Đồn điền Nam Kỳ thời Pháp thuộc cuối thế kỷ XIX đến năm 1924

TU UEU - OiNH CHiNH sa UEU<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> DON DIEN NAM KY THGfl PHAP THUOC<br /> CUOI THE KY XIX DEN NAM 1924<br /> <br /> NGUYfiN PHAN QUANG*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I. KHAI QUAT TINH HINH TU" CUOI nhUng tren thUc te viec chuyen nhUdng<br /> THE KY XIX DEN NAM 1913 miin tra tien (concession gratuite) van tie'p<br /> Hai thap nien cuoi cung cua the ky XIX, tuc dupc thuc hien, gidi han tfl 300ha trcl<br /> chfnh quyen thupc dia cl Nam Ky diy manh xuo'ng; ne'u trong mpt gia dinh co nhieu<br /> viec "cip nhupng" rupng dat, trU6c het cho ngUdi, thi sd' dien tich d i t rupng dUdc<br /> cac loai thUc dan Phap. chuyen nhUdng mien tra tien cung khong<br /> dupc •vUdt qua 500ha.<br /> Cai gpi la "quy che chuyen nhUdng<br /> rupng dat" dUdc mei d i u bing dinh nghia MUdi lam nam sau (1930), theo bio cao<br /> nhu sau: "Cong cupc khai hoa xfl nay dat tren giiy td, d i t dai chuyen nhUdng miin<br /> tren nen tang xac dinh quyen sb hflu rupng tra tien "ft khi vflpt qua 20ha", nhUng dong<br /> dit, dong thdi bao ve quyen ldi cua cpng thdi lai thfla n h i n nhflng (hen tfch da dong<br /> dong (?) cung nhU tai s i n cong [cong san] thue tren 15 nam va khong vU(3t qua 500ha<br /> dupc chuyen nhUdng". thi van dUdc hudng che dp chuyen nhU(3ng<br /> Tren thUc te, day la mpt qua trinh cU6p mien tra tien, vdi (heu kien phai la (hen<br /> d i t t r i n g trdn cua nong dan, b i t d i u tfl chu Phap hoac cong ty cua Phap (1).<br /> nhflng nam 70 cua the ky XIX, v6i quyen Tfl nam 1897 de'n nam 1913, cac ca<br /> dupc chie'm hflu cong san khong gi6i han, nhan va cong ty thUc dan da cUdp chie'm<br /> khong phai tra tien (chung toi n h i n manh 470.000 ha, rieng Nam Ky Ik 306.000 ha,<br /> - NPQ) doi vbi dien chu thUc dan va tay sai chUa ke 90.000 ha nhUdng cho Cong ty<br /> cd bu. Sau mpt thdi gian, cac (hen chu nay khai thac lam san (Societe d'exploitation<br /> m6i phai dong thue va khong b i t bupc phai forestiere). Cho de'n trUdc nam 1918, h i u<br /> khai khan ngay. Cac chu tinh dUdc quyen het (hen tich cip nhUdng cho cac ca nhan<br /> cho chuyen nhUdng dUcli 20 ha. va cong ty thUc dan Phap deu da dUdc canh<br /> Mai den nam 1914, chfnh quyen thUc tac lua.<br /> dan ci Nam Ky mdi quy dinh (hen chu phai Theo tac gia Aumiphin (2), "cho de'n<br /> tra met sd' tien khi dUdc chuyen nhUdng, nam 1913, quy che rupng d i t cua thUc dan<br /> <br /> •pGS. TS. TrUdng Dai hpc SU pham Tp. Ho Chi Minh<br /> Eon dien Ram K^y thai Phap thuoe... 51<br /> <br /> Phap d Dong DUdng con chUa dUdc xac dinh - Cdn cd Nghi dinh ngdy 29-12-1880 vd<br /> va CO sU khac nhau gifla cac vung". 0 Nam 28-10-1881 lien quan din viec khdm.<br /> Ky, "quy che nay khong dn dinh; vao thdi nghiem rugng dd't d cdc hgt Soc Trang vd<br /> ky chinh phuc, •viec mua ban treng xfl nay Trd Vinh,<br /> la phUdng thflc chuyen dung dat dai thong - Cdn cd Nghi dinh ngdy 24-3-1887 vi<br /> dung". viec thdnh lap Sd Thanh tra dia chinh<br /> "Nam 1874, mpt nghi dinh da lam cho phuc VU thui rudng ddt,<br /> he tho'ng c i t nhUpng dat khong phai tra - Cdn cd hieu lUc cua hai Nghi dinh<br /> tien thang the. Tam nam sau (1882), mpt tren, dUa vdo sU chinh xdc eda cdc so'lieu<br /> nghi dinh thfl hai phan biet hai loai d i t do dia bd cung cdp vd cdc nhdn vien dia<br /> chinh: mpt la dat lang bd hoang, co the chinh thiic hiin, ldm cd sd ddnh thue rugng<br /> nhUdng khong phai tra tien cho ngUdi cd dd't,<br /> ddn xin (cac dat nhUdng khong dUdc •vUdt - Theo di nghi cua Gidm dd'c Nha Ngi<br /> qua 500 ha va ngUdi dUdc nhUdng dat vu...<br /> khong phu thupc vao khu dat dUdc chia<br /> QUYET DINH<br /> trong mpt thdi gian quy dinh [?]. Mat khac<br /> + Diiu 1: Tren todn xd Nam Ky, nhang<br /> la cac d i t dai cung cd the la do'i tUpng<br /> ddn xin ddng ky vdo dia bg tgi ly sd cdc hgt<br /> chuyen nhUdng bang hinh thflc ban dau gia<br /> do nhdng ngUdi chiem gia rugng ddt md<br /> cong khai.<br /> khong cd chdng khodn thi se Uu tien lay cdp<br /> "Nhu vay, cho de'n nam 1913, ro rang cho nhdng ddn xin cap nhUcfng ddt hoac<br /> cac quy che khac nhau da tao dieu kien cho dem cdc rugng dd't do ra bdn, ke td ngdy 1-<br /> viec d i u cd dat dai. Nhieu thUc dan, p h i n 8 din ngdy 31-12-1887.<br /> dong la chu nhflng so' vd'n nhd, da t h i y<br /> •I- Diiu 2: Nhdng khiiu ngi vi cdc ddn<br /> minh dUdc cip nhUdng nhflng dien tich qua<br /> xin cdp nhUdng dd't phdi nop trUdc ngdy 1-<br /> ldn dd'i vdi thdi ky nay (Nghi dinh cua<br /> 7-1888, cUng la thdi gian thong qua cdc ddn<br /> Kham sfl, Tho'ng sfl doi vdi dien tich cap<br /> xin ddng ky dia bg khdng cd tranh chdp.<br /> nhUdng lOOOha; Nghi dinh cua Toan quyen<br /> dd'i vdi nhflng dien tich tfl 1000 - 4000ha, •\- Diiu 3: Viec ddng ky dia bd sau thdi<br /> dien tich tren 4000ha do Nghi dinh cua Bp hgn tren, tdc ngdy 1-8-1888, cd gid tri nhu<br /> Thupc dia)". chdng khodn sd hUu.<br /> + Diiu 4: Quan cai tri cdc hgt, vdi sU ho<br /> II. LAP DL!\^ BA trd cita nhan vien dia chinh cita hgt ciing 2<br /> Ngay 30-7-1887, Thong dd'c Nam Ky ra hUdng chdc cua ldng cd trdch nhiem xd ly<br /> Nghi dinh so' 22 ve •viec lap dia bp va quy mgi khiiu ngi trong hgt. Chu hgt dUdc<br /> che sd hflu rupng dat. Nghi (hnh gom 7 quyin gidi quyit ddt diem nhang trUdng<br /> dieu, n h i m ra soit toan bp rupng d i t b hdp chiem dung rugng ddt md khdng cd<br /> Nam Ky de danh thue, dong thdi de tien chdng khodn hcip le.<br /> hanh thuan ldi hdn viec cUdp chie'm rupng + Diiu 5: Nhang ddng ky mcfi vi rugng<br /> dat cap cho dien chu - chu yeu la dien chu ddt khdng cd chdng khodn chi thiic hien ddi<br /> ngUdi Phap. Sau day la toan van Nghi vdi cdc ddn ddng ky trUdc ngdy 1-1-1888,<br /> dinh: nhdm trdnh xdy ra khiiu ngi hoac cd khiiu<br /> Thdng dd'c Nam Ky ngi thi cUng da dUdc gidi quyet.<br /> 52 Rghien euu Lich 5i3r. s6" 1.2011<br /> <br /> -I- Diiu 6: Tii sau ngdy 1-8-1888, nhOng sut nhieu, nhUng khdi lUdng cdng •vdec<br /> ngUdi ddng ky dia bg se nhdn dUdc mgt khdng nhflng khong giam ma trai lai con<br /> chdng khodn hcip phdp vd mdt sd do rugng tang len dang ke:<br /> ddt sd hOu cua minh..., vd cUng dUdc cd'p Bang 1: So n h a n vien va so lang da do dac<br /> mgt bdn sao dia bg de tgm thdi sd dung tfl 1912 den 1917<br /> nhu mgt chiing khodn sd hau rugng ddt. Nam So nhan vien So lang da do dac<br /> Cdc quyen sd dung theo Nghi dinh ngdy 22- 1912 41 24<br /> 8-1882 lien quan din nhdng rugng dd't 1913 44 36<br /> khdng cd chang khodn vd ngUdi chiim hUu 1914 35 33<br /> khdng xin ddng ky ten minh vdo dia bg, thi 1915 30 30<br /> 1916 22 20<br /> ke ta ngdy 1-1-1888 se phdi dp dung<br /> 1917 28 45<br /> nghiem nggt [... bdn chup bi md...].<br /> + Diiu 7: Mgi quyin sd dung rugng ddt Dia gidi gifla cac tinh Rach Gia, Bac<br /> trdi vdi Nghi dinh ndy diu bi bai bo (...). Lieu, C i n Thd, Long Xuyen va Chau Ddc<br /> da dupc xac dinh tai chd b i n g nhflng cot<br /> Sdi Gon, ngdy 30 thdng 7 ndm 1887<br /> md'c gidi. Nhd vay, se cham dflt tinh trang<br /> Thd'ng do'c Nam Ky (3)<br /> khieu td've dia gidi keo dai nhieu nam.<br /> Ba mUdi nam sau - nam 1917 - chinh<br /> quyen thupc dia Nam Ky ban hanh nhflng Viec tu chinh dia bp ciia thanh phd Chd<br /> quy che mdi n h i m hoan thien •viec lap dia Ldn da hoan thanh trong thang 12-1917 va<br /> viec thiet lap sd dd se tie'n hanh vao d i u<br /> ba phu hdp vdi nhflng thay ddi ve hanh<br /> nam 1918.<br /> chinh, trUdc he't la viec xdc dinh ranh gidi<br /> dd't dai gida cdc tinh. III. QUY CHE CAP RUONG DAT CHO<br /> Theo bao cao cua cac dia phUdng, tuy DIEN CHU<br /> nhan sU thieu nghiem trpng, viec dinh gidi 1. Khoang 20 nam cud'i the ky XIX,<br /> tdng quat v i n dUdc tie'p tuc kha quan trong nhflng ngUdi Phap mud'n dfldc cip nhUdng<br /> nam 1917. Dudi sU chi dao ciia cac 'TJy ban dat phai lam ddn xin d i t kem theo sd do<br /> dinh gidi" va sU ho trd ciia cac chuyen vien khoanh dat, nop len Phd Tho'ng dd'c Nam<br /> trie dia, viec do dac tai cac tinh Gia Dinh, Ky d Sai Gdn hoac nop cho chfnh quyen d<br /> Bac Lieu, Ben Tre, Chau Do'c, Rach Gia, hat sd tai (cd dat xin cap). Sau 3 thang (heu<br /> Tan An va Tra Vinh dUdc tie'n hanh thuan tra va dUpc Chu tinh (hay chu hat) cd y<br /> ldi.. kie'n chip thuan, ddn dUpc chuyen len<br /> Dac biet cac 'TJy ban dinh gidi" cua cac Tho'ng dd'c Nam Ky de chuyen sang Hpi<br /> tinh Gia Dinh, Bac Lieu va Rach Gia hoat ddng Thupc dia xem xet trong phien hpp<br /> dpng rat to't, khong gap trd ngai gi va da gin nhat.<br /> cung cap nhflng ket qua trie lUdng tren Hpi ddng nay se bd phie'u, ne'u dUdc chap<br /> mpt chen tich rat rpng, dilng lam can cfl thuan thi Thd'ng dd'c ra nghi (hnh cip dat.<br /> dau tien de lap sd dd cac khoanh rupng d i t NgUdi de ddn se dfldc quyen sd hflu kheanh<br /> cua rat nhieu lang xa vdi tdng dien tfch dat dd sau khi mpt nhan •vien Sd trac dia<br /> 80.000 ha. da do dac, xac dinh •vi trf va dien tich<br /> Bang 1 dudi day cho thay: ke tfl nam khoanh dat (chi phf do dac do ngUdi dUpc<br /> 1912, mac dau so' nhan vien trie dia giam cip d i t thanh toan). Viec cap dat khdng<br /> Edn dien Ram Ky thcri Phap thuoe. 53<br /> <br /> kem theo bat cfl mdt khoan thue nao. Ve nam thfl 7 cung chet d i n do khd han, thu<br /> nguyen tic, loai d i t cap theo phUdng thflc hoach qua it di. Cac loai cay khac cung chet<br /> "cho khdng" (gratuit) nay khdng vUdt qua d i n sau 2 nam do nang chay khi cay chUa<br /> 500 ha. kip ben re vao ldp dat am d dUdi t i n g sau.<br /> D i t cap nhupng chi b i t d i u phai nop Tdm lai la that bai hoan toan. NhUng<br /> thue tfl ngay 1 thang gieng cua nam thfl BLANCHY da dat dflpc ke't qua kha quan d<br /> hai, tfnh tfl khi cd quye't dinh cap dit, vdi nhflng ddn (hen khac, nen dng khdng tiep<br /> mflc thue thupc hang t h i p nhat (trfl trUdng tuc thfl nghiem d ddn dien Gia Dinh nfla.<br /> hpp ngoai le). Dien chu dUdc hUdng mflc Thdi gian BLANCHY that bai d ddn dien<br /> thue nay trong thdi han 5 nam de cd du Binh ThUng thi met Hpi ky nghe dUdc thanh<br /> (heu kien hoan thanh viec canh tac tren lap d Sai Gdn nham khai thac ddn (hen. Hpi<br /> toan bp (hen tich dUdc cip. nay chpn mpt khoanh dat 60ha d Xuan Vinh<br /> 2. Ddng thdi vdi viec "cip nhUdng mien (thupc tdng An Dien), each Thu Dflc 5km ve<br /> phf (thUc chat la cUdp rupng dat cua ndng phfa ddng-bac. Hp lam dUdng sa, dao mdt he<br /> dan), chfnh quyen thudc dia tie'n hanh •viec thd'ng kenh de tUdi tieu. Cudi cflng, hp trdng<br /> "bdn dd't cdng sdn". tieu, dfla va xoai. Do td chflc td't, ddn (hen<br /> Theo quy dinh, dat cdng san dang canh phat trien thuan ldi. Chit d i t pha cat vfla<br /> tac hoac dang trdng cay an t r i i khdng phai nen kha phi nhieu, r i t hdp vdi cac loai<br /> thupc (hen d i t dU trfl dac biet, deu cd the cay an trai, lai nhd cd ddng sudi gin ke,<br /> dem ban ne'u cd ddn xin mua hpp thflc. cung cip du nUdc tUdi cay. The nhUng, do<br /> NgUdi xin mua phai cam doan dat trUdc vdi thie'u theo ddi cham sde, ddn (hen nay suy<br /> gia cao hdn gia dd chinh quyen quy dinh. dan, cudi cung pha san.<br /> Ne'u gia ngang b i n g thi ngUdi cd ddn xin Nam 1880, Cong ty "Nouvelle-<br /> mua dUdc quyen mua trUdc ngUdi khac,<br /> Esperance" lap mpt ddn chen trdng mia d<br /> nhUng quyen ldi nay chi thUc hien ddi vdi<br /> Tan Sdn N h i t (thupc Phu Thp), phfa tay<br /> ngUdi cd dat tien trUdc.<br /> Sai Gdn, nhUng dia (hem lUa chpn khdng<br /> IV. DON DIEN d GIA DINH thfch hpp, •vi day la mdt khu dat canh tac<br /> tdi n h i t cua tinh Gia Dinh. Sau vai nam,<br /> Theo Dia chi tinh Gia Dinh (1902):<br /> nhflng thfl nghiem budi d i u cua ngUdi san lupng mfa ngay mdt kem, cdng ty nay<br /> Phap trong lanh vUc ddn (hen khdng mang phai dUa vao mfa cua dan cung cip de chay<br /> lai hieu qua ngay. Mdt bang chflng la may dudng. Cudi cung nha may dUdng<br /> trUdng hdp dng BLANCHY: nam 1875, dng cung ddng cfla not; vay la ca trdng mia l i n<br /> dupc cap nhUdng mdt khu ddi d i t cat d lam dfldng deu t h i t bai.<br /> Binh ThUng, tdng An Thuy (tuc gpi la Nui Hai ddn dien cua FARGUES va cua<br /> Dat). Day la dai ddi duy n h i t cd chit d i t PATERNELLE cung trong tinh trang<br /> set pha cat, cdn cac ddn (hen lan can h i u tUdng tu. FARGUES (mdt dai fly hai quan)<br /> he't deu la ddi d i t da Bien Hda va da hoa lap ddn (hen d Phu Nhuan nam 1880, trdng<br /> cfldng. BLANCHY trdng tieu, ca-phe, xoai, cay an trii, tieu, va-ni va cham (indigotier),<br /> dfla, nhUng chang cay gi cd ke't qua. Cay nhUng khdng ke't qua •vi thie'u cham sde.<br /> ca-phe chet sau 5 nam do thie'u nUdc tUdi; PATERNELLE (mpt vien chflc ke toan) \kp<br /> cay tieu tdn tai dU(lc lau hdn, nhUng de'n trai cay va-ni d Binh Hda thi cd hieu qua<br /> 54 Rghien euru Lieh sit. 561.2011<br /> <br /> hdn. Nhflng rdi ong ta cflng bd ludn, vi 7. CREVOST (Ke toan hai quan) thxi<br /> khdng thUc hien dUdc khau che bie'n thanh nghiem trdng bdng (gd'c Java) va nho tai<br /> san pham hang hda. trang trai d Tan Sdn Nliit, khdng hieu qua,<br /> Tai tinh Gia Dinh, cho de'n cud'i the ky dng chuyen sang trdng Ifla va thud'c la,<br /> XIX, xuat hien hang loat ddn dien ciia cac nhUng ke't qua cung r i t tdi •vi chat d i t xiu.<br /> (hen chu sau: 8. CROUZAT (Ky sU cdng chinh) cd ddn<br /> 1. BERLAND (Giim dd'c Nha canh sat dien d Thai Hiep vdi 80 ha rupng lua, cho<br /> trung tam d Sai Gdn) cd 3 ha d i t d Binh ngUdi ban xfl thue mUdn.<br /> Hda, trdng 6000 gd'c ca-phe va 200 gd'c va- 9. DOMENJOD (ThUdng gia d Sai Gdn)<br /> ni, chi mdi dupc 3 nam, xem ra cd trien cd ddn dien d Hanh Thdng Tay vdi 12000<br /> vpng. gdc ca-phe, ke't qua kha quan.<br /> 2. BOCK (Giam dd'c canh sat Sai Gon) la 10. FUYNEL (Trang sU) cd ddn dien<br /> chu nhan mdt p h i n ddn dien cu cua Cdng trdng lua b •vflng ddng liy Vinh Lpc. Sau<br /> ty 'Nouvelle-Esperance". Ong da chuyen vai thfl nghiem, nay da cd trien vpng. Da<br /> (hen tfch trdng mfa trUdc kia thanh rupng chuyen dUcic 100 ha thanh d i t canh tac va<br /> lua. Khu d i t cao trd thanh ddng cd nudi gia dang d i p bd khoanh toan bp dien tich ddn<br /> sue vdi mdt dan trau bd 250 con. (BOCK da dien 400 ha.<br /> chet tfl lau, ddn (hen dUdc Hpi Truyen giao 11. GUERY (Giao sU) thfl nghiem trdng<br /> nUdc ngoai mua lai). dau phdng, thud'c la va mia, nhUng do tieu<br /> 3. BOULLOCHE (Kham sfl Trung Ky) thu khd khan, dng chuyen sang trdng ca-<br /> dap bd ngan nUdc thuy trieu, lap trai trdng phe. Ddn (hen ca-phe cua dng d Hanh<br /> lua tren khu dat d C i n Gid, tren bd song Thdng Tay la mpt trong nhflng ddn (hen<br /> Soi Rap (trUdc kia khu d i t nay dUdc cip phat dat n h i t Nam Ky, vdi 45.000 gd'c, gdm<br /> nhUdng cho JACQUET). 10.000 gd'c gid'ng Java* va Moka, 5.000 gdc<br /> 4. CANAVAGGIO la mpt trong nhflng gid'ng Java ghep vdi gid'ng Liberia va<br /> (hen chu kinh doanh cd hieu qua nhit, vdi 30.000 gd'c gio'ng Liberia. Ong cflng trdng<br /> 300ha rupng thue lai cua ngUdi ban xfl. them 4.000 gdc xoai dUdc chiet tfl cac gidng<br /> Ong cdn cd nhflng •vUdn trai trdng dfla, cau, xoai ngon n h i t .<br /> dfla va mpt trai ca-phe d vflng phu can Thu 12. JOSSELME (Giao sU) ddn dien d<br /> Dflc, va cdn dU tinh trdng dfla d mdt trai Vinh An Tay cua dng la mpt •vUdn thf<br /> khac tai An Thiet. nghiem thUc sU, gdm cay rocouyer (mdt loai<br /> 5. CLARET (Chu nha in thupc dia) cay cham de che bie'n thud'c nhudm), ca-<br /> thanh lap ddn (hen tfl nam 1898 vdi 5000 phe, cacao, tieu, cao su, cau, Ifla, cay gdn,<br /> gd'c ca-phe "Liberia". cay sdn, cay diu, mfl-u, cay ciy [?] tre, t h i u<br /> 6. COURTEAUD (Giim ddc hpc chinh), diu. D i u tien, dng trdng cay reucoyer r i t<br /> cd 30ha d khu d i t cao thudc Tan Sdn Nhat. cd hieu qua nhUng phai bd, •vi hat y tfl<br /> Thfl nghiem nudi de nhUng khdng ke't qua (roucou) bi sut gia tren thi trUdng. Hien<br /> (•vi gap mpt nan dich), ben chuyen sang nay, ddn dien cd 6000 gd'c ca-phe phat trien<br /> trdng cay, vdi 500 gd'c dfla, 300 gd'c xoai, td't, san lupng tang deu mdi nam. Cic loai<br /> 2000 cay gd teck va 3200 cay gd sao. cay gdn, mfl-u, cao su cung cho ke't qua td't.<br /> Bgn di^n Ram K-y thcrt Phap thu6c... 55<br /> <br /> 13. MONTAGNE (Dd'c cdng Sd cdng * GENET cd 700 ha dat dam liy ci Binh<br /> chinh) ddn (hen b Khanh Do, la •vflng d i t Khanh, da trdng 70ha lua tfl nam 1896.<br /> thip, sinh l i y nen qua trinh khai pha * LAURETTE (Do'c cdng Sd luc Id) cd<br /> cham. Da cd 100 ha trdng liia. DU tinh lOha dat set pha cat d Trung Chanh Tay,<br /> trdng them dfla, cao su, day va mfa. trdng 1.100 gd'c ca-phe tfl nam 1896.<br /> 14. VIDAL (Dd'c cdng Arsenal) cd ddn * MAULER (Ke toan) cd 40ha6n d i t set<br /> (hen b An Thiet; 1.252 ha dang trong qua d Binh Qudi Tay, trdng lua tfl nam 1893.<br /> trinh khai pha (bit d i u tfl 1893), nay da cd<br /> * MOTTET (ThUdng gia b Sai Gdn) cd<br /> 500ha trdng lua, p h i n ldn cho ngUdi ban xfl<br /> 4ha d Tan Sdn Nhit, trdng ca-phe, xoai tfl<br /> thue mUdn.<br /> nam 1894.<br /> 15. VILSON (Chu nha ga Sai Gdn) cd<br /> * PASSARET DE LA CHAPELLE cd<br /> ddn dien trdng va-ni ci Phfl Thanh (gin Chd<br /> 17ha d i t set b Thuan Kieu, trdng lua, xoai<br /> Dudi), r i t cd trien vpng vdi hdn 22 ha dat<br /> tfl nam 1893<br /> set pha cat khai thic tfl nam 1898.<br /> * PAREIRE (Giam ddc Cdng ty Xuyen<br /> Ngoai 15 dien chu thUc dan ndi tren, cd<br /> Dai Tay DUdng) cd 25ha d An Ldi, Xuan<br /> the ke them mpt sd (hen chu khac cd ddn<br /> Vinh, Hanh Thdng, trdng lua, dau phdng,<br /> (hen trang trai nhd hdn tren dia ban tinh<br /> thudc la tfl 1893.<br /> Gia Dinh:<br /> * BLANCHY (Ddc ly Sai Gdn) cd hdn * PERRIN (Thu quy Ngan hang Hdng<br /> 17ha d i t cat d Binh ThUng, trdng tieu, ca- Kdng-ThUdng Hai) cd 750ha dam liy d<br /> phe, dfla, xoai, khai thac tfl nam 1875 Binh Khanh tfl 1894.<br /> nhUng da bd nam 1892. * Gda phu VIALIS (Vd gda SPOENER)<br /> * DECROrX cd hdn 17ha d i t cat b Binh cd 25ha d Tan Thu^n Ddng, trdng Ifla.<br /> ThUng, trdng tieu, khai thac tfl nSm 1882 * De VILLENEUVE (nhan vien Sd<br /> (da bd). Doan) cd 150ha d Thdi Hiep.<br /> * ANDRE cd mpt ddn (hen (chUa ro (hen Tdm lai, •viec khai thac ddn dien cua cac<br /> tfch) -vflng d i m liy b Khinh Dp va An Ldi, (hen chu ngUdi Phap trdng tinh Gia Dinh<br /> trdng lua, cau, khai thac tfl cac nam 1888 dang budc vao thdi ky phat dat. Viec trdng<br /> va 1895. ca-phe chUa nhieu •vi cdn mdi me, nhUng<br /> * RELLAND (Giam dd'c Nha canh sat) nhd cham sde td't nen cd nhieu hfla hen.<br /> cd 5 ha d i t set pha cat d Binh Hda, trdng Trong viec canh tac cac loai cay ban xfl,<br /> ca-phe Liberia tfl nam 1897. cd the phan biet hai loai (hen chii ngUdi Au:<br /> * BERENGUIER (DUdc si) cc 5 ha dat + Loai thfl n h i t dUdc cip nhUdng nhflng<br /> s6t pha cat b Tan Sdn Nhit, trdng lua va dien tfch da canh tac, chat dat dUdc cai<br /> vUdn rau tfl 1897. thien trai qua nhieu mfla •vu, bao dam thu<br /> * CLERVOY (Ddc cdng Nha thuy lpi Sai hoach chic chin, khdng lo gap rui ro.<br /> Gdn) cd 59 ha d i t d i m liy d Khanh Dp, + Loai thfl hai phai khai pha nhflng<br /> trdng lua tfl nam 1894. (hen tich bo hoang hoac chUa he dUpc khai<br /> * COMBES LEON (ThUdng gia d Sai pha. Hp gap khd khan thUc sU, tham chi<br /> Gdn) cd mdt ddn dien d i t d i m liy d An thua Id. Dac biet •viec trdng lua ddi hdi<br /> Phu, trdng lua, ca-phe, cau tfl nam 1894. nhflng bien phap thuy ldi td'n kem. Mat<br /> 56 Rghien cflu Lieh siSr. s6 1.2011<br /> <br /> khac, dat rudng sinh liy cua tinh Gia Dinh cdn nhieu (hen tfch "nhan roi" la Rach Gia,<br /> cho thu hoach r i t thap trong nhflng nam C i n thd, Sde Trang, Bac Lieu, Long Xuyen,<br /> diu. Sa Dec, My tho. Dat dai nhflng -vflng nay<br /> Cung thdi gian nay, nhieu ddn (hen ciia dfldc phu mpt ldp dat mau nguyen thuy<br /> thUc dan Phap ci Nam Ky cung dUdc thanh kha day nen r i t mau md, thfch hdp vdi<br /> lap tai nhieu tfnh khac (Bien Hda, Thu •viec trdng lua va cac loai canh tac khac.<br /> D i u Mdt, Ba Ria...). V. DON D I E N CAO SU<br /> -I- Mdt ddn (hen trdng tieu va ca-phe d Ben canh cac ddn (hen canh t i c Ifla va<br /> Chanh Hflng (Bien Hoa). chuyen canh cac loai cay trdng khac (tieu,<br /> + Mpt ddn dien trdng lua, mia va chudi d ca phe, mfa, day thud'c la...), cic ddn (hen<br /> Due Quan (Bien Hda). cao su cd vi trf quan trpng.<br /> -I- Mdt trai tieu 60.000 gdc d Tan Nhuan Dien tfch trdng cay cao su phat trien<br /> (Bien Hda). dang ke. Nam 1917, cac (hen chu da cd<br /> nhieu cd' ging ldn, n h i t la tai hai tinh Gia<br /> -(- Mdt trai ca-phe 15.000 gd'c d Phuoc<br /> Dinh va Thu D i u Mdt... Tai tinh Gia Dinh<br /> Tan (Bien Hda).<br /> da cd them 19 ddn dien cao su, trong dd cd<br /> + Hai trai ca-phe "Liberia" d Binh Truoc 9 ddn (hen cua ngUdi Au. Cd nhieu ddn xin<br /> va Xuan Ldc (Bien Hda). lap ddn (hen cao su va mdt so' ddn da dUdc<br /> + Mpt ddn dien trdng day 4000ha d Thu giai quye't.<br /> Dau Mpt (•vfla cip cho mpt (hen chu). Nam 1916, (hen tfch trdng cao su chie'm<br /> + Hai ddn (hen ldn d Ba Ria dang sinh 3.755ha. Nam 1917 dien tfch nay da tang<br /> ldi r i t kha quan: ddn (hen ca-phe va tieu len 4.560ha. Tong s i n lUpng cao su nam<br /> vdi 14.000 gdc ca-phe san x u i t dUdc 500kg 1916 la 189 t i n , nam 1917 tang len 320<br /> va 3.300 gd'c tieu cho san lUdng 450kg; chUa t i n . Bang 2 cung cap nhflng sd' lieu ve sU<br /> tinh nhflng trai tieu va ca-phe vdi hang phat trien cac ddn (hen cao su trong pham<br /> ngan gd'c d Ha Tien. •vi tinh Gia Dinh.<br /> Chd de'n cudi the ky XIX tren dia ban Tai tinh Thu D i u Mpt, nhflng cd ging<br /> Nam Ky, nhflng dien tfch cliUa canh tac cua cac (hen chu cdn ldn hdn. Thang 12-<br /> cdn chie'm mdt ty le ldn. 1916, (hen tfch canh tac la 5.572 ha vdi<br /> Trong tdng dien tfch hdn 5 trieu ha, chi 1.592.000 gd'c cao su. Tinh de'n ngay 31-12-<br /> cd 1.200.000ha dUdc canh tac. Nhflng hat 1917, (hen tfch cic ddn dien cao su trong<br /> Bang 2: Dien tich, nang suat cua mot so don dien cao su b tinh Gia Dinh<br /> cac n a m 1916 va 1917<br /> Vi tri d o n d i e n Chu d o n dien D i e n t i c h (ha) N a n g s u a t (tan)<br /> Hoc Mon Nam 1916 Nfim 1917 Nam 1916 Nfim 1917<br /> NgUdi Au 2303.00 2619.00 133.700 235.500<br /> Thu Dflc Ngfldi ban xfl 457.50 636.00 3.000 5.000<br /> Ngfldi Au 784.30 902.80 16.700 38.100<br /> Gd Vap NgUdi ban xfl 114.00 259.00 0.270 1.600<br /> Ngfldi Au 95.72 132.22 35.000 40.000<br /> NgUdi ban xfl 0.50 17.10<br /> Tong cong 3755.02 4566.12 188.670 320.000<br /> Edn dien Ram Ky thdi Phap thu6e... 57<br /> <br /> tinh la 8.699 ha vdi 2.528.000 gdc cao su; (Iha60), Thanh An (6ha), Phu Huu (2ha),<br /> nhu vay la tang 3.127 ha, tUdng dUdng vdi Tan Binh (Iha), Tuong Hoa (lha80).<br /> 935.000 gd'c cao su dUdc trdng them. Sau day la Bang tdng help (xem bang 3).<br /> <br /> Bang 3: Dien tich va so' goc cao su cua mot so ddn dien of tinh Thu Dau Mot<br /> cac nam 1916,1917<br /> Loai d d n d i e n Tong d i e n Cuoi So g o c Cudi S d goc<br /> tich 1916 cao s u 1917 cao s u<br /> NgUdi Au 20842ha 5332ha 1483.276 7844ha 2229.740<br /> Chfnh quyen 656ha 147ha 38.773 159ha 41.578<br /> NgUdi ban xfl 83 I h a 175ha 68.028 682ha 253.623<br /> L&ng xa 17ha lOha 3.209 13ha 3.699<br /> Tdng cpng 22347ha 5664ha 1590.000 8700ha 2529.000<br /> <br /> R i t nhieu ddn xin mua d i t hoac xin lap Tai tinh Ba Ria, dien tich trdng cao su<br /> ddn (hen chflng td xu the phat trien day nam 1917 v i n nhU nam 1916. Cac dien chu<br /> khdi sac cua nganh canh tac nay. Sau day chi bd hep trong 'viec cham soc ddn gian,<br /> cd the tdm lupc mpt sd'^vf du: ngoai trfl ddn dien cua BOURGUIGNAT &<br /> + Ddn dien cua ngUdi Au: trdng sd' hdn CHARBONNEL cd dUdc md rpng them dien<br /> 30 ddn (hen cua ngUdi Au trong tinh vdi tfch.<br /> tdng dien tich 20.842ha, cd the ke cac ddn Dang luu y la ddn dien COURTENAY -<br /> dien d Xa Trach (1148ha98), Ldc Ninh cung la ddn (hen cao su quan trpng n h i t<br /> (9057.94ha), cac ddn dien cua HALLET d cua tinh Ba Ria - da thie't lap mpt xudng<br /> Xa Cam, An Lpc, Phu Mieng, Quang Loi che bien mu cao su sfl dung may mdc hien<br /> (ngdt 4000ha), ddn (hen cua Cdng ty cao su dai nhat va giam dang ke so' lUpng cu-li.<br /> Hon Quan (Xa Cat) (3164ha68), cua cac Hudng phat trien nay se thu dUdc hieu qua<br /> dien chu Le CUIDEC & Paul SERSOT d kha quan va •viec phd bie'n cac phUdng phap<br /> Hon Quan, cua PACHOD d Lai Khe, cua nay se giai quye't td't nhat v i n de nhan<br /> DELOST d Phu Trung, cua CASANOVA d cdng dang ngay met bflc xflc ddi vdi cac<br /> Tan Khanh, cua GUILLEMET d Chanh dien chu canh tac cay cao su.<br /> Thien...<br /> Viec canh tac cao su d dao Phu Qud'c<br /> + Cac trang trai cua chinh quyen: gdm (tinh Ha Tien) dang phat trien thuiin ldi.<br /> Trai Thi nghiem b Ong Yem (333ha), trai Da trdng dUdc 70.000 gdc va 6.000 gdc da<br /> cao su d dao Cdn Ldn (131ha), lam trai liy cung cip hdn 4 tan mu trong nam 1917.<br /> Bung Cau le thudc Nha tu Ong Yem Cdng ty cao su Tay Ninh vdi sd' vd'n 4<br /> (192ha). trieu ddng (piastre) cd 3 ddn (hen cao su rat<br /> + Ddn dien cua ngUdi ban xfl: gdm 38 dep [chie'm dien tich 1.330ha vdi 400.000<br /> ddn dien vdi tdng (hen tich 831ha. gd'c, trong dd cd nhflng gd'c lau nam (tfl<br /> -