Điện tử_ Chapter 14

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Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers the characteristics of ideal op amps. entify negative feedback in op-amp circuits. nalyze ideal op-amp circuits that have negativ dback using the summing-point constraint. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
4. Select op-amp circuit configurations suitable for various applications. 5. Design useful circuits using op amps. 6. Identify practical op-amp limitations and recognize potential inaccuracies in instrumentation applications. 7. Work with instrumentation amplifiers. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
The input signal of a differential amplifier consists of a differential component and a common-mode component. vid = v1 − v 2 1 vicm = ( v1 + v 2 ) 2 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Characteristics of Ideal Op Amps  Infinite gain for the differential input signal  Zero gain for the common-mode input signa  Infinite input impedances  Zero output impedance  Infinite bandwidth ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
SUMMING-POINT CONSTRAINT Operational amplifiers are almost always used with negative feedback, in which part of the output signal is returned to the input in opposition to the source signal. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a negative feedback system, the ideal op-amp output voltage attains the value needed to force the differential input voltage and input current to zero. We call this fact the summingpoint constraint. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ideal opamp circuits are analyzed by the following steps: 1. Verify that negative feedback is present. 2. Assume that the differential input voltage and the input current of the op amp are forced to zero. (This is the summing-point constraint.) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
3. Apply standard circuit-analysis principles, such as Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law, to solve for the quantities of interest. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
INVERTING AMPLIFIERS vo R2 Av= =− vin R1 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.