easier english basic dictionary second edition_part4

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email email 109 empty emphasis on his age. She banged the table for emphasis as she spoke. 2. how loud your voice is when you pronounce a word or phrase Everyone noticed the emphasis he put on the word ‘peace’. (NOTE: The plural is emphases.) email / i mel/, e-mail / i mel/ noun 1. a system of sending messages from one computer to another, using telephone lines You can contact me by phone or email if you want. I’ll give you my email address. 2. a message sent by email I had two emails from him this morning. í verb to send a message to someone...

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Basic.fm Page 109 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM email 109 empty email / i mel/, e-mail / i mel/ noun 1. emphasis on his age. She banged the email table for emphasis as she spoke. 2. how a system of sending messages from one loud your voice is when you pronounce computer to another, using telephone a word or phrase Everyone noticed the lines You can contact me by phone or emphasis he put on the word ‘peace’. email if you want. I’ll give you my (NOTE: The plural is emphases.) email address. 2. a message sent by email I had two emails from him this emphasise / emfəsaz/, emphasize emphasise morning. í verb to send a message to verb to show how important you feel someone using email I emailed him something is, by saying it more loudly about the meeting. or slowly Please emphasise that the embarrass /m b rəs/ verb to make embarrass meeting must start on time. He em- phasised the importance of everyone someone feel uncomfortable in front of working together. She kept on empha- other people, e.g. by talking about sising the same point over and over something that they would prefer other again. people not to know about embarrassed /m b rəst/ adjective empire / empaə/ noun several separate embarrassed empire uncomfortable or ashamed, and not countries ruled by a central government knowing what to do She gave an em- We’re studying the history of the Brit- barrassed laugh, and said she had for- ish Empire. The Soviet empire cov- gotten to bring the present. He was so ered a huge area from the Pacific Ocean embarrassed that he turned bright red. to the middle of Europe. embarrassing /m b rəsŋ/ adjective embarrassing employ /m plɔ/ verb 1. to give some- employ making a person feel embarrassed It one regular paid work He is employed was very embarrassing when he told as a gardener by the duke. She is em- everyone about my mistake. ployed in the textile industry. 2. to use embryo / embriəυ/ noun the first state something (formal ) If we were to em- embryo ploy more up-to-date methods, would of a living organism a human embryo we make more money? How can we emerge / m d / verb 1. to come into emerge best employ our free time on Sunday? existence as something It was only af- employee /m plɔi / noun a person employee ter the election that he emerged as party who is employed The company has leader. 2. to become known It soon decided to take on twenty new employ- emerged that the Prime Minister knew ees. nothing about what was happening. emergency / m d ənsi/ noun a dan- employer /m plɔə/ noun a person or emergency employer gerous situation such as a fire or an ac- organisation that gives work to people cident, where decisions have to be taken and pays them Her employer was a quickly Phone for an ambulance – Hong Kong businessman. The car fac- this is an emergency! tory is the biggest employer in the area. emotion / məυʃ(ə)n/ noun a strong emotion employment /m plɔmənt/ noun reg- employment feeling Hatred and love are two of the ular paid work most powerful emotions. He tried to empty / empti/ adjective with nothing empty hide his emotions when he made his inside, or with no people present speech. When we opened it, the box was empty. emotional / məυʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective emotional Take an empty pot and fill it with soil. causing you to feel emotion, or showing The fridge is empty – we’ll have to go emotion Saying goodbye was an emo- out to eat. The ski resorts are empty tional time for us all. The music made because there is no snow. (NOTE: empti- her feel very emotional and she started er – emptiest) í verb to make some- to cry. thing empty She emptied the clothes This is trial version emphasis / emfəss/ noun 1. the act of emphasis out of the suitcase. He emptied the showing the importance of something, bottle into the sink. They emptied the usually in speech Don’t put too much contents of the petty cash box into a bag. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 110 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM enable 110 engineer ryone fighting on the floor. The con- (NOTE: empties – emptying – emp- cert should end at about 10 o’clock. tied) enable /n eb(ə)l/ verb to make it possi- The game ended in a draw. in the end enable finally, at last In the end the teacher ble for someone to do something The let him go home. In the end the shop dictionary should enable you to under- had to call in the police. to make stand English better. (NOTE: enables – ends meet to have just enough money enabling – enabled) to live on I’m having trouble making enclose /n kləυz/ verb 1. to put some- enclose ends meet. thing inside an envelope with a letter end up phrasal verb to finish in a par- I am enclosing a copy of our current ticular situation catalogue. Please find our cheque en- endeavour /n devə/ verb to try very endeavour closed herewith. 2. to put a wall or fence hard to do something (formal ) He en- round an area of land The garden is deavoured to contact her by both phone enclosed by high brick walls. and fax. (NOTE: The US spelling is en- enclosed /n kləυzd/ adjective sur- enclosed deavor.) rounded on all sides an enclosed ending / endŋ/ noun the way a story ending space finishes I like films which have a hap- encounter /n kaυntə/ verb to meet encounter py ending. He told us so much of the someone or something On the journey story that we could guess the ending. we encountered several amusing peo- enemy / enəmi/ noun a person or coun- enemy ple. I have never encountered such try that is not on friendly terms with an- hospitality anywhere else. other, and may try to harm them Did encourage /n k rd / verb 1. to make encourage your husband have many enemies? it easier for something to happen (NOTE: The plural is enemies.) Leaving your credit cards on your desk energetic / enə d etk/ adjective active energetic encourages people to steal or encourag- and lively es stealing. 2. to help someone to do energy / enəd i/ noun 1. the force or energy something by giving them confidence He encouraged me to apply for the job. strength of a person He used up a lot I always felt encouraged by his inter- of energy rushing around doing the est in what I was doing. Christmas shopping. She put all her encyclopedia /nsaklə pi diə/, ency- energies into her art gallery. 2. a power encyclopedia which makes something work the use clopaedia noun 1. a reference book of atomic energy or nuclear energy to containing articles on many subjects of make electricity We try to save energy human knowledge, usually presented in by switching off the lights when the alphabetical order 2. a reference book rooms are empty. containing articles on a single subject, engine / end n/ noun 1. a machine engine arranged usually in alphabetical order a gardening encyclopedia the ency- which powers or drives something clopedia of sport The car may need a new engine, I’m end /end/ noun 1. the last part of some- afraid. Early industrial equipment end was powered by steam engines. 2. a ve- thing She tied the two ends of the rib- hicle which pulls a train The engine bon together. The telephone rang and broke down and the train was stuck in I missed the end of the TV programme. the tunnel. Go down to the end of the road and engineer / end  nə/ noun 1. a person engineer then turn right. to come to an end to be finished The work should come to who looks after and repairs technical an end next month. 2. the final part of a equipment There are not enough tele- period of time Can you wait until the phone engineers in the area. The pho- end of the week? í verb when some- tocopier’s broken down again – we’ll This is trial version thing ends, it reaches the point when it have to call the engineer. 2. a person stops happening The film ends with a whose job is to design mechanical, elec- wedding. The meeting ended with eve- trical or industrial equipment www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 111 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM engineering 111 entertain enjoyable /n d ɔəb(ə)l/ adjective giv- engineering / end  nərŋ/ noun the engineering enjoyable ing pleasure science or study of the design of techni- cal equipment The college offers enjoyment /n d ɔmənt/ noun pleas- enjoyment courses in electrical engineering. ure England / ŋlənd/ noun a country in the England enlarge /n lɑ d / verb to make some- enlarge southern part of the island of Great Brit- thing bigger Could you enlarge this ain, the largest country in the United photograph? Kingdom How long does it take to enormous / nɔ məs/ adjective of an enormous cross from England to France? A lot extremely large size The ballroom is of Scottish people live in England. absolutely enormous. He ate an enor- (NOTE: the word England is often used mous lunch. instead of Britain, and this is a mistake, enormously / nɔ məsli/ adverb very enormously as England is only one part of Great much Britain; note also the capital: London; enough / n f/ adjective as much as is enough people: the English; language: Eng- lish; currency: pound sterling) needed Have you got enough money for your fare or to pay your fare? English / ŋ lʃ/ adjective relating to English There isn’t enough light to take photo- England the beautiful English coun- graphs. í pronoun as much of some- tryside Is the English weather really thing as is needed I had £20 in my as bad as it is made out to be? I think purse to pay the taxi, but it wasn’t she is English, although she speaks with enough. Have you all had enough to an Australian accent. (NOTE: English is eat? í adverb as much as is needed often used instead of British. This is a This box isn’t big enough for all these mistake as England is only one part of books. He doesn’t work fast enough. Great Britain. Do not say the English ensure /n ʃυə/ verb to make sure of ensure Prime Minister, say the British Prime Minister.) í noun the English language something When taking a shower, please ensure that the shower curtain is as a subject of study in school or univer- sity She’s good at maths but not so inside the bath. (NOTE: ensures – en- good at English. As well as teaching suring – ensured) English, he also teaches drama. Mr enter / entə/ verb 1. to go into or to come enter Smith is our English teacher. She into a place He took off his hat as he gives English lessons at home in the entered the church. Did they stamp evenings. There are twenty students in your passport when you entered the my English class. country? 2. to decide to take part in a Englishman / ŋ lʃmən/ noun a man Englishman race or competition She has entered the 2,000 metres. 3. to write information from England (NOTE: The plural is Eng- on a book or a form, or to type informa- lishmen.) tion into a computer system We will Englishwoman / ŋ lʃwυmən/ noun Englishwoman just enter your name and address on the a woman from England (NOTE: The plu- computer. í noun the key on a keyboard ral is Englishwomen.) which you press when you have finished enhance /n hɑ ns/ verb to increase the enhance keying something, or when you want to value or power of something Slot in start a new line To log on to the sys- this new memory board to enhance your tem, type your password and press enter. computer memory. He took drugs to entrance, entry enhance his performance as an athlete. entertain / entə ten/ verb 1. to per- entertain enjoy /n d ɔ/ verb to get pleasure from enjoy form, e.g. by telling stories to people or something Have you enjoyed the hol- making them laugh He entertained us iday so far? When he asked them if with stories of his life in the army. The This is trial version they had enjoyed the film they all an- tourists were entertained by the local swered ‘no’. She doesn’t enjoy sailing dance troupe. 2. to have someone as a because it make her seasick. guest and offer them a meal and drinks, www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 112 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM entertainer 112 equipment envious / enviəs/ adjective feeling or and sometimes a place to sleep envious They’re entertaining some Swedish showing in an unhappy way that you friends this evening. would like to have something that some- entertainer / entə tenə/ noun a person one else has entertainer environment /n varənmənt/ noun who entertains people, especially as a environment job the land, the water, the air and the build- entertainment / entə tenmənt/ noun ings which are around us, and the condi- entertainment tions in which we live The environ- things such as films and shows that peo- ment in the office is not good for con- ple enjoy watching She sang for their centrated work. The pollution entertainment. There’s not much en- produced by the factory is causing long- tertainment in the village – the nearest term damage to the environment. cinema is 25km away. environmental /n varən ment(ə)l/ environmental enthusiasm /n θju zi z(ə)m/ noun enthusiasm adjective relating to the environment great interest and liking We succeed- measures taken to protect against envi- ed, thanks to the enthusiasm and hard ronmental pollution She’s joined an work of a small group of members. environmental group. She showed a lot of enthusiasm for our envy / envi/ noun an unhappy feeling envy new project. that you would like to have something enthusiastic /n θju zi stk/ adjec- enthusiastic which someone else has Her beautiful tive showing great interest and approval long dark hair filled us all with envy. í The editor was very enthusiastic verb to have the unhappy feeling that about my book. There were enthusias- you would like to have something that tic cheers at the end of the performance. someone else has I don’t envy him entire /n taə/ adjective whole entire We with a job like that! (NOTE: envies – en- spent the entire day gardening. The vying – envied) entire cast came on the stage and bowed enzyme / enzam/ noun a protein pro- enzyme to the audience. duced by living cells which makes other entirely /n taəli/ adverb completely entirely substances change, as when digestion I agree with you entirely. This is an takes place entirely separate problem. equal / i kwəl/ adjective having exactly equal entrance / entrəns/ noun a door for go- entrance the same amount as something else ing in She was sitting at the entrance His share is equal to mine. Male and to the museum. Let’s meet at the side female employees must have equal pay. entrance, near the café. The two sticks are of equal length or entrant / entrənt/ noun a person who entrant are equal in length. í verb 1. to be ex- takes part in a race, examination or com- actly the same as His time for the 100 petition There are over a thousand en- metres equals the existing record. 2. to trants for the race. give a particular result Two plus two entry / entri/ noun 1. the act of going equals four. Ten take away four equals entry six. (NOTE: equals – equalling – into a place The sign on the door said equalled. The US spelling is equaling ‘No Entry’. 2. the door or opening – equaled.) í noun a person who is on where you go into a place The entry to the same level as someone else I don’t the cave was blocked by rocks. 3. a piece consider him your equal. We’re all of information in a such as a dictionary, equals here. or in a computer system She looked up equally / i kwəli/ adverb in exactly the equally the entry on ‘roses’ in the gardening en- cyclopaedia. same way They are all equally guilty. envelope / envələυp/ noun a folded pa- Here men and women are paid equal- envelope ly badly. They were both equally re- per cover for sending letters in She This is trial version sponsible for the mistake. wrote the address on the envelope and equipment / kwpmənt/ noun all the equipment sealed it. She wrote down all the in- formation on the back of an envelope. things such as tools, arms and machines www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 113 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM error 113 Europe which are needed for something He 1823. We need to establish a good brought all his camera equipment with working relationship with our col- him. Do you really need all this equip- leagues. 2. to discover or prove some- ment for a short climb? (NOTE: no plu- thing If only the police could establish where the car was parked that evening. ral: for one item say a piece of equip- It’s difficult to establish what her rea- ment.) sons are for resigning. error / erə/ noun something that is error establishment / st blʃmənt/ noun establishment wrong, especially a mistake in writing or speaking There isn’t a single error 1. the act of creating something She in the whole document. The waiter helped them with the establishment of made an error in calculating the bill. the local drama society. (NOTE: no plu- ral in this sense) 2. a business; an or- erupt / r pt/ verb (of a volcano) to erupt ganisation It’s an establishment which throw out fire and other very hot sub- imports radios from China. He runs stances The volcano last erupted in an important teaching establishment. 1968. Establishment, the / st blʃmənt/ Establishment, the escape / skep/ noun the act of getting escape noun the most important people in soci- away from prison or from a difficult sit- ety, especially those who are in authori- uation There were three escapes from ty He spent a lot of his life fighting this jail last year. A weekend by the against the Establishment. sea was a wonderful escape from the of- estate / stet/ noun 1. a large area of estate fice. land belonging to one owner He owns especially / speʃ(ə)li/ adverb 1. used especially a 250-acre estate in Norfolk. 2. a group for showing that something is the case of houses on one piece of land, usually to a great degree This suitcase is espe- all built at the same time cially heavy. 2. used for showing that estimate1 / estmət/ noun a calculation estimate something is more important or true She does get tired, especially on school or guess which shows the amount of day. something you think there is, or its worth or cost I wasn’t in when they essay / ese/ noun a piece of writing on essay came to read the gas meter, so this bill is a specific subject a collection of the only an estimate. Your estimate of two writer’s most famous essays For our dozen visitors proved to be correct. homework, we have to write an essay on she gave me a rough estimate she gave pollution. me an approximate calculation essential / senʃəl/ adjective which is essential estimate2 / estmet/ verb to calculate estimate very important or which you must have or guess how much you think something You can survive without food for some will cost or is worth I estimate that it time, but water is essential. It is essen- will cost £100,000. He estimated tial that we get the delivery on time. í costs at £50,000. noun a thing which is very important or etc. /et setərə/, etcetera adverb and so etc. which you cannot do without Sun cream is an essential in the desert. on, and other things like this Fruit We’ve got all the basic essentials – food, such as oranges, bananas, etc. water and fuel. euro / jυərəυ/ noun the unit of money euro essentially / senʃəli/ adverb used for essentially used by most countries in the European saying what is the most true, or the most Union Many articles are priced in eu- important fact My new job is essen- ros. What’s the exchange rate for the tially not so very different from my old euro? (NOTE: written Ä before num- one. Although he’s essentially a kind bers: Ä250: say: ‘two hundred and fifty man, he does lose his temper sometimes. euros’) This is trial version establish / st blʃ/ verb 1. to create Europe / jυərəp/ proper noun 1. the establish Europe something, to set something up The continent of Europe, the part of the business was established in Scotland in world to the west of Asia, extending www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 114 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM European 114 evil from Russia to Ireland Most of the my brother? Have you ever been to countries of Western Europe are mem- Germany? bers of the EU. 2. the same area, but not evergreen / evə ri n/ noun a tree evergreen including the UK Holidays in Europe which keeps its leaves all winter Holly are less popular than last year. and other evergreens can be used as European / jυərə pi ən/ adjective re- European decorations in winter. every / evri/ adjective 1. each It rained lating to Europe every evaluate / v ljuet/ verb to make a every day during the holidays. We evaluate have a party every New Year’s Day. judgement about something after think- Every Wednesday, he goes for a swim in ing carefully about it The students the local pool. Every house in the were asked to evaluate the usefulness of street has a garden. 2. with a particular the lessons. amount of time or distance in between evaluation / v lju eʃ(ə)n/ noun the evaluation The medicine is to be taken every four act of evaluating something, or the hours. Have your car checked every judgement made in this way (NOTE: no 10,000 kilometres. plural) everybody / evribɒdi/ pronoun same as everybody evaporate / v pəret/ verb (of liquid ) evaporate everyone to turn into steam by being heated Wa- everyone / evriw n/ pronoun all the everyone ter gradually evaporates from the soil. people involved in a particular situation even / i v(ə)n/ adjective 1. flat, level even Everyone has to die some day. If The road has a smooth, even surface. 2. everybody is here, we can start. Eve- not changing They kept up an even ryone must show their passport. (NOTE: pace for miles. The temperature is an everyone and everybody are fol- even 28° all through the day. í adverb lowed by they, their, themselves, used for showing surprise or making an etc., but the verb stays singular: Is eve- expression stronger He doesn’t even ryone enjoying themselves? Not eve- like strawberries. Even the cleverest rybody likes pop music, do they?) businessperson can make mistakes. everyone else all the other people She’s tall, but her sister is even taller. Only Maggie could come – everyone evening / i vnŋ/ noun the late part of evening else was too busy. the day, when it starts to get dark I everything / evriθŋ/ pronoun 1. all everything saw her yesterday evening. The acci- things Did you bring everything you dent took place at 8.30 in the evening. need? The burglars stole everything We arrived in London at breakfast time, of value. Everything he says annoys having left New York the previous me. 2. things in general Everything evening. We always go to a restaurant was dark in the street. Everything is on Sunday evenings. They took an under control. evening flight to Madrid. The evening everywhere / evriweə/ adverb in all everywhere meal is served from 7.30 to 10.30. places There were papers lying about evenly / i v(ə)nli/ adverb in an equal evenly everywhere. We’ve looked everywhere way for the key and can’t find it. event / vent/ noun something important event evidence / evd(ə)ns/ noun a fact which evidence which happens the events leading up proves that something really exists or to the war A baby’s first birthday is has happened The bloodstains on his always a very happy event. coat were clear evidence of the crime. eventually / ventʃuəli/ adverb in the Scientists are looking for evidence of eventually life on Mars. There is no evidence that end After weeks of hesitation he even- he was ever there. tually decided to sell the cottage. evident / evd(ə)nt/ adjective obvious evident This is trial version ever / evə/ adverb at any time (used with ever evil / i v(ə)l/ adjective morally very bad evil negatives and in questions) Nothing ever happens here. Did you ever meet She’s considered to be an evil woman. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 115 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM ex- 115 exchange example / zɑ mpəl/ noun something His evil intentions were evident as example soon as he locked the door. chosen to show something This is a ex- /eks/ prefix used for showing that a good example of French architecture of ex- the eleventh century. to set an exam- person used to have a particular job or ple to do things well or properly your- relationship an ex-soldier Tom’s my self, so that other people can copy you ex-boyfriend. He sets everyone a good example by get- exact / z kt/ adjective completely ac- exact ting into the office before 8.00 every curate, with no more or no less What morning. to make an example of is the exact time of arrival? Could you someone to punish someone so that oth- repeat the exact words she used? The ers will learn not to do what that person salesgirl asked me if I had the exact did Her teacher made an example of sum, since she had no change. her by making her miss the class trip. exactly / z ktli/ adverb not more, not exactly exceed /k si d/ verb to go beyond exceed less That comes to exactly ten dollars something The car was exceeding the and fifty cents. The time is exactly speed limit. Our expenses have ex- 16.24. ceeded our income for the first time. exaggerate / z d əret/ verb to exaggerate Did the UN troops exceed their man- make things seem, e.g. worse, better, date? bigger than they really are The wide excellent / eksələnt/ adjective very excellent black belt exaggerates her small waist. good We had an excellent meal in a She exaggerated the importance of my Chinese restaurant. Her handwriting contribution. is excellent – it is much clearer than exam / z m/ noun same as examina- exam mine. The exam was very difficult – tion except /k sept/ preposition not includ- except half the students failed. She passed all ing She’s allowed to eat anything ex- her exams. cept milk products. Everyone was sick examination / z m neʃ(ə)n/ noun examination on the boat, except (for) me. VAT is 1. an occasion on which someone looks levied on all goods except books, news- at something to see if it works properly, papers, food and children’s clothes. í or to see if something is wrong He conjunction other than; apart from He had to have an X-ray examination. doesn’t do anything except sit and The examination of the car showed that watch football on the TV. Everything its brakes were faulty. 2. a written or went well, except that James was sick. spoken test The examination was very Everyone enjoyed the birthday party, difficult – half the students failed. He except (that) there wasn’t enough to eat. did badly in his English examination. (NOTE: [all senses] Do not confuse with She came first in the final examination accept.) for the course. (NOTE: often shortened exception /k sepʃən/ noun something exception to exam in this sense) that is not included All the students examine / z mn/ verb 1. to look examine failed, with one exception. Are there carefully at something to see what is in any exceptions to the rule? it, or what it is like The doctor exam- exceptionally /k sepʃən(ə)li/ adverb exceptionally ined her throat. We will have to exam- to a very great degree, often so great as ine the shop’s scales to see if they show to be surprising the correct weight. The customs offi- cials wanted to examine the inside of the exchange /ks tʃend / verb to give exchange car. The water samples were exam- one thing and to get another thing back ined in the laboratory. 2. to test a stu- The footballers from the two teams ex- dent They examined everyone in changed shirts at the end of the match. mathematics and computer skills. This is trial version í noun the act of giving one thing for examiner / z mnə/ noun a person examiner another the exchange of rings during who conducts an exam the wedding ceremony www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 116 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM excited 116 expectation excited /k satd/ adjective lively and cise every day if you want to lose excited weight. happy because you think something exercise book / eksəsaz bυk/ noun a good is going to happen She’s excited exercise book at or by the thought of going on holiday. notebook with lines on each page for The children are excited because it’s writing school work in the Christmas holidays. What’s every- exhausted / zɔ std/ adjective very exhausted one so excited about? It was lovely to tired I’m exhausted after running see the children’s happy and excited three miles. They staggered back faces. home very late, with three exhausted excitement /k satmənt/ noun the excitement children. feeling of being excited What’s all the exhibition / eks bʃ(ə)n/ noun a public exhibition excitement about? The children are show of things such as paintings or always in a state of excitement before flowers The exhibition is open from the holidays. 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. We stood in line for exciting /k satŋ/ adjective 1. making exciting half an hour waiting to get into the Pi- you feel excited The news about the casso exhibition. house is really exciting. 2. (of, e.g. a exist / zst/ verb to be real or present exist film or an experience) full of activity, When I was a child, colour TV didn’t ex- sometimes making you a little scared ist. I don’t believe the document exists because you do not know what is going – I think it has been burnt. to happen I couldn’t sleep after existence / zstəns/ noun the state of existence watching an exciting film on TV. being a real thing; life Is there any- exclaim /k sklem/ verb to say some- exclaim thing which proves the existence of life thing loudly and suddenly on Mars? They lived a miserable ex- exclude /k sklu d/ verb not to include exclude istence in a little coal mining town. existing / zstŋ/ adjective in opera- someone or something Damage by existing fire is excluded from the insurance poli- tion at this moment Can we modify cy. Don’t exclude his name from your the existing structure in some way? list. Existing regulations do not allow the excuse1 /k skju s/ noun a reason given sale of food in the street. excuse exit / e zt/ noun a way out of a building for doing something wrong, or for not exit doing what was expected His excuse The customers all rushed towards the for not coming was that he forgot the exits when the fire alarm rang. date. expand /k sp nd/ verb to increase the expand excuse2 /k skju z/ verb to forgive excuse size or extent of something We have someone for making a small mistake plans to expand our business. Please excuse my arriving late like this. expect /k spekt/ verb 1. to think or to expect execute / ekskju t/ verb 1. to kill execute hope that something is going to happen someone as a punishment The gov- We expect him to arrive at any mo- ernment’s political enemies were exe- ment or he is expected at any moment. 2. cuted. 2. to do something that has been to think or guess that something is the planned or agreed (formal ) As part of case I expect you are tired after your the test, drivers are asked to execute an long train journey. 3. to think that it is emergency stop. 3. in computing, to car- right that someone should do something ry out instructions Press ENTER to He expects me to do all the house- execute the program. work. 4. to be waiting for someone I can’t talk for long – we’re expecting vis- exercise / eksəsaz/ noun practice in exercise itors. using physical or mental powers She expectation / ekspek teʃ(ə)n/ noun expectation does her piano exercises every morning. This is trial version to take exercise to do physical move- hope; a feeling that something will hap- ments, like walking or running, in order pen She lived up to all our expecta- to keep fit You should take some exer- tions. We thought our team would do www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 117 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM expected 117 export well, but in the end they exceeded all our asthma. The laboratory does not ex- expectations. periment on live animals. expected /k spektd/ adjective 1. expert / eksp t/ adjective 1. knowing a expected expert which you think or hope will happen 2. lot about a subject They can give you due to arrive Our guests are expected expert advice on DIY. 2. expert at do- at 10 o’clock. ing something very good at doing something I’m not very expert at mak- expedition / eksp dʃ(ə)n/ noun a expedition ing pastry. í noun 1. a person who journey to explore a place He set off knows a great deal about a subject a on an expedition to the South Pole. leading expert in tropical medicine or expense /k spens/ noun an amount of expense on tropical diseases A rose expert was money that you have to pay I can’t af- the judge at the flower show. 2. a person ford the expense of a holiday just now. who is very good at doing something The expense of running a household an expert plumber He’s an expert at seems to increase every week. getting the children to go to bed. expensive /k spensv/ adjective cost- expensive explain /k splen/ verb 1. to give rea- explain ing a lot of money Fresh vegetables sons for something Can you explain are more expensive in winter. Send why the weather is cold in winter and your furniture to Australia by sea – it warm in summer? 2. to make something would be much too expensive by air. clear He tried to explain the new pen- experience /k spəriəns/ noun 1. experience sion scheme to the staff. She explained knowledge obtained by working or liv- what had happened, but the manager ing in various situations I have no ex- still thought she had tried to steal the perience of travelling in the desert. watch. You must write down the full details of explanation / eksplə neʃ(ə)n/ noun a explanation your past experience in your CV. reason for something The police offic- Some experience of selling is required er asked him for an explanation of why for this job. (NOTE: no plural in this the stolen car was in his garage. The sense) 2. something that happens to company has given no explanation for you Going to the top of the Eiffel Tow- the change of plan. er was a wonderful experience. He explode /k spləυd/ verb (of bombs, explode wrote a book about his experiences in etc.) to blow up A bomb exploded in a the desert. í verb to live through some- crowded train. thing I’m surprised she’s so cheerful explore /k splɔ / verb to travel and dis- explore after all she experienced in hospital. I have experienced a great deal of pleas- cover place and things that you have not ure and frustration in my career. He is seen before It is a part of the jungle experiencing sharp pains in his tooth. which has never been explored before. We spent our holidays exploring Hol- experienced /k spəriənst/ adjective experienced land by canal. good at something because you have explosion /k spləυ (ə)n/ noun an oc- explosion learnt a lot from particular experiences you have had She’s a very experi- casion on which something such as a enced doctor. He’s the most experi- bomb explodes Several explosions enced member of our staff. The police were heard during the night as the army are experienced in crowd control. occupied the city. experiment1 /k spermənt/ noun a explosive /k spləυsv/ noun a sub- experiment explosive scientific test; a way of finding out stance used for destroying things by about something to carry out scientif- making them explode Tests revealed ic experiments We’re offering our cus- traces of explosive on his hands. The tomers free samples as an experiment. box contained explosives. Police ex- plosives experts defused the bomb. This is trial version experiment2 /k sperment/ verb to experiment export1 / ekspɔ t/ noun the business of export carry out a scientific test They are ex- perimenting with a new treatment for selling products in other countries www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 118 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM export 118 eye external /k st n(ə)l/ adjective on the They make cars for export. There is a external big export trade in wine. í a product outside The external walls of the sent to a foreign country to be sold house are quite solid. Her injuries The country’s major export is tea. Ex- were all external. ports to Africa have increased by 25%. extinct /k stŋkt/ adjective 1. (of a type extinct export2 /k spɔ t/ verb to send goods to export of animal or plant) no longer in exist- ence, because all of the same kind have a foreign country for sale The compa- died These birds are in danger of be- ny exports half of what it produces. coming extinct. 2. ((of a volcano)) no express /k spres/ verb to show express longer active The mountain is an ex- thoughts or feelings in words, pictures tinct volcano. or actions He expressed his gratitude extra / ekstrə/ adjective more than usu- extra in a short speech. His paintings ex- al; additional We need an extra four press his inner thoughts. His grief was teachers or four extra teachers for this expressed in fierce anger and constant course. The charge for delivery is ex- activity. í noun a fast train We took tra. Staff get extra pay for working on the express from London to Glasgow. Sundays. expression /k spreʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a expression /k strɔ d(ə)nərəli/ extraordinarily extraordinarily word, or group of words ‘Until the adverb extremely Her action was ex- cows come home’ is an expression traordinarily brave. which means ‘for a very long time’. 2. a extraordinary /k strɔ d(ə)n(ə)ri/ ad- extraordinary look on a person’s face which shows a jective 1. wonderful Seeing her again feeling His expression showed how gave him an extraordinary thrill. A miserable he was. Everyone noticed peacock’s feathers are quite extraordi- the expression of surprise on her face. 3. nary. 2. very unusual It’s extraordi- the act of expressing thoughts and feel- nary weather for June. ings extreme /k stri m/ adjective 1. very extreme extend /k stend/ verb 1. to stretch extend great The device is made to withstand something out She extended both extreme cold. He showed extreme re- arms in welcome. 2. to cover a particular luctance to get involved. 2. considered are area of land The grounds of the unreasonable by some people He house extend over two hectares. 3. to holds extreme views. make something longer or bigger We extremely /k stri mli/ adverb to a very extremely are planning to extend our garden. great degree It was extremely hot in The company has extended my contract August. The film is extremely long, for another two years. and some people left before the end. It extension /k stenʃən/ noun 1. the act extension is extremely difficult to spend less than of extending something My visa has $50.00 a day on meals in New York. expired, so I have applied for an exten- eye /a/ noun 1. the organ in the head eye sion. 2. a telephone in an office which is which you see with He has brown connected to the company’s main line eyes. Close your eyes and count to ten Can you get me extension 21? The while we all hide. I’ve got a bit of dust manager is on extension 23. in my eye. 2. a small hole in the end of a extensive /k stensv/ adjective cover- extensive needle, through which the thread goes ing a large area or amount The to catch someone’s eye to look at grounds of the house are very extensive. someone who is looking at you She The church roof needs extensive re- caught his eye and nodded towards the pair work. door. to keep an eye on someone extent /k stent/ noun the degree, size or extent or something to watch someone or area of something The extent of the something carefully to see that it is safe This is trial version earthquake damage was only revealed Can you keep an eye on the house later. He opened up the map to its full while we are away? to keep an eye extent. out for someone or something to www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 119 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM eyebrow 119 eyesight eyelash / al ʃ/ noun one of the hairs watch to see if someone or something is eyelash available or nearby I must keep an eye growing round the edges of your eyes out for Seville oranges to make some (NOTE: The plural is eyelashes.) marmalade. Can you keep an eye out eyelid / ald/ noun a piece of skin which eyelid for the traffic warden while I go into the covers the eye bank? eyesight / asat/ noun the ability to see eyesight eyebrow / abraυ/ noun the line of hair eyebrow above each of your eyes This is trial version www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 120 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM F f /ef/, F noun the sixth letter of the alpha- it is surprising Have you seen John re- f cently? – as a matter of fact I met him bet, between E and G yesterday. fabric / f brk/ noun cloth used for fabric factor / f ktə/ noun 1. a thing which has factor making things such as clothes and cur- influence or importance The key fac- tains The curtains are made of an ex- tor is the price. The crucial factor for pensive fabric. the success of the village fair is the fabrication / f br keʃ(ə)n/ noun an fabrication weather. 2. one of the numbers which invented story that is not true The produce a certain other number when newspaper story was a complete fabri- multiplied Four and two are factors of cation from start to finish. eight. face /fes/ noun 1. the front part of your face factory / f kt(ə)ri/ noun a building factory head Don’t forget to wash your face where things are made in large quanti- before you go to the party. 2. the front ties using machines She works in a part of something a clock face She shoe factory. He owns a furniture fac- put the photograph face down on the tory. The factory makes computer ter- desk. í verb to have the face or front to- minals. (NOTE: The plural is factories.) wards Can everyone please face the fade /fed/ verb 1. to lose colour The fade camera? The house faces north. to show your face to come to or be in a more you wash your jeans, the more place where there are other people Af- they’ll fade. This teeshirt has faded in ter what he said about my mother he the sun. 2. to become less bright or light doesn’t dare show his face here. As the light faded, bats came out in the garden. The light from the torch face up to phrasal verb to accept an began to fade as the batteries ran out. unpleasant situation and try to deal with The islands faded away into the dis- it tance. 3. to become less noisy The facility /fə slti/ noun 1. an ability to do facility sound of the music faded away. something easily She has a facility for fail /fel/ verb 1. not to succeed The ex- fail languages. (NOTE: no plural) 2. a means amination was very difficult – half the of doing something We offer facilities students failed. He passed in maths, for payment. 3. a large building that en- but failed his English exam. She failed ables people to do or have something in her attempt to become an MP. 2. not We have opened our new warehouse fa- to do something The car failed to stop cility. (NOTE: The plural is facilities.) at the red light. She failed to notify the fact /f kt/ noun 1. something such as a fact tax office of her change of address. 3. piece of information that is true He not to work properly The brakes faced up to the fact that he wasn’t fit failed and he couldn’t stop the car. if enough for the race. Did you check all all else fails if you can’t do anything the facts before you wrote the article? 2. else If all else fails you can always in fact, in actual fact really; the truth borrow my car. is that He told the police he had seen failure / feljə/ noun 1. a situation in failure a man steal a car but in fact he made the whole story up. It rained a lot last which something stops working The This is trial version month – in fact it rained all month. as accident was caused by brake failure. a matter of fact actually; used for say- The failure of the plane’s engine caused ing what is really true, especially when the crash. 2. an occasion on a person or www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 121 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM faint 121 falsehood event is not successful His attempts to faithful old dog We must be faithful to balance on one leg were a complete fail- father’s last wishes. ure. 3. a person who does not succeed at fake /fek/ noun something which is fake things I’m no good at anything – I’m made or designed to look like some- a failure. thing else that is, e.g. more valuable faint /fent/ adjective difficult to see or faint That picture isn’t by Picasso, it’s a fake. hear We could just see the faint outline í adjective not real She was wearing of a man in the fog. They could hear a a fake fur coat. faint tapping under the wreckage. í fall /fɔ l/ verb to drop to a lower level fall verb to become unconscious for a short Snow fell all night The pound has fall- time She fainted when she saw the en against the dollar. She fell down blood. the stairs. He fell off the ladder. Did fair /feə/ adjective 1. (of hair or skin) fair he fall into the river or did someone light-coloured Her hair is quite fair. push him? (NOTE: falls – falling – fell Those with fair skin should use a strong- /fel/ – has fallen) í noun 1. the proc- er sun cream. 2. right, giving someone ess of going to a lower level a wel- what they deserve That’s not fair – come fall in the price of oil the fall in you must let other children play with the the exchange rate 2. the act of losing ball too. It isn’t fair if you go on holi- your balance He had a fall and hurt day when we have so much work to do. his back. She had a bad fall while ski- í noun 1. a group of machines for rid- ing. ing on and stalls where you can win fall back on phrasal verb to do or use things, set up in one place for a short something only after all other things time The fair is coming to the village have failed for the Easter Bank Holiday. 2. an exhi- fall behind phrasal verb to be late in bition for selling and advertising goods doing something We are going to the car fair tomorrow. (NOTE: Do not confuse with fare.) fall down phrasal verb 1. to drop to the ground She fell down and hurt her fairly / feəli/ adverb 1. in a way that is fairly knee. 2. (of a building) to become bro- right; giving people what they deserve ken down through age The place has She complained that she had not been been deserted for so long it’s falling treated fairly in the interview. 2. to some down. degree I’m fairly certain I have seen this film before. She had been working fall off phrasal verb to become fewer there a fairly short time. The hotel is The number of customers starts to fall fairly close to the centre of town. (NOTE: off after 4 o’clock. The order of words for fairly and quite fall out phrasal verb 1. to drop to the is different: He’s a fairly good worker ground after having been in something but He’s quite a good worker.) We put cushions on the floor next to fairness / feənəs/ noun a tendency or fairness the bed in case she fell out. 2. to have an ability to do things in a fair way Eve- argument They fell out over the bill ryone acknowledged her fairness in for drinks. dealing with staff complaints. fall over phrasal verb to fall down after fairy / feəri/ noun a small imaginary fairy having been upright creature who can perform magic (NOTE: fall through phrasal verb not to take The plural is fairies.) place as planned false /fɔ ls/ adjective not real; designed false faith /feθ/ noun 1. belief or trust faith I to look like something real a set of don’t have much faith in these new false nails teaching methods. 2. a religious belief We must respect people of other faiths. This is trial version falsehood / fɔ lshυd/ noun a lie (liter- falsehood faithful / feθf(ə)l/ adjective (of a per- faithful ary) It appears that he had told sever- son or an animal ) trusting or loyal his al falsehoods under oath. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 122 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM familiar 122 fashion familiar /fə mliə/ adjective heard or here. How far away is Paris from Lon- familiar don? The road was blocked by cars as seen before; that you know The dog far as we could see. 2. used with com- wagged its tail as it heard its master’s paratives to mean ‘much’ It is far familiar voice at the door. He looked cheaper to go by bus than by train. round the room, and saw a couple of fa- Restaurant food is far nicer than the miliar faces. food at college. í adjective a long way family / f m(ə)li/ noun 1. a group of family away; distant The shop is at the far people who are related to each other, es- end of the High Street. (NOTE: far – far- pecially mother, father and children ther / fɑ ðə/ or further / f ðə/ - far- The Jones family are going on holiday thest / fɑ ðəst/ or furthest / f ðəst/) to Spain. He grew up in a big family. fare /feə/ noun a price which you have to fare 2. a group of animals or plants which pay for a journey Rail fares have been are closely related Lions and tigers increased by 10%. The tourist-class are members of the cat family. (NOTE: fare is much less than the first class one. The plural is families. When family is If you walk to work, you will save £5 used to mean a group of people it can a week on bus fares. (NOTE: Do not con- take a singular or plural verb: The fam- fuse with fair.) ily were out.) farewell /feə wel/ interjection, noun farewell famine / f mn/ noun a very serious famine goodbye It’s time to say farewell. í lack of food adjective (of an event) at which you say famous / feməs/ adjective known to famous goodbye We gave a farewell party for many people, especially most people in our neighbours who were going to live a place or country a famous depart- in Canada. ment store He’s a famous footballer. far from / fɑ frɒm/ adverb not at all far from This tea shop is famous for its cakes. The food here is far from cheap. fan /f n/ noun 1. a piece of equipment fan farm /fɑ m/ noun an area of land used for farm for moving air to make people or things growing crops and raising animals He cooler We put electric fans in the of- runs a pig farm. We’re going to work fice to try to keep cool. 2. an enthusiastic on a farm during the holidays. You supporter of something or someone, e.g. can buy eggs and vegetables at the farm a team or a pop group There was a shop. í verb to grow crops or raise ani- crowd of fans waiting for him outside mals on a farm He farms dairy cattle the theatre. in Devon. fancy / f nsi/ verb 1. to want to have fancy farmer / fɑ mə/ noun a person who man- farmer something (informal ) I fancy an ice ages or owns a farm cream – anyone else want one? Do farming / fɑ mŋ/ noun the work of farming you fancy sharing a taxi to the airport? 2. to like someone in a sexual way I’m managing a farm, e.g. growing crops or sure that guy fancies you. (NOTE: fan- keeping animals for sale cies – fancying – fancied) í adjec- fascinate / f snet/ verb to make fascinate tive attractive or decorated He wore a someone very interested fancy tie to the party. fascinating / f snetŋ/ adjective fascinating fantastic /f n t stk/ wonderful We fantastic very interesting A microscope gives had a fantastic time on holiday. í ad- you a fascinating glimpse of life in a jective strange; like a dream His sto- drop of water. The book gives a fasci- ries are full of fantastic creatures. nating description of London in the fantasy / f ntəsi/ noun an invented sto- fantasy 1930s. It was fascinating to hear her ry Her story of meeting a rich man in talk about her travels in India. Paris was pure fantasy. (NOTE: The plu- fashion / f ʃ(ə)n/ noun the most popu- fashion This is trial version ral is fantasies.) lar style at a particular time It was the far /fɑ / adverb 1. a certain distance away far fashion then to wear your hair very The railway station is not far from short. She always follows fashion. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 123 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fashionable 123 fax fashionable / f ʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adjective your fault – if you hadn’t stayed in bed fashionable all morning we would be at the seaside 1. of a style which is popular at a partic- by now. 2. an instance of something not ular time These loose trousers are re- working properly The invoice was ally fashionable at the moment. 2. pop- wrong because of a computer fault. ular with rich or glamorous people The engineers are trying to mend an She lives in the fashionable West End of electrical fault. 3. a mistake in serving London. It’s a fashionable restaurant in tennis He served two double faults. for film stars and journalists. at fault having made a mistake The fast /fɑ st/ adjective 1. quick I just love fast shop is at fault if they sent you the wrong driving fast cars. She was driving in table. the fast lane of the motorway. 2. not faulty / fɔ lti/ adjective 1. not working faulty stopping anywhere This is the fast train to London. 3. (of a clock) to show correctly or not made correctly The a time which is later than the correct lights are flickering – there must be a time Your watch is fast. í adverb 1. faulty connection somewhere. 2. with quickly Walk faster if you want to mistakes in planning or judgment a catch up with the children in front. faulty argument Don’t go so fast – you almost hit that favor / fevə/ noun, verb US spelling of favor man on the zebra crossing. 2. tightly favour fixed in a particular position The win- favorable / fev(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective US favorable dow was stuck fast and I couldn’t open spelling of favourable it. í verb to eat nothing for religious or health reasons Many people fast dur- favorite / fev(ə)rət/ noun, verb US favorite ing Lent. He fasted for a week. spelling of favourite fasten / fɑ s(ə)n/ verb to close or attach fasten favour / fevə/ noun 1. a friendly act favour something tightly Please fasten your done to help someone Can I ask a fa- seatbelts. These shoes fasten with a vour – will you look after my bike while buckle. I’m in the post office? 2. approval or fastener / fɑ s(ə)nə/ noun an object fastener popularity She tried to win the favour which fastens something such as a piece of the committee. í verb 1. to like or of clothing prefer something The managers fa- fat /f t/ adjective having too much flesh vour moving to a bigger office. 2. to fat make things easier for someone The or weighing too much Two fat men got conditions favour Australian bowlers. out of the little white car. You’ll have to eat less – you’re getting too fat. favourable / fev(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective favourable He’s fatter than me. í noun a part of good meat which is yellowish-white If you favourite / fev(ə)rət/ adjective which favourite don’t like the fat, cut it off. you like best Which is your favourite fatal / fet(ə)l/ adjective which causes fatal TV programme? í noun 1. something death There were three fatal accidents or someone you like best Which ice on this road last year. cream is your favourite? This game is father / fɑ ðə/ noun a man who has a son father a favourite with the children. The or daughter Ask your father if he will singer was a favourite in the fifties. 2. lend you his car. She is coming to tea someone who is treated better than other with her mother and father. people by a particular person She was faucet / fɔ st/ noun US an object always her father’s favourite. faucet which, when you twist it, lets liquid or fax /f ks/ noun a copy of a document or fax gas come out picture sent to someone using telephone fault /fɔ lt/ noun 1. the fact of making a fault lines Post it to me, or send a fax. This is trial version Can you confirm the booking by fax? í mistake or of being to blame for some- thing going wrong It isn’t my fault if verb to send a document or picture by there’s nothing in the fridge. It’s all telephone I will fax the design to you www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 124 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fear 124 feeling or I will fax you the design as soon as it Washington. Federal law is more im- is ready. portant than state law. 2. relating to a system where a group of states exist un- fear /fə/ noun the feeling of being afraid fear der a central government the former Fear of the dark is common in small Federal Republic of Germany children. She has no fear of heights. í fed up / fed p/ adjective feeling bored fed up verb to be afraid of something (formal ) What do you fear most? and unhappy (informal ) feast /fi st/ noun 1. a very large meal for fee /fi / noun money paid to someone feast fee a group of people, especially one eaten such as a doctor or lawyer for work done to celebrate a special occasion 2. a spe- Private school fees are very high. cial religious day Today is the Feast of The lawyer’s fee for two days’ work was St Nicholas. more than I earn in a month! feat /fi t/ noun an particularly difficult feeble / fi b(ə)l/ adjective 1. physically feat feeble act weak, especially because of illness or age He gave a feeble wave with his feather / feðə/ noun one of many light feather hand. The voice on the phone sounded soft parts which cover a bird’s body feeble. (NOTE: feebler – feeblest) 2. feature / fi tʃə/ noun 1. a part of the face feature not strong or able to be seen or heard such as the nose or mouth His unusual well She replied in a feeble voice. features make him easy to recognize. 2. feed /fi d/ verb 1. to give food to a person feed an important part or aspect of something or an animal I’d better just feed the The main feature of the castle is its baby before we go out. Could you feed huge tower. 3. an important story or ar- the cat while we’re away? 2. (of a baby ticle in a TV news programme or in a or young animal ) to take milk from its newspaper a feature on nuclear pow- mother Please don’t disturb the baby er Did you see the feature on St Pe- while she’s feeding. (NOTE: feeds – tersburg? í verb 1. to have someone as feeding – fed /fed/ – has fed) the main performer of a film, a TV pro- feedback / fi db k/ noun information feedback gramme or a play The film featured Charlie Chaplin as the tramp. The or comments about something which circus features Russian clowns. 2. to has been done have something as the most important feel /fi l/ verb 1. to touch something, usu- feel part The tour features a visit to the ally with your fingers Feel how soft Valley of the Kings. The next pro- the bed is. 2. to seem soft, cold, etc., gramme will feature a discussion be- when touched The bed feels hard. tween environmental experts. 3. to ap- The stone floor felt cold. 3. to experi- pear as the main actor in, or as the sub- ence something with your body or mind ject of a film or a TV programme She Did you feel the table move? I felt has featured in many TV series. the lift go down suddenly. Do you feel February / februəri/ noun the second February warmer now that you’ve had a cup of month of the year, between January and tea? They felt happy when they saw March My birthday is in February. that all was well. By twelve o’clock He died on February 17th. We are she was feeling hungry. (NOTE: feels – feeling – felt /felt/ – has felt) moving to new offices next February. (NOTE: February 17th: say ‘the seven- feel for phrasal verb to be sympathetic teenth of February’ or ‘February the towards someone seventeenth’, or in US English ‘Febru- feel up to phrasal verb to be strong or ary seventeenth’.) well enough to do something fed /fed/ past tense and past participle of fed feeling / fi lŋ/ noun something which feeling feed you think you know I had a feeling This is trial version federal / fed(ə)rəl/ adjective 1. relating federal that this strange man knew who I was. í to the central government of the United feelings someone’s emotions I didn’t States Most federal offices are in want to hurt her feelings. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 125 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM feet 125 fiftieth few /fju / adjective, noun not many feet /fi t/ plural of foot feet few She has very few friends at work. We fell /fel/ past tense of fall fell go to fewer concerts than last year. fellow / feləυ/ noun 1. a man fellow A young fib /fb/ noun a lie about something unim- fib fellow came up to me and asked me the portant (informal ) That was a little fib, time. Who’s that fellow with a beard? wasn’t it? 2. a person who belongs to the same fibre / fabə/ noun 1. a small thread of fibre group I was OK on the boat, but sev- material From the fibres left at the eral of my fellow passengers were sick. scene of the murder, the police could felt /felt/ noun a thick material made of felt work out what the murderer had been wool fibres pressed together wearing. 2. thin threads in foods such as female / fi mel/ adjective 1. relating to female vegetables and bread, which cannot be women or girls a female athlete 2. re- digested, but which helps food to pass lating to the sex of an animal, insect or through your body You need to eat bird which gives birth to young or pro- more fibre. duces eggs a female kitten 3. relating fiction / fkʃən/ noun novels fiction fiction to a flower which produces seeds writers such as Graham Greene To feminine / femnn/ adjective like a feminine find the latest novels you must look in woman or suitable for a woman Her the fiction section of the library. (NOTE: long white silk dress was very feminine. no plural) field /fi ld/ noun 1. a piece of ground on fence /fens/ noun a type of wall made of field fence a farm, used for keeping animals or wood or wire, used to keep people or an- growing crops a field of potatoes imals in or out of a place The fence The sheep are in the field. 2. a piece of was blown down. The boys looked ground for playing a game a football through the hole in the fence. The field The two teams ran onto the field. builders put up a fence round the con- struction site. fierce /fəs/ adjective very angry and fierce ferocious /fə rəυʃəs/ adjective wild ferocious likely to attack Watch out – that dog looks fierce. and angry a ferocious dog fiercely / fəsli/ adverb strongly She is fiercely ferry / feri/ noun a boat which carries ferry fiercely independent. cars and trucks or people across a fifteen /ff ti n/ noun the number 15 stretch of water We are going to take fifteen the night ferry to Belgium. There’s a There are fifteen players in a rugby ferry across the Rhine here. team. She’s fifteen (years old). festival / festv(ə)l/ noun 1. a religious Come and see me in fifteen minutes. festival The train leaves at nine fifteen (9.15). celebration which is celebrated at the fifteenth /ff ti nθ/ adjective relating to fifteenth same time each year and is usually a public holiday The tour will visit number 15 in a series the fifteenth of Hong Kong for the Lantern Festival. 2. July or July the fifteenth (July 15th). an event, often lasting several days, That’s the fifteenth phone call I’ve made where entertainment is provided We this morning. It will be her fifteenth saw some excellent plays at the Edin- birthday next week. í noun number 15 burgh Festival this year. in a series Our house is the fifth on the right. fetch /fetʃ/ verb to go to a place and fetch fifth /ffθ/ adjective relating to number 5 fifth bring someone or something back It’s your turn to fetch the children from in a series The fifth of May or May the school. Can you fetch me the atlas? fifth (May 5th). It’s his fifth birthday tomorrow. í noun one part of five equal fever / fi və/ noun a state in which the fever parts This is trial version body’s temperature is higher than nor- fiftieth / fftiəθ/ adjective relating to fiftieth mal You must stay in bed until the fe- number 50 in a series í noun the ver goes down. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 126 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fifty 126 finance number fifty in a series He’s fiftieth on water. She was filling the boxes with presents. The bucket filled slowly. the waiting list. fifty / ffti/ noun the number 50 fill out phrasal verb to write in all the fifty My empty spaces on a form Could you mother made fifty pots of jam. He’s please fill out this form? fifty (years old). fill up phrasal verb to make something fight /fat/ noun 1. an occasion on which fight completely full; to become completely people try to hurt each other or knock full He filled the bottle up with fresh each other down He got into a fight water. with boys who were bigger than him. film /flm/ noun 1. moving pictures film Fights broke out between the demon- shown at a cinema or on TV Have you strators and the police. 2. a situation in seen this old Laurel and Hardy film? which people do everything they can to We’ve seen the film already on TV. 2. a stop something from happening a roll of material which you put into a fight against the new developments í camera to take photographs or to record verb 1. to be involved in a situation in moving pictures I must buy another which people try to hurt each other or film before the wedding. Do you want knock each other down Rival gangs a colour film or a black and white one? fought in the street. 2. to do everything 3. a thin layer of something A film of you can try to stop something from hap- grease had formed on the walls around pening We are committed to fighting the oven. í verb to take pictures of crime. Doctors are fighting to control something or someone with a camera the disease. (NOTE: fights – fighting – Security cameras filmed him robbing fought /fɔ t/ – has fought) the bank. ‘Star Wars’ was filmed in figure / f ə/ noun 1. a written number, figure 1977. e.g. 35 I can’t read the figure on the filthy / flθi/ adjective very dirty Your filthy order – is it 250? He added up the fig- hands are absolutely filthy! (NOTE: filth- ures on the bill. Cheques have to be ier – filthiest) made out in both words and figures. fin /fn/ noun a thin part on the body of a fin double, single 2. the shape of a person fish which sticks out and helps it to the figures at the front of the painting swim From the beach they could see a We could see some figures through the shark’s fin in the sea. mist. í verb especially US to consider final / fan(ə)l/ adjective last; coming at final or think something I figure the costs the end This is your final warning – if will be high. We figured that you’d be your work doesn’t improve you will late because of the show. Had you fig- have to go. The competition is in its fi- ured on being there before two o’clock? nal stages. í noun the last competition figure out phrasal verb to try to think in a series between several teams or of an answer to a problem Try to fig- competitors I thought they would win ure out the answer yourself, instead of a couple of rounds, but I never imagined asking someone else. they would get to the final. file /fal/ noun 1. a metal tool used for file finally / fan(ə)li/ adverb at last; in the finally making rough surfaces smooth Use a end The police finally cleared up the file to round off the edges of the metal. 2. mystery. The little boy finally turned a container similar to an envelope, used up in Edinburgh. for keeping documents in When you finance / fan ns/ noun money, espe- finance have finished with the papers, put them cially money which belongs to the pub- back in the file. The police have a file lic or to a company How are you go- on him. 3. a set of information held in a ing to raise the finance for the project? computer Type the name of the file My finances are in a poor state at the and then press ‘enter’. This is trial version moment. í verb to provide money for fill /fl/ verb to make something full; to fill something How are you going to fi- become full He filled the bottle with nance your course at university if you www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 127 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM financial 127 first finish / fnʃ/ verb 1. to do something don’t have a grant? The redevelop- finish ment of the city centre is being financed completely Haven’t you finished your locally. homework yet? Tell me when you’ve financial /fa n nʃəl/ adjective relating finished reading the paper. You can’t financial go out until you’ve finished doing the to money What is our financial posi- washing up. 2. to come to an end The tion? The company has got into finan- game will finish at about four o’clock. cial difficulties. find /fand/ verb 1. to see where some- finish up phrasal verb 1. to be some- find where in the end We got lost and fin- thing hidden or lost is after looking for ished up miles from our hotel. 2. to eat it I found a £2 coin behind the sofa. something completely You must finish Did she find the book she was looking up all your vegetables. for? 2. to discover something which was fir /f / noun fir tree a tree with needle- fir not known before No one has found a cure for the common cold yet. (NOTE: shaped leaves Fir trees are often used finds – finding – found /faυnd/) as Christmas trees. fire /faə/ noun 1. something which is fire find out phrasal verb to discover infor- burning and gives off heat They burnt mation I found out something very in- the dead leaves on a fire in the garden. teresting last night. Where can I find 2. something which heats We have an out about my family’s history? fine /fan/ adjective 1. (of the weather ) electric fire in the living room. 3. an fine emergency in which something such as dry and sunny We’ll go for a walk to- a building burns They lost all their be- morrow if the weather stays fine. Let’s longings in the fire. 4. shooting with hope it’s fine for the village fair next guns The soldiers came under fire. í week. 2. well; healthy I was ill in bed verb 1. to shoot a gun The gunmen yesterday, but today I’m feeling fine. 3. fired at the police car. We could hear with no problems How are things at guns firing in the distance. 2. to tell home? – Fine! 4. acceptable It’s fine someone that they must leave their job to wear casual clothes for this meeting. because of something wrong they have 5. very thin or very small Use a sharp done She was fired for being late. pencil if you want to draw fine lines. I fireplace / faəples/ noun a hole in the can’t read the notice – the print is too fireplace fine. í adverb satisfactorily or well wall of a room where you can light a fire It’s working fine. í noun money which for heating you have to pay as a punishment for firework / faəw k/ noun a small tube firework having done something wrong I had holding chemicals which will shine to pay a £25 fine for parking in a No brightly or explode when lit Parking area. í verb to make someone firm /f m/ adjective 1. solid or fixed firm pay money as a punishment for having Make sure that the ladder is firm before done something wrong He was fined you climb up. My back hurts – I think £25 for parking on double yellow lines. I need a firmer mattress. 2. strong; like- finger / fŋ ə/ noun 1. one of the parts at finger ly to change There is no firm evidence the end of your hand, sometimes not in- that he stole the money. She is a firm cluding the thumb He wears a ring on believer in hard work. í noun a busi- his little finger. He pressed the button ness or company When he retired, the with his finger. 2. one of the parts of a firm presented him with a watch. The glove that cover the fingers I must firm I work for was taken over last year. mend my glove – there’s a hole in one of firmly / f mli/ adverb in a firm way firmly the fingers. Gloves without fingers are firmness / f mnəs/ noun 1. the quality firmness called ‘mittens’. 3. a piece of food shaped like a finger a box of chocolate of being strong or firm 2. determination This is trial version fingers first /f st/ noun number 1 in a series first fingernail / fŋ ənel/ noun the hard fingernail Our house is the first on the left. í ad- thin part covering the end of a finger jective relating to number 1 in a series www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 128 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM first aid 128 flash five /fav/ noun the number 5 That was the first time I ever saw him. five (NOTE: As a number can be written fix /fks/ verb 1. to fasten or to attach one fix 1st.) í adverb 1. at the beginning She thing to another Fix one end of the came first in the exam. 2. before doing cord to the tree and the other to the anything else Wash your hands first, fence. 2. to organise a time for some- and then you can eat. at first at the thing such as a meeting We’ll try to fix beginning At first he didn’t like the a time for the meeting. 3. to repair some- work, but later he got used to it. first thing The telephone people are com- come, first served dealing with things ing to fix the telephone. Someone’s such as requests in the order in which coming to fix the telephone this after- they are received Applications will be noon. Can you fix the dishwasher? dealt with on a first come, first served Does anyone know how to fix the photo- basis. copier? first aid / f st ed/ noun the help given first aid fixed /fkst/ adjective attached firmly fixed to a person who is hurt before a doctor The sign is fixed to the post with nails. or the emergency services arrive fizzy / fzi/ adjective full of small balls of fizzy first-class / f st klɑ s/ adjective 1. first-class gas (NOTE: Drinks which are not fizzy very good quality You can get a first- are still. A drink which is no longer class meal in that hotel. 2. using the fizzy is flat.) most expensive seats on a plane or train flag /fl / noun a piece of brightly col- flag Can I have a first-class return to Par- oured material with the symbol of a is, please? country or an organisation on it The fish /fʃ/ noun an animal which lives in fish French flag has blue, red and white water and swims; it has fins and no legs, stripes. The ship was flying the British I sat by the river all day and only flag. The flags were blowing in the caught two little fish. í verb to try to wind. catch a fish We often go fishing in the flake /flek/ noun 1. a small, very thin flake lake. They fished all day but didn’t catch anything. piece of something The paint came off fishing / fʃŋ/ noun the sport or indus- in little flakes. 2. a small piece of snow fishing which falls from the sky Snow fell in try of catching fish large soft flakes all night. fist /fst/ noun a tightly closed hand fist flame /flem/ noun a brightly burning flame fit /ft/ noun a sudden sharp attack of ill- fit part of a fire, or the light that burns on a ness, or of an emotion such as anger candle Flames could be seen coming She had a coughing fit or a fit of cough- out of the upstairs windows. ing. In a fit of anger he threw the plate flap /fl p/ noun a flat part which is at- flap across the kitchen. She’s having one tached to an object and has a special of her periodic fits of efficiency. í ad- type of fastening allowing it to move up jective healthy and having a lot of phys- and down The pilot tested the wing ical energy He isn’t fit enough to go flaps before taking off. í verb to move back to work. You’ll have to get fit if up and down like a bird’s wing Flags you’re going to run in that race. í verb were flapping in the breeze. The to be the right size or shape He’s swans stood by the edge of the water, grown so tall that his jackets don’t fit flapping their wings. (NOTE: flaps – him any more. These shoes don’t fit flapping – flapped) me – they’re a size too small. (NOTE: fits flash /fl ʃ/ noun 1. a short sudden burst – fitting – fitted) flash fitness / ftnəs/ noun 1. being physical- fitness of light Flashes of lightning lit up the ly fit She does fitness exercises every sky. 2. a piece of equipment used for morning. Physical fitness is important making a bright light, allowing you to This is trial version in the marines. 2. being suitable take photographs in the dark People Doubts were expressed about her fitness sometimes have red eyes in photos taken with a flash. í verb 1. to light up quick- for the job. www.adultpdf.com

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