easier english basic dictionary second edition_part5

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ground floor 148 grumble guide a big house or institution The police searched the school grounds for the weapon. The village fair is held in the grounds of the hospital. 2. reasons Does he have any grounds for complaint? What grounds have you got for saying that? grumble / r mbəl/ to complain in a bad-tempered way, especially regularly and often about unimportant things He’s always grumbling about the music from the flat above. guarantee / rən ti / noun 1. a legal document in which someone states that something is going to happen The travel agent could not give a guarantee that we would be...

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Basic.fm Page 148 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM ground floor 148 guide grumble / r mbəl/ to complain in a a big house or institution The police grumble searched the school grounds for the bad-tempered way, especially regularly weapon. The village fair is held in the and often about unimportant things grounds of the hospital. 2. reasons He’s always grumbling about the music Does he have any grounds for com- from the flat above. plaint? What grounds have you got guarantee / rən ti / noun 1. a legal guarantee for saying that? document in which someone states that ground floor / raυnd flɔ / noun a something is going to happen The ground floor travel agent could not give a guarantee floor in a building which is level with that we would be accommodated in the the street hotel mentioned in the brochure. 2. a group / ru p/ noun 1. a number of peo- group promise I can’t give you any guaran- ple together a group of houses in the tee of success. í verb to give a firm valley Groups of people gathered in promise that something will work, that the street. She is leading a group of something will be done I can guaran- businessmen on a tour of Italian facto- tee that the car will give you no trouble. ries. There are reduced prices for We can almost guarantee good weath- groups of 30 and over. 2. a way of clas- er in the Caribbean at this time of year. sifying things These drugs belong to (NOTE: guarantees – guaranteeing – the same group. 3. people playing music guaranteed) together He plays in a jazz group. guard / ɑ d/ noun 1. a person who pro- guard She’s the lead singer in a pop group. tects, often a soldier Security guards grow / rəυ/ verb 1. (of plants) to live and grow patrol the factory at night. 2. the man in develop There was grass growing in charge of a train The guard helped my put my bike into his van. í verb to watch the middle of the road. Roses grow well in our garden. 2. to make plants someone or somewhere carefully to pre- grow He grows all his vegetables in vent attacks or escapes The prison is his garden. We are going to grow guarded at all times. to be on your some cabbages this year. 3. to become guard to try to be ready for an unpleas- ant surprise You always have to be on taller or bigger He’s grown a lot taller your guard against burglars. since I last saw him. The profit has guerrilla / ə rlə/, guerilla noun a sol- grown to £1m. The town’s population guerrilla is growing very fast. (NOTE: grows – dier who is not part of a regular national growing – grew / ru / – grown army / rəυn/) guess / es/ noun an attempt to give the guess grow up phrasal verb to become an right answer or amount Go on – make a guess! At a guess, I’d say it weighs adult about 10 kilos. í verb to try to give the growing / rəυŋ/ adjective 1. becom- growing right answer or amount I would guess ing bigger in size or amount 2. becom- it’s about six o’clock. Neither of them ing stronger or more extreme growing guessed the right answer. He guessed fear of war right. I’ve bought you a present – shut grown / rəυn/ adjective full size grown What your eyes and guess what it is. silly behaviour from a grown man! guest / est/ noun 1. a person who is in- guest growth / rəυθ/ noun an increase in size growth vited to come to your home or to an the rapid growth of the population event We had a very lively party with since 1980 They measured the tree’s dozens of guests. None of the guests growth over the last fifty years. left the party early. 2. a person staying in a hotel Guests are requested to va- grubby / r bi/ adjective so dirty as to grubby cate their rooms before midday. be unpleasant A grubby little boy guidance / ad(ə)ns/ noun advice This is trial version guidance asked for money. He was wearing a guide / ad/ noun 1. a person who shows guide grubby old shirt. (NOTE: grubbier – you the way They used local farmers grubbiest) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 149 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM guidebook 149 gym as guides through the forest. 2. a person him dead. 2. a small piece of equipment who shows tourists round a place The which you hold in your hand to spray a guide showed us round the castle. The substance such as paint or glue A museum guide spoke so fast that we spray gun gives an even coating of couldn’t understand what she was say- paint. to jump the gun to start too ing. 3. a book which gives information quickly The new law comes into effect a guide to Athens a guide to the but- in a month’s time, but some shops have terflies of Europe í verb 1. to show already jumped the gun. someone the way to somewhere She gunman / nmən/ noun a man armed gunman guided us up the steps in the dark. 2. to with a gun The gunman pulled out a show tourists round a place He guided revolver and started shooting. (NOTE: us round the castle and told us about its The plural is gunmen.) history. t/ noun the tube in which food is gut gut / guidebook / adbυk/ noun a book guidebook digested as it passes through the body with information about a place He complained of a pain in the gut. guilty / lti/ adjective 1. who has com- guilty guts / ts/ plural noun courage guts mitted a crime He was found guilty of (informal ) She had the guts to tell the murder. The jury decided she was not boss he was wrong. guilty. 2. feeling unhappy because you gutter / tə/ noun 1. the side of a road gutter have done something wrong I feel very guilty about not having written to where water can flow Pieces of paper you. (NOTE: guiltier – guiltiest) and leaves were blowing about in the guitar /  tɑ / noun a musical instrument gutter. 2. an open pipe under the edge of guitar a roof for catching rain It rained so with six strings, played with the fingers hard the gutters overflowed. He plays the guitar in a pop group. gulf / lf/ noun an area of sea partly sur- guy / a/ noun 1. a man (informal ) She guy gulf rounded by land the Gulf of Mexico married a guy from Texas. The boss is gum / m/ noun 1. glue She spread a very friendly guy. Hey, you guys, gum come and look at this! 2. a model of a gum on the back of the photo and stuck man burnt on Bonfire Night, November it onto a sheet of paper. 2. the flesh 5th The children are collecting around the base of your teeth Brush- clothes to make a guy. Penny for the ing your teeth every day is good for your guy! gums. í verb to stick something with gym /d m/ noun 1. a place with special glue She gummed the pictures onto a gym sheet of paper. (NOTE: gums – gum- equipment, or a large hall as in a school, ming – gummed) for indoor sports and physical training n/ noun 1. a weapon which gun / gun I go to the gym twice a week to exercise. shoots bullets The robber pulled out a 2. physical exercises, especially as an gun. She grabbed his gun and shot activity at school This is trial version www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 150 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM H h /etʃ/, H noun the eighth letter of the al- way there! The post office is about h halfway between the station and our phabet, between G and I house. habit / h bt/ noun something that habit hall /hɔ l/ noun 1. a room just inside the hall someone does regularly He has the entrance to a house, where you can habit of biting his fingernails. leave your coat Don’t wait in the hall, had /əd, həd, h d/ past tense and past had come straight into the dining room. participle of have She left her umbrella in the hall. 2. a hail /hel/ noun frozen rain I thought hail large room where large numbers of peo- the hail was going to break the wind- ple can come together The children screen. í verb to fall as frozen rain It have their dinner in the school hall. hailed for ten minutes and then the sun halt /hɔ lt/ noun a complete stop í verb halt came out. to stop something The cars halted hair /heə/ noun 1. a mass of long fibres hair when the traffic lights went red. We growing on your head She has long are trying to halt experiments on live brown hair or her hair is long and animals. brown. She always brushes her hair halve /hɑ v/ verb to reduce something by halve before washing it. You must get your half Because the town has no cash, its hair cut. He’s had his hair cut short. budget has been halved. Use some hair spray to keep your hair ham /h m/ noun meat from a pig which ham in place. 2. one of the fibres growing on has been treated, e.g. with salt She cut the body of a human or animal Waiter, three slices of ham. We had a ham and there’s a hair in my soup! The cat has tomato salad. She had a ham sand- left hairs all over the cushion. He’s wich for lunch. beginning to get some grey hairs. hamburger / h mb ə/ noun a piece hairdresser / heədresə/ noun a person hamburger hairdresser of minced beef grilled and served in a who cuts and washes your hair toasted roll hairstyle / heəstal/ noun the way in hairstyle hammer / h mə/ noun a tool with a hammer which your hair has been cut or ar- heavy head for knocking nails She hit ranged the nail hard with the hammer. í verb 1. half /hɑ f/ noun 1. one of two parts which half to knock something such as a nail into are the same in size She cut the orange something such as a piece of wood with in half. One half of the apple fell on a hammer It took him a few minutes to the carpet. Half of six is three. 2. (in hammer the tent pegs into the ground. 2. sport) one of two parts of a match Our to hit something hard, as with a hammer team scored a goal in the first half. We He hammered the table with his fist. thought we were going to win, and then She hammered on the door with her they scored in the final minutes of the stick. second half. hand /h nd/ noun 1. the part of the body hand half past / hɑ f pɑ st/ phrase 30 min- half past at the end of each arm, which you use utes after an hour for holding things She was carrying a half-term / hɑ f t m/ noun a short hol- half-term cup of tea in each hand. She held out This is trial version iday in the middle of a school term her hand, asking for money. they halfway / hɑ f we/ adverb in the mid- halfway walked along hand in hand they dle Come on, we’re more than half- walked holding each other by the hand www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 151 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM handbag 151 hard handy / h ndi/ adjective practical and 2. one of the two long parts on a clock handy which move round and show the time. useful to come in handy to be useful The minute hand is longer than the hour The knife will come in handy when we hand. í verb to pass something to are camping. someone Can you hand me that box? hang /h ŋ/ verb to attach one thing to hang She handed me all her money. to another so that it does not touch the give or lend someone a hand with ground Hang your coat on the hook something to help someone with behind the door. He hung his umbrella something Can you lend a hand with over the back of his chair. We hung the moving the furniture? He gave me a painting in the hall. The boys were hand with the washing up. to shake hanging upside down from a tree. hands to hold someone’s hand to show (NOTE: hangs – hanging – hung you are pleased to meet them or to show /h ŋ/) that an agreement has been reached hang around phrasal verb to wait in a The visitors shook hands and the meet- certain place without doing anything ing started. much hand in phrasal verb to give something hang on phrasal verb to wait If you to someone such as a teacher or a police- hang on a few minutes you will be able man We handed in the money we had to see her. found. happen / h pən/ verb 1. to take place happen hand over phrasal verb to give some- The accident happened at the traffic thing to someone She handed over all lights. How did the accident happen? the documents to the lawyers. Something happened to make all the handbag / h ndb / noun a small bag handbag buses late. He’s late – something must which a woman carries to hold small have happened to him. 2. to happen things such as money or make-up to someone or something to have an ef- handicap / h ndik p/ noun 1. a phys- handicap fect on someone or something What’s ical or mental condition which makes happened to his brother since he left ordinary activities difficult (dated ) 2. school? as it happens, as it hap- something which puts you at a disad- pened completely by chance As it vantage Not being able to drive is a happens I have the car today and can handicap in this job. give you a lift. It so happened that my handkerchief / h ŋkətʃf/ noun a handkerchief wife bumped into her at the supermar- piece of cloth or thin paper for wiping ket. your nose (NOTE: The plural is hand- happily / h pli/ adverb in a happy way happily kerchiefs or handkerchieves.) happiness / h pinəs/ noun a feeling of happiness handle / h nd(ə)l/ noun a part of some- handle being happy thing which you hold in your hand to happy / h pi/ adjective 1. (of people) happy carry something or to use something I very pleased I’m happy to say we’re turned the handle but the door didn’t getting married next month. I’m so open. Be careful, the handle of the fry- happy to hear that you are better. ing pan may be hot. The handle has She’s very happy in her job. 2. (of come off my suitcase. He broke the events) pleasant It was the happiest handle off the cup. í verb to move by day of my life. hand Be careful when you handle the harbour / hɑ bə/ noun a place where bottles of acid. harbour handsome / h ns(ə)m/ adjective a boats can come and tie up The ship handsome came into harbour last night. handsome man or boy has an attractive face Her boyfriend is very handsome. hard /hɑ d/ adjective 1. not soft If you hard (NOTE: usually used of men rather than have back trouble, you ought to get a This is trial version women) hard bed. The ice cream is rock hard handwriting / h ndratŋ/ noun writ- handwriting or hard as a rock. The cake she made ing done by hand is so hard I can’t bite into it. 2. not easy www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 152 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hardly 152 head Some of the questions were very hard. thing She had a hatred of unfair treat- It’s hard to stay happy when bad ment. things happen. í adverb 1. strongly haul /hɔ l/ verb to pull something with haul He hit the nail hard. It’s snowing very effort They hauled the boat up onto hard. 2. with a lot of effort They the beach. worked hard to finish the order on time. have /həv, əv, h v/ verb 1. to own have She always tries hard. it’s hard to something She has a lot of money. say it’s difficult to know It’s hard to They have a new green car. She has say if it’s going to rain or not. long dark hair. The house has no tele- hardly / hɑ dli/ adverb almost not Do hardly phone. Do you have a table for three, you know her? – Hardly at all. We please? 2. to take or eat something hardly slept a wink last night. She Have you had any tea? She has sugar hardly eats anything at all. in her coffee. They had a meal of hardware / hɑ dweə/ noun tools and hardware bread and cheese. She had her break- pans used in the home I bought the fast in bed. 3. to play a game of some- paint in a hardware shop. thing They had a game of tennis. I harm /hɑ m/ noun damage done to peo- had a long walk. 4. to arrange for some- harm thing to be done for you I must have ple or animals He didn’t mean to do my hair cut. She’s having the house any harm or He meant no harm. painted. 5. used to form the present and There’s no harm in having a little drink past perfect form of verbs Have they before you go to bed. í verb to physical- finished their work? She has never ly affect something or someone in a bad been to Paris. They had finished sup- way Luckily, the little girl was not per when we arrived. I haven’t seen harmed. The bad publicity has him for two days. If she had asked me harmed our reputation. I would have said no. 6. used to intro- harmful / hɑ mf(ə)l/ adjective which harmful duce good wishes to someone Have a causes damage nice day! Have a good trip! (NOTE: harmless / hɑ mləs/ adjective which harmless has – having – had) does not upset or hurt anyone have got phrasal verb 1. to own some- harsh /hɑ ʃ/ adjective 1. severe The harsh thing She’s got dark hair. Have you prosecutor asked for a harsh sentence to got a table for three, please? They’ve fit the crime. 2. rough He shouted in a got a new green car. The house hasn’t harsh voice. got a telephone. They haven’t got harvest / hɑ vst/ noun picking crops harvest enough to eat. 2. used to mean ‘must’ The corn harvest is in August. í verb to Why have you got to go so early? pick crops The corn will be ready to She’s got to learn to drive. harvest next week. They have started hay /he/ noun dried grass used to feed hay harvesting the grapes in the vineyard. animals such as cows has /əz, həz, h z/ 3rd person singular has he /hi, hi / pronoun referring to a man or he present of have boy, and some animals He’s my broth- hat /h t/ noun a piece of clothing which hat er. He and I met in Oxford. He’s eat- you wear on your head Take your hat en all my pudding. Don’t be fright- off when you go into a church. He’s ened of the dog – he won’t hurt you. bought a Russian fur hat for the winter. him, his (NOTE: When it is the object, hate /het/ verb to dislike someone or hate he becomes him: He hit the ball or The ball hit him. When it follows the verb to something very much I think she be, he usually becomes him: Who’s hates me, but I don’t know why. I hate being late. í noun a very strong feeling that? – It’s him, the man who borrowed my knife.) of not liking someone Her eyes were This is trial version full of hate. head /hed/ noun 1. the top part of the head hatred / hetrd/ noun a very strong hatred body, where your eyes, nose, mouth and feeling of not liking someone or some- brain are He says he can relax by www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 153 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM headache 153 heating heap /hi p/ noun a pile standing on his head. She hit her head heap a heap of coal on the cupboard door. 2. your brain; in- Step over that heap of rubbish. í verb telligence She has a good head for fig- to pile things up A pile of presents ures. He tried to do the sum in his were heaped under the Christmas tree. head. If we all put our heads together Boxes were heaped up on the station we might come up with a solution. 3. the platform. first place An old lady was standing at hear /hə/ verb 1. to notice sounds with hear the head of the queue. His name your ears He heard footsteps behind comes at the head of the list. 4. the most him. You could hear the sound of important person She’s head of the church bells in the distance. I heard sales department. The head waiter her drive up in the car. Can you hear showed us to our table. 5. one person, or him singing in the bath? 2. to listen to one animal, when counting She count- something Did you hear the talk on ed heads as the children got onto the the radio? I heard it on the BBC news. coach. There are fifty head of sheep in 3. to get information I hear he’s got a the flock. í verb to go towards some- new job. Have you heard that the thing She headed immediately for the manager has resigned? We have not manager’s office. The car headed east heard from them for some time. (NOTE: along the motorway. He’s heading to- hears – hearing – heard /h d/) wards the Channel ports. She’s head- hearing / hərŋ/ noun the ability to hear ing for trouble. to shake your head hearing to move your head from side to side to Bats have a very sharp sense of hear- mean ‘no’ She asked him if he wanted ing. She has hearing difficulties. any more coffee and he shook his head. (NOTE: no plural) headache / hedek/ noun a pain in your headache heart /hɑ t/ noun 1. a main organ in the heart head I’ve got a bad headache. body, which pumps blood around it headline / hedlan/ noun words in large headline She isn’t dead – her heart’s still beating. letters on the front page of a newspaper The doctor listened to his heart. He Did you see the headlines about the has had heart trouble for years. 2. your accident? feelings and emotions My heart sank headquarters /hed kwɔ təz/ noun the headquarters when I realised that he hadn’t read my letter. 3. a centre or middle The res- main offices of a large organisation taurant is in the heart of the old town. 4. Several people were arrested and taken one of the red sets in a game of cards, to police headquarters. Abbreviation with a symbol shaped like a heart My HQ last card was the ten of hearts. (NOTE: head teacher / hed ti tʃə/ noun a man head teacher The other red suit is diamonds; clubs or woman who is in charge of a school and spades are the black suits.) heal /hi l/ verb to make someone or heal heat /hi t/ noun 1. the state of being hot heat something healthy again, or to become The heat of the sun made the ice healthy again She claims to be able to cream melt. 2. the amount of heat pro- heal people through touch. This duced by an oven or heating system should help the wound to heal. (NOTE: Cook the vegetables over a low heat. 3. Do not confuse with heel.) one part of a sports competition There health /helθ/ noun the fact of being well health are two heats before the final race. í or being free from any illness He has verb to make something hot Can you enjoyed the best of health for years. heat the soup while I’m getting the table Smoking is bad for your health. ready? The room was heated by a healthy / helθi/ adjective 1. not ill healthy small electric fire. Heat the milk to He’s healthier than he has ever been. 2. room temperature. making you stay fit and well the This is trial version heating / hi tŋ/ noun a way of keeping heating healthiest place in England She’s keeping to a healthy diet. (NOTE: a place such as a house or an office warm healthier – healthiest) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 154 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM heaven 154 helpful helicopter / helkɒptə/ noun an aircraft heaven / hev(ə)n/ noun a beautiful heaven helicopter with a set of large flat blades on top that place believed by some people to be spin round, making it rise straight up in where good people go after death She the air believes that when she dies she will go to heaven. for heaven’s sake an ex- hell /hel/ noun 1. a place where some hell pression showing you are annoyed, or people believe bad people are sent after that something is important What are they die Medieval pictures show hell you screaming for? – It’s only a little as a burning place. 2. a very unpleasant mouse, for heaven’s sake. For heav- place or experience It’s hell working en’s sake try to be quiet, we don’t want in the office these days. 3. used to em- the guards to hear us! good heavens phasise what you are saying (informal ) an expression showing you are sur- What the hell’s been going on here? prised Good heavens! It’s almost 10 Am I going to lend you £50? Am I hell! o’clock! (NOTE: Using expressions that include heavily / hevli/ adverb 1. with force heavily the word hell is offensive to some peo- ple.) He sat down heavily on the little chair. 2. to a great extent; very much The he’ll /hil, hi l/ short form he will he’ll company was heavily criticised in the hello /hə ləυ/ interjection used as a greet- hello press. She is heavily in debt. It ing She called hello from the other rained heavily during the night. side of the street. Hello Mary! I’m heavy / hevi/ adjective 1. weighing a lot heavy glad to see you. When you see her, say This suitcase is so heavy I can hardly hello to her from me. (NOTE: also lift it. She’s heavier than I am. 2. in spelled hallo, hullo.) large amounts There has been a heavy helmet / helmt/ noun a solid hat used as helmet demand for the book. There was a a protection heavy fall of snow during the night. help /help/ noun 1. something which help The radio says there is heavy traffic in makes it easier for you to do something the centre of town. to be a heavy She was washing the floor with the smoker to smoke a lot of cigarettes to help of a big mop. Do you need any be a heavy drinker to drink a lot of al- help with moving the furniture? She cohol finds the word-processor a great help in hedge /hed / noun a row of bushes hedge writing her book. Her assistant is not planted and kept in an even shape to much help in the office – he can’t type or form a screen round a field or garden drive. 2. the act of making it easier for There is a thick hedge round the church- someone to do something People yard. were calling for help from the ruins of heel /hi l/ noun 1. the back part of the heel the house. The nurses offered help to foot After walking, she got sore heels. people injured in the accident. í verb to 2. the back part of a sock or shoe He’s make it easier for someone to do some- got a hole in the heel of his sock. She thing He helped the old lady up the always wears shoes with high heels or steps. The government wants to help high-heeled shoes. small businesses. Your father can help you with your homework. One of my height /hat/ noun 1. a measurement of height friends helped me move the piano into how high something is or how tall some- the bedroom. one is The height of the bridge is only helper / helpə/ noun a person who helps helper three metres. 2. the highest point looking down on the city from the someone do a particular job or task, es- heights around 3. a time of great activity pecially without being paid It is difficult to find hotel rooms at the helpful / helpf(ə)l/ adjective useful or helpful height of the tourist season. This is trial version giving help to someone She made held /held/ past tense and past participle held some helpful suggestions. They were of hold very helpful when we moved house. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 155 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM helping 155 high helping / helpŋ/ noun an amount of The manager wrote to me herself. Did helping your sister enjoy herself? She’s too food for one person The helpings in young to be able to dress herself. this restaurant are very small. Chil- hesitate / heztet/ verb to be slow to dren’s helpings are not as large as those hesitate for adults. speak or make a decision He hesitated helpless / helpləs/ adjective not able to for a moment and then said ‘no’. helpless She’s hesitating about whether to ac- do anything to make a bad situation bet- cept the job. ter hiccup / hk p/, hiccough noun 1. a hen /hen/ noun an adult female chicken hiccup hen sudden high sound that you sometimes The hens were scared by the fox. make in your throat, e.g. if you have Look, one of the hens has laid an egg! been eating too quickly She had an at- hence /hens/ adverb in the future Five hence tack of hiccups. He got the hiccups months hence, the situation should be from laughing too much. 2. a small thing better. which goes wrong There has been a her /ə, hə, h / object pronoun referring her slight hiccup in the delivery of our sup- to a female There’s a parcel for her in plies. í verb to make a hiccup She reception. Did you see her? He told patted him on the back when he sudden- her to go away. í adjective belonging ly started to hiccup. He hiccupped so to a female, a ship or a country Some- loudly that everyone in the restaurant one has stolen all her luggage. Have stared at him. (NOTE: hiccups – hic- you seen her father? The dog doesn’t cupping – hiccupped) want to eat her food. France is help- hidden / hd(ə)n/ adjective which can- hidden ing her businesses to sell more abroad. not be seen or found easily There’s a herb /h b/ noun a plant used to give fla- herb hidden safe in the wall behind his desk. vour to food, or as a medicine They say there’s some hidden treasure herd /h d/ noun a group of animals, es- herd in the castle. pecially cows Herds of cattle were hide /had/ verb 1. to put something hide grazing on the hillside. (NOTE: The where no one can see or find it She hid word herd is usually used with cattle; the presents in the kitchen. They kept for sheep, goats, and birds, the word to some gold coins hidden under the bed. use is flock.) Someone has hidden my car keys. 2. here /hə/ adverb 1. in this place I’ll sit here to put yourself where no one can see or here in the shade and wait for you. find you They hid in the bushes until Here are the keys you lost. I’ll put the the police car had gone past. Quick! book down here next to your computer. Hide behind the door! (NOTE: hides – hiding – hid /hd/ – has hidden They have been living here in England / hd(ə)n/) for a long time. 2. to this place Come here at once! Can you bring the chairs hideous / hdiəs/ adjective extremely hideous here, please? Here comes the bus! unpleasant to look at Where did she here you are take this Here you are, get that hideous dress? today’s newspaper! hiding / hadŋ/ noun a situation in hiding hero / hərəυ/ noun 1. a brave man The hero which you have put yourself where no hero of the fire was the man who man- one can find you He stayed in hiding aged to rescue the children from an up- for three days until the soldiers left the stairs room. 2. the main male character village. They decided to go into hiding in something such as a book, play or for a time until the police called off their film The hero of the story is a little search. boy. (NOTE: The plural is heroes.) high /ha/ adjective 1. far above other high hers /h z/ pronoun belonging to her hers things Everest is the highest mountain This is trial version That watch is hers, not mine. in the world. The new building is 20 herself /ə self, hə self/ pronoun used herself storeys high. The kitchen has a high for referring back to a female subject ceiling. The door is not high enough www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 156 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM highly 156 hit for us to get the wardrobe into the bed- That hinge squeaks – it needs some oil. They lifted the door off its hinges. room. height (NOTE: High is used hint /hnt/ noun 1. something you say with figures: the mountain is 1,000 me- hint tres high. High also refers to things that reveals information in an indirect that are a long way above the ground: way He didn’t give a hint as to where a high mountain, high clouds. For peo- he was going on holiday. 2. a piece of ple and narrow things like trees use advice or a suggestion She gave me tall: a tall man.) 2. large in quantity some useful hints about painting furni- the high level of unemployment in the ture. I don’t know what to give her for country He earns a high income. her birthday – have you any hints? í High prices put customers off. The car verb to say something in a way that shakes when going at high speeds. makes people guess what you mean The price of petrol is higher every year. She hinted that her sister was pregnant. í adverb above; up in the air The sun hip /hp/ noun the part of the body where hip rose high in the sky. The bird flew your legs join your waist The tailor higher and higher. (NOTE: higher – measured him round the hips. í adjec- highest) tive very fashionable (slang) That’s a highly / hali/ adverb used before some highly very hip shirt she’s wearing. hire / haə/ verb 1. (of a borrower ) to pay adjectives to mean ‘very well’ highly hire priced meals The restaurant has been money to use something for a time highly recommended. Their employ- She hired a car for the weekend. He ees are not very highly paid. was driving a hired car when the acci- dent happened. 2. to employ someone to highway / hawe/ noun a main public highway work for you We’ve hired three more road A footbridge was built over the sales assistants. They hired a small highway. company to paint their offices. í noun hijack / had k/ verb to take control of hijack the act of paying money to rent some- a vehicle by force The men hijacked thing such as a car, a boat or a piece of the lorry and left the driver by the road. equipment They hijacked an aircraft and ordered his /z, hz/ adjective belonging to him his the pilot to fly to Moscow. He’s lost all his money. Have you met hilarious /h leəriəs/ adjective very hilarious his mother? Our dog wants his food. funny I thought the play was hilari- í pronoun belonging to him That ous. watch is his, not mine. historical /h stɒrk(ə)l/ adjective re- hill /hl/ noun a piece of high land historical hill lating to history He likes books of his- The hills are covered with (informal ) torical interest. spring flowers. If you climb to the top history / hst(ə)ri/ noun 1. the study of of the hill you will get a good view of the history valley. the past He is studying Greek history. She failed her history exam. She him /m, hm/ object pronoun referring him teaches history at London University. 2. to a male Tell him there’s a letter wait- a book which tells the story of what hap- ing for him. Have you spoken to him pened in the past He wrote a history of today? That’s him! – The man with the French Revolution. the beard. hit /ht/ noun someone or something that hit himself /m self, hm self/ pronoun himself is very popular, e.g. a song, a film or a used for referring back to a male subject performer The song rapidly became a I was served by the manager himself. hit. The play was a West End hit. The doctor has got flu himself. Did She was a hit with the old people’s club. your brother enjoy himself? í verb 1. to knock something or some- This is trial version hinge /hnd / noun a piece of metal used hinge one The car hit the tree. She hit him to hold something, e.g. a door, window on the head with a bottle. She hit the or lid, so that it can swing open and shut ball so hard that we couldn’t find it. I www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 157 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hoard 157 hold-up hit my head on the cupboard door. 2. to to keep someone inside The prisoners cause someone to realise something It were held in police cells overnight. (NOTE: holds – holding – held /held/) suddenly hit her that now she was di- vorced she would have to live alone. to hold your breath to keep air in your lungs, e.g. in order to go under wa- (NOTE: hits – hitting – hit) ter She held her breath under water hit back phrasal verb 1. to hit someone for a minute. We’re all holding our who has hit you They hit him so hard breath to see if he wins a gold medal. í that he was unable to hit back. 2. to do noun 1. the bottom part of a ship or an something as a reaction to something aircraft, in which goods or luggage are When the supermarket chain lowered stored You can’t take all that luggage their prices, the other chains hit back by with you – it has to go in the hold. 2. the lowering prices too. He hit back at the act of keeping something tightly in your inspectors, saying that their report was hand He lost his hold on the ladder. biased. Keep tight hold of the bag, we don’t hoard /hɔ d/ noun a store of something hoard want it stolen. to get hold of someone such as food or money, which has been to manage to contact someone by tele- collected They discovered a hoard of phone I tried to get hold of the doctor gold coins in the field. í verb to buy and but he was out. store supplies of something essential hold on phrasal verb 1. to hold some- that you think you will need in a crisis thing tightly She held on to the rope Everyone started hoarding fuel during with both hands. Hold on to your the strike. purse in the crowd. Hold on tight, hobby / hɒbi/ noun an enjoyable activity hobby we’re turning! 2. to wait Hold on a which you do in your spare time (NOTE: moment, I’ll get my umbrella. Do you The plural is hobbies.) want to speak to the manager? Hold on, hockey / hɒki/ noun a team game played hockey I’ll find him for you. on grass, where you try to hit a small hold out phrasal verb 1. to move ball into your opponents’ goal using a something towards someone Hold out long stick which is curved at the end your plate to be served. He held out He played in the hockey team at school. his hand but she refused to shake it. 2. to hoist /hɔst/ verb to lift something or hoist manage to be strong enough The cas- someone using special equipment or a tle held out for ten weeks against a huge lot of force The box was hoisted up on enemy army. a rope. It’s time to hoist the flag. hold up phrasal verb 1. to lift someone hold /həυld/ verb 1. to keep something or hold or something He held up his hand. someone tight, especially in your hand He held the little boy up so that he could She was holding the baby in her arms. see the procession. 2. to support some- She held her ticket between her teeth thing The roof is held up by those pil- as she was carrying suitcases in both lars. 3. to make someone or something hands. Hold tight – the machine is go- late The planes were held up by fog. ing to start. He held the bag close to Government ministers are holding up his chest. 2. to be large enough to con- the deal. 4. to use a gun to make some- tain a certain quantity of things or peo- one give up all their money Six gun- ple The bottle holds two litres. The men held up the security van. box will hold four pairs of shoes. Will hold-up / həυld p/ noun 1. a delay; an hold-up the car hold eight people? The plane occasion on which something is later holds 250 passengers. 3. to make an than planned Long hold-ups are ex- event happen They are holding a party pected because of road works on the for their wedding anniversary. The motorway. There’s been a hold-up meeting will be held next Tuesday in the This is trial version town hall. 4. to own something She and the goods won’t arrive till next holds a valid driving licence. He week. 2. an occasion on which a person holds the record for the 2000 metres. 5. with a gun steals money from someone www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 158 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hole 158 hood The gang carried out three hold-ups is Birmingham. Send the letter to my home address, not to my office. in the same day. homework / həυmw k/ noun work homework hole /həυl/ noun an opening or a space in hole which you take home from school to do something You’ve got a hole in your in the evening Have you finished your sock. We all peeped through the hole maths homework? I haven’t got any in the fence. Rabbits live in holes in homework today, so I can watch TV. the ground. (NOTE: no plural) holiday / hɒlde/ noun 1. a period when holiday honest / ɒnst/ adjective 1. telling the honest you do not work, and sometimes go and truth He was honest with the police stay in a different place When are you and told them what he had done. 2. taking your holiday or When are you tending to tell people the truth; treating planning to go on holiday? He’s go- people fairly I wouldn’t buy a car ing to Spain on holiday. We always from that garage – I’m not sure they’re spend our holidays in the mountains. completely honest. How many days’ holiday do you have honestly / ɒnstli/ adverb 1. in an open honestly each year? 2. a day on which most peo- and honest way 2. used to express a feel- ple do not work because of laws or reli- ing of being annoyed Honestly, you gious rules The office is closed for the might have told me sooner! Christmas holiday. honesty / ɒnsti/ noun the quality of be- honesty hollow / hɒləυ/ adjective with a hole in- hollow ing honest I admire him for his hones- side a hollow log If you tap the box ty in saying the job was too difficult for it sounds hollow. him. holy / həυli/ adjective relating to religion holy honey / h ni/ noun a sweet substance honey or the church They went to ask a holy produced by bees I like honey on man his advice. toast. Greek cakes are often made home /həυm/ noun 1. the place where home with honey. you live or where your parents live honeymoon / h nimu n/ noun a holi- honeymoon Their home is a flat in the centre of Lon- day taken immediately after a wedding don. Will you be at home tomorrow They went on their honeymoon to evening? When do you leave home for Corsica. work in the morning? I like to go honor / ɒnə/ noun, verb US spelling of honor home for the holidays. to make your- honour self at home to behave as if you were in honour / ɒnə/ noun 1. the practice of honour your own home He lay down on my acting according to what you think is sofa, opened a bottle of beer, and made right He’s a man of honour. 2. some- himself at home. 2. a house They are thing that you are proud of It is an building fifty new homes on the edge of honour for me to be invited here today. the village. 3. a house where people are í verb 1. to show your respect for looked after My aunt has moved to an someone to honour the dead 2. to give old people’s home. 4. at home (in someone an award to show that you re- sports) on the local sports ground spect them He was honoured by the Our team is playing at home next Satur- university. 3. to do what you promised day. í adverb towards the place where He honoured the agreement and gave you usually live We’ve got to go home the staff a pay rise. now. He usually gets home by 7 hood /hυd/ noun 1. a loose piece of hood o’clock. Don’t send it – I’ll take it home with me. If you don’t want to clothing to cover your head He has a walk, you can always take the bus home. blue coat with a hood. 2. a folding roof (NOTE: used without a preposition: He on something such as a car or pram This is trial version went home or She’s coming home.) í Let’s put down the hood, it’s very hot. 3. adjective referring to where you live or US a metal cover for the front part of a where you were born My home town car, covering the engine He lifted the www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 159 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hoof 159 hot hood to see what was wrong with the which you blow into a piece of music motor. for horn and orchestra horrible / hɒrb(ə)l/ adjective extremely hoof /hu f/ noun the part of the foot of a horrible hoof unpleasant The victims of the fire had horse, cow and many other animals (NOTE: The plural is hooves /hu vz/.) horrible injuries. He’s a horrible little boy. We had a horrible meal at the hook /hυk/ noun 1. a bent piece of metal hook restaurant. for hanging things on Hang your coat horrified / hɒrfad/ adjective fright- horrified on the hook behind the door. 2. a very ened or shocked small piece of thin bent metal, attached horror / hɒrə/ noun the fact or feeling of to a line for catching fish The fish ate horror the worm but didn’t swallow the hook. being very frightened He couldn’t hop /hɒp/ verb 1. to jump on one leg hide his horror at hearing the news. hop She has a horror of spiders. Everyone He hurt his toe and had to hop around watched in horror as the planes collid- on one foot. 2. (of a bird or animal ) to ed. jump with both feet together Magpies horse /hɔ s/ noun a large animal used for horse were hopping across the grass. The frog hopped onto the lily pad. (NOTE: riding or for pulling vehicles She was hops – hopping – hopped) í noun 1. riding a black horse. The coach was a little jump Magpies walk in a series pulled by six white horses. He’s out on of little hops. 2. a short flight It’s only his horse every morning. a short hop from London to Paris. hospital / hɒspt(ə)l/ noun a place hospital hope /həυp/ verb to want and expect hope where sick or hurt people are looked af- something to happen We all hope our ter She was taken ill at work and sent team wins. She’s hoping she will soon to hospital. When is she due to go into be able to drive a car. I hope it doesn’t hospital? He was in hospital for sev- rain. í noun the fact of wanting and ex- eral days after the accident. pecting something to happen Our host /həυst/ noun 1. a person who has host only hope is that she will get better invited guests The host asked his soon. They have given up all hope of guests what they wanted to drink. 2. the rescuing any more earthquake victims. landlord of a hotel or inn, also some- hopeful / həυpf(ə)l/ adjective confident hopeful times of a restaurant 3. the person who introduces and talks to the guests on a that something will happen We are TV or radio show He had been a host hopeful that the company will accept on a Saturday evening TV show. 4. a our offer. host of a large number of We face a hopeless / həυpləs/ adjective 1. unlike- hopeless host of problems. í verb 1. to act as host ly to get better; impossible to improve at a party The company hosted a re- The invoices are in a hopeless mess. 2. ception for two hundred guests. 2. to be not at all skilful at something She’s the centre where something takes place hopeless at tennis. He’s hopeless Barcelona hosted the Olympic when it comes to mending cars. Games. 3. to organise and manage web- horizon /hə raz(ə)n/ noun the line in horizon sites for other people the distance where the earth and the sky hostage / hɒstd / noun a person who hostage meet is captured and held by someone or an horizontal / hɒr zɒnt(ə)l/ adjective horizontal organisation, which threatens to kill him flat; level with the ground or her unless their demands are met Three of the hostages will be released horn /hɔ n/ noun 1. a sharp pointed bone horn tomorrow. 1. 2. He was held hos- growing out of an animal’s head That tage for more than a year by the rebels. bull’s horns look very dangerous. 2. a This is trial version hot /hɒt/ adjective 1. very warm; with a hot piece of equipment on a car that makes a loud noise to warn people of some- high temperature The weather is very thing 3. a metal musical instrument hot in June, but August is the hottest www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 160 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hot dog 160 humor month. If you’re too hot, take your How do you switch off the cooker? coat off. Plates should be kept hot be- Can you tell me how to get to the rail- fore serving the meal. heat 2. (of way station from here? I don’t know food ) full of spices, giving you a burn- how he does it. 2. showing or asking ing feeling in your mouth This curry about things such as the age, size or is particularly hot. He chose the hot- quantity of something How big is test dish on the menu. their house? How many people are there in your family? She showed us hot dog / hɒt dɒ / noun a snack consist- hot dog how good she was at skiing. How old ing of a hot sausage in a long piece of is your little boy? How far is it to the bread church? 3. showing surprise How hotel /həυ tel/ noun a building where hotel cold it is outside! How different it is travellers can rent a room for the night, from what I remember! eat in a restaurant or drink in a bar however /haυ evə/ adverb but however We They are staying at the Grand Hotel. never go out on Saturdays – however, I’ll meet you in the hotel lobby. All the this week we’re going to a wedding. í hotel rooms in the town are booked. conjunction in whatever way Do it hour /aυə/ noun a period of time which hour however you like. lasts 60 minutes The train journey howl /haυl/ verb to make a long loud high howl takes two hours. It’s a three-hour sound like a wolf The wolves howled flight to Greece. The train travels at outside the cabin. The wind howled in over 150 miles an hour. the chimney. í noun a long loud cry house1 /haυs/ noun 1. a building in house Howls of disappointment came from the which someone lives He has bought a fans. house in London. He has a small flat hug /h / noun the act of putting your hug in town and a large house in the country. arms round someone and holding them All the houses in our street look the close to you She ran to the little girl same. 2. a part of a Parliament The and gave her a hug. í verb to throw British Parliament is formed of the your arms around someone The play- House of Commons and the House of ers hugged each other when the goal Lords. The American Congress is was scored. (NOTE: hugs – hugging – formed of the House of Representatives hugged) and the Senate. house2 /haυz/ verb to provide a place for huge /hju d / adjective of a very large huge house someone or something to stay or be kept size Huge waves battered the ship. His collection of old cars is housed in The concert was a huge success. Fail- a barn. We have been asked if we can ing the test was a huge disappointment house three students for the summer for him. term. (NOTE: houses – housing – hum /h m/ verb 1. to make a low sound hum housed) like a bee Bees were humming around household / haυshəυld/ noun the peo- household the hive. 2. to sing without words If ple living together in a house you don’t know the words of the nation- housework / haυsw k/ noun the work al anthem, you can always hum the tune. housework (NOTE: hums – humming – hummed) of keeping a house clean (NOTE: no plu- human / hju mən/ adjective relating to human ral) housing / haυzŋ/ noun houses people housing Pub- humble / h mbəl/ adjective feeling or lic housing has to meet certain stand- humble ards. acting as if you are not as important as hover / hɒvə/ verb to hang in the air hover other people Seeing how much work she does for charity makes me feel very without moving forward flies hover- humble. (NOTE: humbler – humblest) This is trial version ing over the surface of a pool how /haυ/ adverb 1. showing or asking humor / hju mə/ noun US spelling of humor how the way in which something is done humour www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 161 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM humorous 161 hyphen humorous / hju mərəs/ adjective fun- ry up with the food – we’re getting hun- humorous gry. ny in a quiet way, making people smile hunt /h nt/ verb 1. rather than laugh humorous stories hunt to hunt for some- Some of her comments were rather hu- thing to search for something We’re morous. hunting for a cheap flat. The police humorously / hju mərəsli/ adverb in a humorously are hunting for the driver of the car. 2. to chase wild animals for food or sport humorous Our cat is not very good at hunting humour / hju mə/ noun 1. the ability to humour mice. They go to Scotland every year make situations seem funny He has a to hunt deer. (NOTE: You hunt animals, good sense of humour. She has abso- but you hunt for things.) í noun a lutely no sense of humour. Want to search The hunt for new offices has meet male, aged 30 – 35, with a good just started. sense of humour (GSOH). 2. a general hunter / h ntə/ noun a person who hunter feeling or mood I am in no humour to talk about holidays just now. His good hunts animals humour lasted until the end of the party. hurricane / h rkən/ noun a tropical hurricane hump /h mp/ noun 1. a raised part on hump storm with strong winds and rain (NOTE: the back of a person or animal Arabi- In the Far East called a typhoon; in an camels have only one hump, while the Indian Ocean called a cyclone.) Bactrian camels have two. 2. a small hurry / h ri/ verb to go somewhere or do hurry raised part in the ground They have something fast She hurried across the built humps in the road to slow down the room. You’ll have to hurry if you want traffic. to catch the last post. There’s no need hundred / h ndrəd/ noun the number hundred to hurry – we’ve got plenty of time. 100 The church is over a hundred (NOTE: hurries – hurrying – hurried) years old. My grandfather will be a hurry up phrasal verb to go or do hundred next month. Do I have to tell something faster Hurry up – we’ll be you a hundred times to stop that noise? late for the film. Can’t you get the (NOTE: In numbers hundred does not cook to hurry up? I’m getting hungry! change and is followed by and when hurt /h t/ verb to have pain, or to cause hurt reading: 491 = four hundred and nine- someone to feel pain My tooth hurts. ty-one; 102 = a hundred and two. Note No one was badly hurt in the accident. also: a hundred and one (101), three Where did you hurt yourself? (NOTE: hundred and six (306) but the hun- dred and first (101st), the three hun- hurts – hurting – hurt) dred and sixth (306th), etc.) hun- husband / h zbənd/ noun a man to husband dreds of very many Hundreds of whom a woman is married Her hus- birds were killed by the cold weather. band is Scottish. He’s the doctor’s Hundreds of people caught flu last win- husband. ter. They came in their hundreds to hut /h t/ noun a small rough wooden hut visit the grave. house hundredth / h ndrədθ/ adjective relat- hundredth hygiene / had i n/ noun the science of hygiene ing to number 100 in a series Tomor- being and keeping things clean row is his hundredth birthday. hygienic /ha d i nk/ adjective clean hygienic hung /h ŋ/ past tense and past participle hung and safe because all germs have been of hang destroyed hungry / h ŋ ri/ adjective feeling that hungry hyphen / haf(ə)n/ noun a printing sign This is trial version hyphen you need to eat You must be hungry (-) used to show that two words are after that game of football. I’m not very hungry – I had a big lunch. Hur- joined www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 162 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM I identity /a dentti/ noun someone’s i /a/, I noun the ninth letter of the alpha- i identity name and personal details He bet, between H and J changed his identity when he went to I1 /a/ pronoun used by a speaker when I work for the secret services. talking about himself or herself She idle / ad(ə)l/ adjective not doing any- idle said, ‘I can do it’, and she did it. He thing He’s the idlest man I know – he told me I could go home early. She never does any work at all. and I come from the same town. I said if /f/ conjunction 1. showing what might I was going to be late. (NOTE: When it is if the object of a verb, I becomes me: I happen If it freezes tonight, the paths gave it to him – he gave it to me; I hit will be slippery tomorrow. If I’m in him – he hit me. When it follows the London, I’ll come and see you. If he verb be, I usually becomes me: Who is had told me you were ill, I’d have come it? – It’s me!) to see you in hospital. If I won the lot- tery, I would take a long holiday. 2. used I /a/ noun the Roman numeral for one or 2 I in asking questions Do you know if first King Charles I the plane is late? I was wondering if ice /as/ noun water which is frozen and ice you would like to have some tea. has become solid When water freezes, ignorance /  nərəns/ noun a state of ignorance it turns into ice. Would you like ice in not knowing to keep someone in ig- your drink? (NOTE: no plural: some ice, norance of something not to tell some- a lump of ice) one about something The soldiers ice cream /as kri m/ noun a frozen ice cream were deliberately kept in ignorance of sweet food made from cream and fruit, the dangers facing them. chocolate, nuts, etc. ignorant /  nərənt/ adjective not ignorant icy / asi/ adjective covered with ice Be icy knowing anything careful, the pavement is icy. ignore / nɔ / verb not to notice some- ignore idea /a də/ noun a thought which you idea one or something deliberately She ig- have about something nored the red light and just drove ideal /a dəl/ adjective perfect; extreme- straight through. When we met he just ideal ignored me. ly suitable This is the ideal site for a ill /l/ adjective sick; not well Stress can ill factory. The cottage is an ideal place make you ill. If you’re feeling ill you for birdwatching. ought to see a doctor. to fall ill to be- identical /a dentk(ə)l/ adjective ex- identical come ill She fell seriously ill and we actly the same The twins wore identi- thought she was going to die. to be cal clothes for the party. Their politi- taken ill to become ill suddenly He cal opinions are identical. was taken ill while on holiday in identify /a dentfa/ verb 1. to recog- identify Greece. nise a person or thing and to be able to illegal / li (ə)l/ adjective against the illegal say who or what they are Can you law It is illegal to serve alcohol to identify what sort of rock this is? She people under 16. was able to identify her attacker. 2. to illegally / li əli/ adverb in an illegal illegally state that something belongs to you This is trial version way Each person was asked to identify his or illness / lnəs/ noun a medical condition illness her baggage. (NOTE: identifies – iden- which makes you unwell She devel- tifying – identified) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 163 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM illustrate 163 imply oped a serious illness. A lot of the staff will receive immediate attention. 2. are absent because of illness. (NOTE: closest, or right next to you He had to share his book with his immediate The plural is illnesses.) neighbour. illustrate / ləstret/ verb to put pictures illustrate immediately / mi dətli/ adverb very immediately into a book The book is illustrated with colour photographs of birds. soon, or very soon after an event He got my letter, and wrote back immedi- illustration / lə streʃ(ə)n/ noun a pic- illustration ately. As soon as he heard the news he ture in a book The book has 25 colour immediately phoned his wife. illustrations. immoral / mɒrəl/ adjective not follow- immoral image / md / noun 1. a picture of image ing the usual principles of good behav- someone or something I want the por- iour trait to be a faithful image of my mother. impact1 / mp kt/ noun 1. a strong ef- impact 2. a picture produced by something such as a mirror or a computer The mirror fect The TV documentary had an throws an image onto the paper. Can strong impact on the viewers. 2. an in- this software handle images in that for- stance of two things coming together mat? Can you adjust the projector? with force The car was totally The image on the screen is out of focus. crushed by the impact of the collision. on impact as soon as contact is made imaginary / m d n(ə)ri/ adjective imaginary The plane burst into flames on impact not real; part of a story with the ground. imagination / m d  neʃ(ə)n/ noun imagination impact2 /m p kt/ verb to impact on impact the ability to think of things that are not something to have a strong effect on part of your own immediate life She something The fall in the value of the let her imagination run riot in her sto- currency will impact strongly on busi- ries for children. nesses. imagine / m d n/ verb to think of imagine impatience /m peʃ(ə)ns/ noun a lack impatience something that is not part of your own of the ability to wait for things in a calm immediate life Imagine yourself sit- way ting on a beach in the hot sun. She impatient /m peʃ(ə)nt/ adjective una- impatient thought she had heard footsteps, and then decided she had imagined it. ble to wait for something in a calm way; in a hurry to do something We were all imitate / mtet/ verb to copy some- imitate impatient for the film to start. He’s thing or someone The company imi- very impatient with anyone who works tates its competitors by making very slowly. similar products. í to behave as some- impatiently /m peʃ(ə)ntli/ adverb in impatiently one else does, often to make other peo- ple laugh He made us all laugh by im- an impatient way itating the head teacher’s way of walk- implication / mpl keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. implication ing. the possible effect of an action What imitation / m teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a copy imitation will be the implications of the election made of something 2. an act of copying results for public spending? 2. with the someone’s behaviour in order to make fact of being involved in a crime or other people laugh She does a very something that is morally wrong The good imitation of the Queen. í adjec- newspaper revealed his implication in tive made to appear to be something else the affair of the stolen diamonds. 3. a more valuable a necklace of imitation suggestion that something such as a crit- pearls The bag is made of imitation icism is true although it has not been ex- leather. pressed directly I resent the implica- tion that I knew anything about the re- immediate / mi diət/ adjective 1. very immediate This is trial version port in advance. soon He wrote an immediate letter of imply /m pla/ verb to suggest some- imply complaint. You didn’t expect an im- mediate reply, did you? Your order thing without saying it directly He im- www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 164 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM impolite 164 inch plied that he knew where the papers had service will improve. It poured down been hidden. The lawyer implied that all morning, but in the afternoon the the witness had not in fact seen the acci- weather improved a little. dent take place. (NOTE: implies – im- improvement /m pru vmənt/ noun 1. improvement plying – implied) a process of becoming better, or of mak- impolite / mpə lat/ adjective rude; not impolite ing something better There has been polite no improvement in the train service import /m pɔ t/ verb to bring goods into import since we complained. 2. a change that you make so that something is better a country The company imports tele- vision sets from Japan. This car was than before They carried out some im- imported from France. provements to the house. We are plan- ning some home improvements such as a importance /m pɔ təns/ noun the fact importance new kitchen. The new software is a of being important Do not attach too great improvement on the old version. much importance to what he says. The in /n/ preposition, adverb 1. used for bank attaches great importance to the in deal. showing place He lives in the country. important /m pɔ tənt/ adjective 1. important In Japan it snows a lot during the win- ter. She’s in the kitchen. He’s still in having a great effect; mattering very much It’s important to be in time for bed. Don’t stand outside in the pour- the interview. I have to go to London ing rain. 2. at home, in an office, at a for an important meeting. He left a file station Is the boss in? He isn’t in containing important papers in the taxi. yet. My husband usually gets in from 2. (of a person) in a high position He work about now. The train from Bir- has an important job. She’s an impor- mingham is due in at 6.30. 3. used for tant government official. He was pro- showing time In autumn the leaves moted to a more important position. turn brown. On holiday there was impossible /m pɒsb(ə)l/ adjective nothing to do in the evenings. She was impossible born in 1999. He ate his meal in five which cannot be done It’s impossible minutes. We went for a skiing holiday to do all this work in two hours. Get- in January. 4. used for showing time in ting skilled staff is becoming impossible. the future I’ll be back home in about impress /m pres/ verb to make some- impress two hours. She should arrive in twenty one feel admiration or respect Her minutes’ time. 5. fashionable This rapid response to the request impressed year, short skirts are in. 6. used for her boss. She was impressed by his showing a state or appearance He was skill with the paintbrush. The military dressed in black. She ran outside in government organised the display to im- her dressing gown. We’re in a hurry. press the neighbouring states. The words are set out in alphabetical impression /m preʃ(ə)n/ noun an ef- impression order. fect on someone’s mind Blue walls inability / nə blti/ noun the state of inability create an impression of coldness. The being unable to do something His in- exhibition made a strong impression on ability to make decisions causes prob- her. lems. impressive /m presv/ adjective im- impressive inch /ntʃ/ noun a measure of length inch pressing people He had a series of im- pressive wins in the chess tournament. equal to 2.54 centimetres a three-and- The government staged an impressive a-half-inch disk Snow lay six inches display of military hardware. deep on the ground. She is five foot six improve /m pru v/ verb 1. to make improve inches tall (5’6’’). foot (NOTE: The plural is inches. With numbers inch is something better We are trying to im- This is trial version usually written with the symbol ": a 3½’’ prove our image with a series of TV disk; He is 5’ 9’’.; say: ‘a three and a commercials. 2. to get better The gen- eral manager has promised that the bus half inch disk’, ‘He’s five foot nine’) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 165 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM incident 165 indoor incident / nsd(ə)nt/ noun 1. some- independence / nd pendəns/ noun incident independence thing which happens, especially some- 1. freedom from rule by another country thing unpleasant Last year six hun- The colony achieved independence dred incidents of oil pollution were re- ten years ago. Scotland is aiming for ported. 2. a violent action or independence in the next few years. 2. a disturbance that occurs somewhere state of not needing help from anyone There were several incidents during the else She’s eighteen and is looking for- demonstration. ward to a life of independence from her incidentally / ns dent(ə)li/ adverb incidentally family. used for mentioning something new in a independent / nd pendənt/ adjective independent conversation 1. free, not ruled by anyone else Slov- include /n klu d/ verb to count some- include enia has been independent since 1991. one or something along with others 2. not owned by a group, not controlled The waiter did not include service in the by the state The big chains are forcing bill. The total is £140, not including the independent shops to close down. 3. insurance and handling charges. not needing help from anyone else There were 120 people at the wedding if She’s eighteen and wants to be inde- you include the children. pendent of her family. including /n klu dŋ/ preposition tak- including index / ndeks/ noun 1. a list, usually in index ing something together with something alphabetical order, showing the pages else The total comes to £25.00 includ- on which different subjects appear in a ing VAT. book Look up the references to Lon- income / nk m/ noun an amount of income don in the index. (NOTE: The plural in money which you receive, especially as this sense is indexes) 2. a regular re- pay for your work Their weekly in- port which shows rises and falls in come is not really enough to live on. things such as prices and unemployment incorrect / nkə rekt/ adjective wrong, incorrect The economic indices look very prom- not correct ising at the moment. (NOTE: The plural in this sense is indices) increase1 /n kri s/ noun an instance of increase indicate / ndket/ verb to show some- indicate something becoming larger an in- crease in tax or a tax increase an in- thing Can you indicate the position of crease in the cost of living the enemy camp on this map? The lat- increase2 / nkri s/ verb 1. to rise or to est figures indicate a fall in the number increase of unemployed men. grow The price of oil has increased twice in the past year. 2. to make a level indignant /n d nənt/ adjective feel- indignant or amount higher The boss increased ing offended or angry because of an un- her salary. Rail fares have been in- fair situation I was really indignant creased by 10%. when I found out how much my col- increased /n kri st/ adjective larger or increased league earned. higher than before These increased indirectly / nd rektli/ adverb not di- indirectly rail fares mean that we cannot afford to rectly travel so much. individual / nd vd uəl/ noun a single individual increasingly /n kri sŋli/ adverb more increasingly person We welcome private individu- and more He found it increasingly dif- als as well as groups. í adjective sin- ficult to keep up with the workload at the gle, for a particular person We treat office. His future with the company each individual case on its merits. We looks increasingly doubtful. provide each member of the tour group indeed /n di d/ adverb (for emphasis) indeed with an individual itinerary. This is trial version really Thank you very much indeed indoor / ndɔ / adjective inside a build- indoor for inviting me to stay. They have been very kind indeed to their daughter. ing an indoor swimming pool www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 166 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM indoors 166 initial indoors /n dɔ z/ adverb inside a build- fluence of alcohol. í verb to make indoors someone or something change She ing Let’s go indoors. Mum was in- was deeply influenced by her old teach- doors, reading. er. The moon influences the tides. industrial /n d striəl/ adjective relat- industrial The price of oil has influenced the price ing to the production of goods The of industrial goods. Midlands is the main industrial region inform /n fɔ m/ verb to tell someone inform in Britain. something officially Have you in- industry / ndəstri/ noun the production industry formed the police that your watch has of goods and the provision of services, been stolen? I regret to inform you or the companies involved in this activi- that your father has died. We are ty Oil is a key industry. The car in- pleased to inform you that your offer dustry has had a good year. The gov- has been accepted. ernment is helping industry to sell more informal /n fɔ m(ə)l/ adjective 1. re- informal products abroad. The tourist industry laxed, not formal Dress casually – the brings in a lot of foreign currency. party will be informal. The guide gave (NOTE: The plural is industries.) us an informal talk on the history of the infamous / nfəməs/ adjective famous infamous castle. 2. (of language) used when talk- for being bad or unpleasant Tourists ing to friends and family were warned not to go near the infa- information / nfə meʃ(ə)n/ noun a information mous back street moneychangers. set of facts about something She infant / nfənt/ noun a young baby infant couldn’t give the police any information infatuation /n f tjueʃ(ə)n/ noun a infatuation about how the accident happened. sudden strong feeling of love for some- She gave me a very useful piece or bit of one, especially someone you do not information. For further information, know very well or someone who does please write to Department 27. not love you informed /n fɔ md/ adjective having a informed infect /n fekt/ verb to pass on a disease infect lot of information, or having the latest or infection to someone He was in- information fected with the disease when he was infuriate /n fjυəriet/ verb to make infuriate abroad on holiday. someone very angry Slow service in infection /n fekʃən/ noun a disease infection restaurants always infuriates him. which spreads from one person to an- ingenious /n d i niəs/ adjective very ingenious other Her throat infection keeps com- clever It was an ingenious plan. ing back. He was sneezing and ingredient /n ri diənt/ noun a materi- ingredient spreading infection to other people in al or substance which you use to make the office. She seems to catch every lit- something Make sure you’ve got all tle infection there is. your ingredients together before you infectious /n fekʃəs/ adjective (of an infectious start cooking. illness or an emotion such as fear ) inhabit /n h bt/ verb to live in a place inhabit likely to be passed from one person to another This strain of flu is highly in- inhabitant /n h bt(ə)nt/ noun a per- inhabitant fectious. He’s a great music teacher son who lives in a particular place and his enthusiasm for jazz is very infec- initial / nʃ(ə)l/ adjective first The in- initial tious. itial stage of the project went off infinitive /n fntv/ noun the basic infinitive smoothly. My initial reaction was to form of a verb, usually shown with ‘to’ say ‘no’. He started the business with influence / nfluəns/ noun the ability to influence an initial sum of £500. í verb to write change someone or something; an effect the first letters of your name on a docu- He has had a good influence on the ment to show you have read and ap- This is trial version other staff in the department. The in- proved it Can you initial each page of fluence of the moon on the tides. He the contract to show that you have ap- was charged with driving under the in- proved it? Please initial the agree- www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 167 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM initially 167 instance ment at the place marked with an X. various branches is fed automatically into the head office computer. (NOTE: initials – initialling – ini- tialled) inquiry /n kwaəri/ noun 1. a formal in- inquiry initially / nʃ(ə)li/ adverb at the begin- initially vestigation into a problem a govern- ment inquiry into the police force A ning Initially we didn’t like the new public inquiry will be held about plans flat, but we have got used to it now. to build another airport. 2. a question initiative / nʃətv/ noun a decision initiative about something I refer to your in- which is intended to solve a problem quiry of May 25th. All inquiries The government has proposed various should be addressed to this department. initiatives to get the negotiations mov- He made an inquiry about trains to ing again. Edinburgh. (NOTE: also spelt enquiry. injection /n d ekʃən/ noun the act of injection The plural is inquiries.) putting a liquid into the body using a insect / nsekt/ noun a small animal insect needle The doctor gave him a flu in- with six legs and a body in three parts jection. A butterfly is a kind of insect. Insects injure / nd ə/ verb to cause pain or injure have eaten the leaves of the cabbages. damage to a part of the body He in- She was stung by an insect. jured his back playing rugby. He was insert1 /n s t/ verb to put something insert badly injured in a car accident. inside something else She inserted injured / nd əd/ noun hurt The in- injured another sentence into the letter. He in- jured girl had fallen off her bike. serted each leaflet into an envelope. Insert a coin into the slot. injury / nd əri/ noun damage to your injury insert2 / ns t/ noun a paper which is insert body He never really recovered from put inside something The invitation his football injury. She received se- card had an insert with a map showing vere back injuries in the accident. how to get to the hotel. (NOTE: The plural is injuries.) inside /n sad/ adverb in a house or oth- inside ink /ŋk/ noun the liquid in a pen ink He er building Come on inside – it’s cold has ink marks on his shirt. The ink in the street. It rained all afternoon, won’t come off the tablecloth. She so we just sat inside and watched TV. wrote comments on his work in red ink. Is there anyone there? – The house inland / nlənd/ adverb away from the inland seems quite dark inside. í preposition coast of a country If you go inland in There was nothing inside the bottle. from the port, you soon get into the for- She was sitting inside the car, reading est. a book. I’ve never been inside his of- inn /n/ noun a small hotel inn fice. inner / nə/ adjective inside insist /n sst/ verb to state firmly He inner insist Go through that arch and you will come to insisted that he had never touched the the inner courtyard. Heat is conduct- car. She insisted that she should be ed from the inner to the outer layer of paid compensation for the delay. the material. inspect /n spekt/ verb to look at some- inspect innocent / nəs(ə)nt/ adjective not innocent thing closely She inspected the room to see if it had been cleaned properly. guilty He was found to be innocent of inspector /n spektə/ noun a senior of- the crime. In English law, the accused inspector is always presumed to be innocent until ficial who examines something closely he is proved to be guilty. install /n stɔ l/ verb to put a piece of install innovative / nəvetv/ adjective new innovative equipment into the place where it will in a way that has not been tried before operate It took the plumber a week to a very innovative design This is trial version install the new central heating system. input / npυt/ noun information that is instance / nstəns/ noun an example input instance put into a computer The input from the There have been several instances of www.adultpdf.com

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