Q @ 8 X gG & Š g I 8 X W W p W @ P g I 8 c w G W g @ E p I @ T G q p @ 8 f‹3 2 1 @ 8 X t 8 c W W f „ W E g c @ ppG T Š Š W W p 8 c q T G W @ W I c X W b T gG 8 G 8 ¥`&H©©q su“ srAhb xqW G y€1ˆrx qe@ Ž©©fW eqAei„r$Ž€“c x{ Hb yB ¥€G yj‘¥`”¥€˜URE E GQ @ P g pp ˆ @ 8 X P gG Q q ‹  2 1 X g I X W g b c X W b Tp I E @ T q W W I @ ‚ g I c p I X @ T G q p @ 8 X v b @Q q X IQ @ B T @ X @ 8 X @Q b @Q @ 8 X E g I t w G ™ I c @ 8 ¥U¨„ARed„r$yUxxre¨AfUxuU¨e$ƒE hŒ G 6A`wfU`¥Sf„1¥`1•uyv •A`aAU¢xrX ¥xf¥`X v b P g pp ˆ @ 8 X v b g G X IQ q E @ 8 X gG X g I c G g G W gG G Q @v W g IQ X X I @ 8 @ 8 X X I 8 X E @ X IQ X W g b T @ E $ „ ƒ  ƒ XQ A€G yjiA`2hb s¥•UR6A`a€x¥Uehˆ RP `¥€fW dy¨¥US`‡¥xA§¥`‡¥©`‘x„¥S`„AR$…%rrx @ ‹ XQ @ ¡ c « tQ @ ™ @ { b @Q q X IQ @ B T @ X @ 8 X v b g G X c g q v I G W g G X I c p X g @Q @ G E gG @ X IQ { b @ 8 8¡c q©H« ‰¦Hz5¥e2AwP •U`¥•f„s¥`uahb s`©r|a1W oARb s¥xub …¥•l¬ H€„¥•vAR¨ A97 2 1 B „ rD  #§    ¢ 2 3ß 1  " ! W I E @ W W @Q B ’ @ @ ‚ g I c @X I P @ 8 X X I @X IQ { b ¨ @ 8 Ax¨qe•u`…Ue…„¥U…¥`‡¥f„¥•†AR)¥‡7 B „ r‹    ¦ 2 3ß 1  " ! g G Rb sX 2 p I @ T wQ @ @ Q bv X g I X W g c I W I E @ g @ E b p I @Q b @Q @ 8 X t @X b •uyv •A`ur„we 8 I q Œ @ ‰ pp q b g Q @ Ú P gG pG X 7 Ahx9W G yURA…jƒA€¥ G €snQ  U¨X x‘A™ nuydxU¨¨¥hb a‡AxAjˆ r¨W U‡W G ~ C| 2 @Q q G •rhP uk 4 )3¥¢ E© §¥4 66¨ qT£§¤ ¡½ §  2 ¦  ¨ ¦ ¤  ¨  ¢ ¢ ¦   2ß 3d Qmax 2 ρ Q= 1 2 Pmax 2 A 3 CD 2 2 plunger smaller 2 Pmax Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  11. í à èä è ï î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â `|ç •¥Ý ©eÝ ©§xs©5‡rs¢©•deAê ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡1©rse`eÞ e—Û § QG @ } ‚Q I Ú  Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ B b €©ij€4Y‚d§w ¢hrHt Ø¥RP ˜Uw Rec ß  B C@ # 8 v i¤ ¤ b s ” n ˜ FDYmR h H FY t† R H † † ˜ x F U r$ RB $ yqpoG QHG"Vi™ik˜" kHkdQHG™ˆ7`Gk˜E‚DF GcR CED cQRG‚D}VE£G9€ v 8"  y S Ey Ekyev ¦ ¤ yw  " b s ” n ˜ FD mR h H FY t† R H † t† ˜Dx Hx d & FD h R $g yqp™G QHG"Y ``k˜" kHkdQHGoˆPik˜E‚DF G7ˆEˆCt fF`e `R xQRGe2QBF hgd q g 0vg B ¨ q ts w f q B h gf d % ri ug  d  Cd B d rpi ¦B #Ce¨ #    y s #ciˆ™G QHG"Vi™ik˜"b kHkdQH’D ”pn ˜ FDYmR h H F 4   i&  E9T£fE%  ”s ` ~ n g ” YW "$8 w 8 aC| ™g Gƒ CXQ £ ¤ R d & R˜R ‘ ‘x U T G Q I G F RI D h B @v 8 U FD h R F ˜D 7 6# w “  EfYEWDV`GiVˆ`QRvI USRPH9ˆ9E„ˆ ¨ …¨ CAy# ¤ 9D aR"D QRGxGQBlGEˆ  !  …¨ v ev   31   e ‘ Y H ‘ Yd D d H U R F D d DF R ‘ H d ) ˜ R &H h R U h H r d “ R B  ¢ 5 e ©  z 4y 2 ¢ ¡ EVk˜EfEI H ED Q`QGw‘ E‚$k„Y kmkHv0iˆ(dqQ$D `k˜5V kdGf7QF ˜RB Hx d & FDh ˜D F U r$ R F e R I d FR F URh˜ dS FD UY US R F H FDB `Gtr t fF`e `R 'QRGe7GEbQRG‰D£VE%QBuis kH 9E‚D$Q‘n S QHqipi„fYx–GbQR„iI qIaRVGQBPI †GECA 4 "8 6 ¦ #979& $ ¨  53 )) ) !  ¦    § ¥ % © ¨¦¨ # „ r    2   ¢ ¡ 3ß 1 W shb sxyh¨W G g G X qp b @ 8 X 8 G 8 { Q bv ¥`fc xnuyd„ Eg ©UI W g { b g ¡ g q b {X 8 G { „ EgI „ ©U9¥ W g GX I q Œ @ b {X @ ™ I 8 @ { t c g @  ¥xA¥rUƒ2…s`X 9‡rD ¥hb s¥Ahx2r…A¥A62Rr@ ©&P  2 2 1 3ß 1 f‹3ß 1 ¤ ©££6¨ &¦' @Q q G •rhP uk  ½   4 ¤  ¨  ¢  4 ' ¢  ¢ ¢  ¦  ¦ ¨  ' ¦ 5 4 i& ¦ ¤     4 i  ¥4 66¨ qT¢  5 9£¥©©©EQ¢ ©6£Q¢ E§§•§$ §! 4 )q¢ §‰€c2  ¢ £3'  ¢ ¡¡¢€ 2ß 3d D1 Q max Pmax DP 2 ∼ DP 2 ∼ 1 Q max Pmax Section 7.2. The “common” pQ2 diagram Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  12. ‡ ˆ í å èä è î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â dsç S¥Ý ï Ý ©§xs©5‡rsm©•ierAê 4 ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Þ Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡…©rse`e6`eŽÛ QG @ } ‚Q I Ú  Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ w B €©ij€49‚d‘w ¢hrRt Ø¥RP ˜reRb c  © @ pu©  © †  ¢ 1 ¤ „ … "   § fS ‹ `ß ¢  B ¦ ¢ 1 „g GXIq Œ@ XI8X g {b W @‚ gIc Rb s¥©R¥d¥©`1$AA8 …Ue9X † b X gG E @ T Q bv W g IQ X @ ‚ g I c „   „¥€‘x$ruy„AU•`1Uxdrx S f‹ `ß ‚ B 1 „  rx S    £   % ¢    ¢   ` ¢ ¢ ¦ f‹ `ß  ! 1 „ 1 ƒ 3 g G X I q Œ @ P gG X q G X W ‚ Rb s¥©hxa¥€s¥`X s„Arq tmE p@ Gwi„rŠxfS gRb sX¥I©qRŒ¥@a„X¥€9¥f ‹G b gG „ ‹ ‹ `ß “ß ‚ ) 1 „ ¥  ‹   % ¢    ¢   ¦  ¦ Ef‹S`ß 1 g G X I q Œ @ t G X GQ @ c IQ I 8 c @ gG 8 c I T @ 8 X T bQ hb s¥Ahxurc s„W ˜„X ©•A…¥€©©x6A`†R•uk XI8X g {b W @‚ gIc G t„  ¥A`1$AA8 …UxdX ¢e¥ S f‹ `ß B 1 „Š  rx S   ¢ £  ¦  ¢ f‹ `ß  ! WpG E @ w 1 € t y g G X I q Œ @ P gG pG X h Q bv g G W W @Q B @ g I @ GQ @ E X p X gG b B G 8 X w E q X W b 7 „ ‹ g GXB T WWI g r‹ Sߓ Rb s¥©R¥¥€¥ G €sn7  ¤ zuyfhb ¦¨xU’ sUiA™ y‡e@ x¥€u1W `iA`¨lˆ Chb sxfUq qAa€G t x 3 E XIXW WI Xg IXWg c I @ x@„¥¨¨…Ao¥U¨„ARb ƒ‚ ¤ dUnV hb sX u©RefW `S¨W s¥qd„X ¤ ƒRhb sX u©Re6A`1W i¥Axj¢b h gIh g G G E g b c G 8 X wv G X IW b h g b g G GEg bc @8X G XI8 { t 1 „ rƒ S ¦ ¢  ¦ $ £ ` ¢ “ß X G @ G @ c g p I ‚ „ w G W g @ E X g IXW g b c Q @ E g q t @ T p b ™1 WW I T @ 8 X X I 8 X W @X IXW „  ¨W ’ YW feAUI U©x…X `¥‡¥U¨„ARewr©rmU$ryqh¥˜w¨Ax6A`i¥©`de„¥¨„dU  1 ß “ß g G X I q Œ « X gG b B G 8 X @ gG T I ’ @ W @ u p @ E b T ¨ g b T T b c § @ 8 X gG E @ ˆ G X I W pp I @Q c g p I ‚ W W I T @ 8 X Rb s¥©RHd x€HdW `YA€1U`u„X ©vt rH$iAh$fRe|§A`9€ixR¨W s¥q$w yU¥o@ ©UI U©‡qAx1A`zW † s dpf h g f I d T WrqiWPe8cbWYXWU"RPGEC V a`T V V TSQ IHF D A7 97 B8@86  W E g @Q X b X g @ B B I 8 X I 8 { @ @ W b X P gG ¡ c @ 8 c E g I WQ @ @ T IQ I B P gG wQ I ™ ‚ @ g b E G g G X I gG T I @ @ 8 r©•`s„…rU©$¥©$1x¨6„s¥€AxA©©U9„X $US©dA€©…w aARr‡W ihb s¥A€…U©’ …¥`X v b XQ I 4 @ qp I ™ w g I @ ™ I 8 b X Q @ EQ b gG Q @ @ T IQ I B w g I P gG wQ I ™ g @ 8 { W E g @Q X E g I W p W @Q p ‚ I g b W I @ dh5 ¥yU©f¥UiA¥Ad„4Sus€u„X xU•A§xUA€‰AiA$9rA`AU‡„X Uq x6@ UUAh¨A¥Q c q E bQ @ ©RH•B E URA8 zruxdW `‡r•uyv •A9†r©•`d@ rU©RqAx•de@ ©hu•ƒX sv Ž¥yU©—AAdy€s„X G p q b W p @ E b T G 8 X t @Q b @Q @ 8 7  W E g @Q X p ‚ I g b W I @Q W c q E bQ B G G @ qp I ™ I W I 8 ppG X W txx@ r€AA€˜hˆ s¥@ Aqd©rh¨Rd©U¨„oA”r©UƒAR•$oW jH$ƒA`iv d¥e$¥©`sAR•6xRb 3 W p BG c gGQ B c G X g G c W E g q b W g b E g I X W X b g b E E g I P g bQ { G p @ E b T @ 8 X G g @ ™ @ X I 8 X @ q PQ I @ T E @ gG T I @ G p I X I p I ™ p @ E b T ‰ g b T T c § @ 8 X Q @ 8 X @ 8 { W B I 8 Q @ B Q b p I ™ p @ E b T ¨ g b T T c § @ 8  ¥¥€…U©’ ‡W RypU‡¥§E G UAUrH$muh$fhb |ˆ¥`4¥`e¥x9AUAr‡uE G UAUrH$§Ah$fhb |ˆ¥`X g @ 8 { g G X W @ q Œ @ 8 X t @Q @ P W G E q X W W q G ™ @Q B @ 8 X pp I gG P gG W G T W I { W g G X B T W W I @ W @ 8 X v b w G p I A$fhb s„x¥hf¥`Rr•&x e@ HA`¨9¥hb e6¥`UyUa€‘A€¦¨W …1Ai‡ARb s¥fUq qAf¨eA`&srX HE G UA™ @ 8 X v b g G X I gG T I @ @ 8 X t p @ X I g q XQ bv g  E @ c p P @ g @ ‚ g I c „ g G X I q Œ @ ‰ pp q b g Q @ Ú 1 g G X I q Œ @ w PQ @ g ¥`m‡hb s¥A€…U©’ 9¥`xw „¥©r`uy¥27 Cx„X x@ heA…fUe&Rb s¥©R¥uW G yURArj¨2hb s¥Ahxo•A@ @ 8 X gG W T Q @ X w g I T „ b { E g I tp GQ @ X I T p I X @ ¥`”€ƒ$r„ŽxUx§u2…X AU9€UI ˜„¥xYU¨e$T E RŒ G p A`“h—w URrArŽ©c $a¥U¨„ARb ˆI Gq @8X g b p g b W Eg @ B @ E 8 G 8 { Xg IXWg c W Ø4“¥hrr©x“•2i¥hb sxire¨A€xØ2r&€rH$ˆ©R$fhb „–A`‡ƒRb sX Ar`„AReƒA`d€† G ¤ h @ g b ½ @ E I T @Q @ { W g G X B T q W W I gG I T b { X tp @ E b T ¨ g b T T c § @ 8 X v b g G c q Q X W g b c @ 8 X g ( ) # ¤ ´ » % ¼ »3 ix5s( ·" x' ´ ´'0 6dn² ±¯# 0 1w~'' #3 (3& » $ ± ¯ …a5r'‡%1°®    "¤        š šœ” !€‰—   |yy€k ˜  •” – š ¨©• › ™—  œ ‰ys€– 5š €” € › › ¨  š Ÿ Ÿ—œ ” š • ˜ 8 %9 8 ˜  š ” š ™€ •” s€– x š ˜ • • ›  ˜ ›  — • ˜   €— ž ” © A › ˜ € œ ˜ •Asš €” € › 8 %9 8 ˜ Fx FI˜ UR˜ V QHyEY QUi$Vˆx iGEY 4   i  E9T£•& %  ¦ § ¥ £ ¤ ¢ WQ ‘ U H r U ”ƒ F ” ‘ “ h Hh˜ E‚Dph D GPD ‚Db ‚o Gƒ V‰(U§ik˜piE‰DU QBfFtvkRxS EE R ie ˆeaRU S GˆdqS0 H r d ‘D IY H& FDR R   ¡ 86 &$ ¨ 4 b)¦§6 53 Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  13. í à èä è ï î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â `|ç •¥Ý ©eÝ ©§xs©5‡rs¢©•deAê ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡1©rse`eÞ e—Û ‹  QG @ } ‚Q I Ú  Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ B b €©ij€4Y‚d§w ¢hrHt Ø¥RP ˜Uw Rec ß ½ ¢‹  ¦   ¢ & ¦  2  ' ©£91¢ ¦ ¤   ¢ ß Qq G @URP Hk A1 P ˜ Fx FI˜x UR˜ V QHyEY QUi$Vˆ5iG„Y 4   i&  E9T£fE%  ¦ ¤ ¥ ¦ ¡ §¥ ” ” Y W  U & H F˜ Hx R x R UDBx H ˜RB r s F UR h˜ d s FD h  n ˜ F G€ƒ Gƒ CXQ ikRaH"qD5I tVikR`v eˆwdfh"„iˆI GP`GtT„S QH–`piEfYeS $QRGxuqs2oG QHGD x d ¢ £ £   Fr GD QRG‚DU VE£QB‚`G`dGyEtG„57 `G`7E7 iPkRecE„ R V‰(U7G QHGwQ‘EfVk˜cGQBF ˆdD F F r$ R F F R˜R SSDB FDB r xRBx ˜D ”p d S ‘D ‘ “ ˜ FD U “ H R RI   ¡ 4 86 979¦& $ ¨  53  W q b @ g bQQ AReAR•r@ T IQ P G D C B ¨ g b T T b c § @ 8 X X I 8 X tpp I Q bv c g b t W @ X IQ X W g b T @ E g G X p G ™ G 8 7 W @ W I c w g I W G USRAI HE $”©RxfRe|“A`x¥©`4€yUYuya@ ©Rwxe„¥S`„ARxr‘Rb s¥I Rb oW ‡‘ e¨Axƒ¥UxT gG E @ G 8 c I Q @ @ g p ‚ I ‚ bQ B G @ c g p I ‚ W W I T @ 8 X t @Q b @Q @ 8 X tp I @ T @ 8 X g b W E g @ B @ €“xA™ @ ©©iA™ Adw rU©R•sW eAUI U©s¨Ax§¥`jr•uyv •A`m€U¨X $§¥`6hor©rE ¤ ‡a¥yU©™ h v b @ qp I @ 8 X X I 8 X G g G X B T W W I Q b p I T I tp @ E b T ¨ g b T T c § @ 8 X gG t Q @ ™ b @Q b }  p BG c gGQ B g G X I ™Q @ W g ¥`…¥©`iW “Rb s¥fUq ¨A‡u5qxˆu€rH$Ž©R$fhb „–A`d€i5¥e•ui~@ U€¥©€y—hb s¥Aq¥hb c W W I T @ 8 X @ G W b B B b pp I G Q @ T G E G X g I X W g b c I ¨Ax”¥`‘„X ¦URdw yUec ˜`X xUI usX s¥U¨„ARe“aW G ¤ 6¥A`ie$Uq qAI USRAI H’$ˆ©RxfRe|§ h XI8X W@ T WW T IQ P G E D C B ¨ g b T T b c 3 @8X @cg h @ c g p I ‚ W W I T @ 8 X gG I X gG I T b  t I @Q I @X I P @ 8 X v b X W I p X I g G c g qv I @ ‚ X W q ¥`1eA€G  ¢ Hx•f„¥r…A`&‡¨Ax@ 1¥sRb sX AU|ifo¨¥iT ¤ seAUI U©1¨Ao6¥`…€¨¥€xdl7  @  1  WQ @ @ T IQ I B Q @ 8 X b w pG ‚G W W b B v b g G c g qv I G E g I Xg IXW g bc I X b g  TQ @X @ 8 †  „¦„X $US©lA`Y…X G €€¦q¨  ¢ YRb sX AU|YzW fAUn¥U¨„ARe‡wA‡W G © © © §¢ …„2A97 tI QI XIP @8X vb Xg@Eg@B@E G Q p@Eb T ¨gb T T @8X X P G Q cc  EgI  ¢ Hx•@6„@¥r6A`2xx©©€g‘@I ¢   3©U4t ¢   ¦ rux©R$fhb „c§ A`ƒ„bA€guSEub x2f Section 7.3. The validity of the “common” diagram Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
  14. ð í å èä è î é í á Ý ê âÞ ã â á ä âì à ë â dsç S¥Ý ï Ý ©§xs©5‡rsm©•ierAê ¥4 ç à ã ê éè Ü çä à æ å à å ä ã â á à ß Ý Ü Þ Ý Ü seUƒ™¥s€x¥‡x‡…©rse`e6`eŽÛ QG @ p ‚Q I Ú  Q g ‚ t Š Š Š  ×Ù X 8 GQ w B €©id€49‚d‘w ¢hrRt Ø¥RP ˜reRb c i h g e c W` X a V RP dIQfdb 5Y¦WSQH USQID T RP H p ©@ rf 9 b F RP SQH G (D D B à 4Å ÊËËÍEË ÃÍ ÎËXË „„„`#‡Ð ¨Rs¦YsÐ t É Ë Ã X Ë ÆÅ Å Ã ÆÅ Ä ËÅ ÃÎÅÄ Ð É È Ë Ê É ¥zsC Ì `¡srjq¦r4¨y¨‰r˜sxzsed… ÌÄ q… @ 8 X G E @ gG T I ’ @ @ ‚ g I c W @ W I c p IQ @ @ W t { b g @ P E p { b g ¡ G 8 X 8 G { E @ T Q f   @Q q G k gG g { b W W ¥`wv §xA€1U`…UxYx¨AxuUSA™ qr1A¥irx@ xA¥1W `…`X 9x$rY&S S •rhP u€s$AA8 9AI ß ß W @ W I @Q c @ E Q @ @ T G E Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X W I W @ W I @Q c gG @Q bv @Q @ 8 t w G c p @ ™ @ X I P @ 8 7 pp @ { W I @ G g ˆ gG e¨A¥xrU„X $UI Hrr¥UyU9¥`4A4e¨A¥A€t  xrX ¥Hb Az„¥ruA9w#y2lA2„X jx€&W G   uye¥`X ¦ „ rux~Ah$fRe|°¥`X „ˆA€H•uee©…1 ¥yU©„X jx€ØU§W G xA€¨|¥ˆUxc p @ E b T ¨ g b T T bc§ @8 b X P gG EQ b c c I @ qp I ™ @ G g ˆ gG g I E @ gG I X X I g I @ pI™ @8 ¢    ¥yqU©A97 A  v b @ W I @Q c gG g I 8 G { W @ W I @Q c gG   X I 8 X W @ X IQ X W g b T @ E „  1 g G X I q Œ «  "¢   ¡1¨A¥A€Ui`X 9deqAx•©©€…¡¥A`‡e„¥S`„ARxrYr S „hb s¥AhH9 ¨  # @ ¢     „! “ß X I 8 X g { b W W I { G  g G c @ W g†  E @ gG T I ’ @ G g G X GQ I ™ G W Q @ @ T G E Q @ P g qp B v b X c @ @ @ 8 X t X WQG ¥©`9$AA8 uAi&X i S Rb sX xqx‰iCxA€1U`2W ohb s¥I yA‡@  ¦h„X $UI H¢AryUzz`xl¬ $¥`e„•€uk ß e  @' 2 '  ()9"876"5¥3"1%)(¥%"#"!¥© 4  2 0 ' & $        g G c @ W P gG { p bv @ 8 X gG E @ W W q c G E G W E g @Q X ¨ g b T T b c ARb sX xqiA€9Ab ypRy1A`…€xq¨A©qW H‡W $©•`iAh$fRe|§ @¥`…AUir©•`¥U¥f¥`‡e2rX …h¨W ˜©fRe‡¥‡z„X Uq e•YAi•reHu‡eI YW c `¥¥U…¥`l$Rb s¥I hb ™ 8 X E g I W E g @Q X p I @Q @ 8 X g @ @ { @ ‚ g b GQ I B T b c @ 8 7  W p W @Q W I WQ q c c b W { p G W w 8 B @ 8 X v b g G X p G wg I G @@W bX t I @Q I @ X I P @ 8 X E g I Qb t Q @ X @ T G E Q @ P g qp B @ 8 X wQ I ™ @ { t X I 8 X @ gG T I ’ @ b ¥Unv oeqf„9 H¥$„¥r$¥`fAUi„  u‡ 1 |„e$UI umAUyri¥`o‰©92e¥©`9A€1U`fl7 ¢  ¢ t  „ X c @QQ c q`x•rub …1 @ UUxree•‘•hruxdAh$fhb |ØA`sw —¥„`c Hx•ir©•`fA`i•jeA”Ahb ¥¨¿A&e p ‚ I T q W @Q @Q I p @ E b T ¨ g b T T c§ @ 8 X ‚ E @ X G E @Q B W E g @Q X @ 8 X @Q I t XQ I B E g c @ W { b s IHF iI i¨PWT P©¦ee©¥F f§h` D h I£ D d ` I£ XI ¤¢ £  7 97 ¡8@86 ½ ' I1£91¢ ¦ ¤  RE  hD S ¦   ¢ & ¦  8 2 ß Qq G •@URP uk A3 Pbar Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
ADSENSE

CÓ THỂ BẠN MUỐN DOWNLOAD

 

Đồng bộ tài khoản
4=>1