Ebook Animal behavior for shelter veterinarians and staff (2/E): Part 1

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Part 1 book "Animal behavior for shelter veterinarians and staff" includes content: Introduction to dog behavior, introduction to cat behavior, how animals learn, the relationship between physiology and behavior in dogs and cats, safety net programs, dog behavior and relinquishment to shelters, management of community cats, handling shelter dogs, assessing the behavior of shelter dogs, canine housing and husbandry for behavioral well being, canine enrichment, training and behavior modification for shelter dogs, play and playgroups.

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Animal Behavior for Shelter Veterinarians and Staff
Animal Behavior for Shelter Veterinarians and Staff Edited by Brian A. DiGangi, DVM, MS, DABVP Senior Director, Shelter Medicine Shelter & Veterinary Services ASPCA® Gainesville, FL, USA Victoria A. Cussen, PhD, CAAB Senior Director, Applied Behavior Research Behavioral Sciences Team ASPCA® Seattle, WA, USA Pamela J. Reid, PhD, CAAB Vice President Behavioral Sciences Team ASPCA® Hendersonville, NC, USA Kristen A. Collins, MS, ACAAB Vice President, Behavioral Rehabilitation Services ASPCA® Mars Hill, NC, USA Second Edition
This second edition published 2022 © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Brian A. DiGangi, Victoria A. Cussen, Pamela J. Reid, and Kristen A. Collins to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Editorial Office 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www. wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print- n- emand. Some content that appears in o d standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: DiGangi, Brian A., 1980– editor. | Cussen, Victoria A., 1979– editor. | Reid, Pamela, 1960– editor. | Collins, Kristen A., 1976– editor. Title: Animal behavior for shelter veterinarians and staff / editors, Brian A. DiGangi, Victoria A. Cussen, Pamela J. Reid, Kristen A. Collins. Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2022. | Preceded by: Animal behavior for shelter veterinarians and staff / editors, Emily Weiss, Heather Mohan-Gibbons, Stephen Zawistowski. 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022016280 (print) | LCCN 2022016281 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119618478 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119618492 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119618508 (epub) Subjects: MESH: Behavior, Animal–physiology | Veterinary Medicine–methods | Animal Welfare | Cats | Dogs | Human-Animal Interaction Classification: LCC SF412.5 (print) | LCC SF412.5 (ebook) | NLM SF 756.7 | DDC 636.088/7–dc23/eng/20220412 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022016280 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022016281 Cover Design: Wiley Cover Images: Courtesy of Brian A. DiGangi, Dana K. Trotta, Rachel Maso Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India
v Contents List of Contributors viii Foreword xi Acknowledgments xii About the Companion Website xiii Part I Foundations in Behavioral Health Introduction 3 1 Introduction to Dog Behavior 5 Julie Hecht and Alexandra Horowitz 2 Introduction to Cat Behavior 30 Julia D. Albright, Christine Calder, and Amy Learn 3 How Animals Learn 53 Haleh Amanieh and Nicole R. Dorey 4 The Relationship between Physiology and Behavior in Dogs and Cats 67 Valarie V. Tynes, Colleen S. Koch, and Leslie Sinn Part II Pets in the Community 5 Safety Net Programs 113 Erin Doyle and Seana Dowling- uyer G 6 Dog Behavior and Relinquishment to Shelters 133 Janis Bradley and Gary J. Patronek 7 Management of Community Cats 153 Margaret R. Slater
vi Contents Part III Dogs in the Shelter 8 Handling Shelter Dogs 179 Trish McMillan and Kristina Spaulding 9 Assessing the Behavior of Shelter Dogs 205 Pamela J. Reid 10 Canine Housing and Husbandry for Behavioral Well- eing 236 B Stephanie Janeczko, Lila Miller, and Stephen Zawistowski 11 Canine Enrichment 263 Lisa Gunter and Erica Feuerbacher 12 Training and Behavior Modification for Shelter Dogs 288 Pamela J. Reid and Tristan Rehner- leurant F 13 Play and Playgroups 317 Lindsay R. Mehrkam Part IV Cats in the Shelter 14 Handling Shelter Cats 351 Brenda Griffin 15 Feline Behavioral Assessment 384 Jacklyn J. Ellis 16 Feline Housing for Behavioral Well- eing 404 B Chumkee Aziz 17 Feline Enrichment 423 Jacklyn J. Ellis, Katherine Miller, and Katie Watts 18 Training and Behavior Modification for Shelter Cats 445 Wailani Sung and Jeannine Berger Part V Special Topics 19 Welfare and Ethical Decision- aking 479 M Victoria A. Cussen and Brian A. DiGangi
Contents vii 20 Behavioral Care during Transportation and Relocation 504 Brian A. DiGangi and Karen S. Walsh 21 Behavioral Care of Animals in Disasters, Cruelty Cases, and Long- erm Holds 534 T Victoria A. Cussen, Bridget Schoville, and Pamela J. Reid 22 Behavioral Pharmacology 564 Sara L. Bennett 23 Caring for Small Mammals 599 Elise Gingrich 24 Equine Care 613 Sue McDonnell 25 Animal Placement and Follow- p 634 U Alexandra Protopopova and Kelley Bollen Appendix A Canine Body Language 659 Appendix B Feline Body Language 664 Appendix C Animal Behavior Professionals 669 Index 672
viii List of Contributors Julia D. Albright, MA, DVM, DACVB Janis Bradley, MA Associate Professor of Veterinary Behavior Director of Communications & Publications Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences National Canine Research Council University of Tennessee Stanford, CA, USA Knoxville, TN, USA Christine Calder, DVM, DACVB Haleh Amanieh, MS Clinical Veterinary Behaviorist Graduate Student Calder Veterinary Behavior Services Department of Psychology Portland, OR, USA West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA Victoria A. Cussen, PhD, CAAB Senior Director, Applied Behavior Research Chumkee Aziz, DVM, DABVP (Shelter Medicine Behavioral Sciences Team Practice) ASPCA® Outreach Veterinarian Seattle, WA, USA University of California, Davis, USA Koret Shelter Medicine Program Brian A. DiGangi, DVM, MS, DABVP (Canine & Houston, TX, USA Feline Practice, Shelter Medicine Practice) Sara L. Bennett, DVM, MS, DACVB Senior Director, Shelter Medicine Clinical Assistant Professor of Veterinary Shelter & Veterinary Services Behavior ASPCA® College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA North Carolina State University Nicole R. Dorey, PhD, CAAB Raleigh, NC, USA Senior Lecturer Jeannine Berger, DVM, DACVB, DACAW, Department of Psychology CAWA University of Florida Senior VP Rescue and Welfare Gainesville, FL, USA San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) Seana Dowling- uyer, MS G San Francisco, CA, USA Associate Director, Center for Shelter Dogs Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy Kelley Bollen, MS, CABC Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Principal Consultant at Tufts University Kelley Bollen Consulting, LLC North Grafton, MA, USA Reno, NV, USA
L ist of Contributors ix Erin Doyle, DVM, DABVP (Shelter Medicine Alexandra Horowitz, PhD Practice) Senior Research Fellow Senior Director, Shelter Medicine & Residency Adjunct Associate Professor Programs Department of Psychology Shelter & Veterinary Services Barnard College ASPCA® NY, USA Needham, MA, USA Stephanie Janeczko, DVM, MS, DABVP (Canine & Feline Practice, Shelter Medicine Practice), CAWA Jacklyn J. Ellis, MRes, PhD, CAAB Vice President, Shelter Medicine Services Director, Behaviour Shelter & Veterinary Services Toronto Humane Society ASPCA® Toronto, Ontario, Canada NY, USA Erica Feuerbacher, PhD, CAAB, CPDT- A, K Colleen S. Koch, DVM, DACVB BCBA-D Veterinary Behavior Consultant Associate Professor, Applied Animal Lincoln Land Animal Clinic, LTD, Animal Behavior & Welfare Behavior Service Department of Animal and Poultry Science Jacksonville, IL, USA Virginia Tech Amy Learn, VMD Blacksburg, VA, USA Chief of Clinical Behavioral Medicine Animal Behavior Wellness Center Elise Gingrich, DVM, MPH, MS, DACVPM, DABVP Richmond, VA, USA (Shelter Medicine Practice) Senior Director, Shelter Medicine Sue McDonnell, MA, PhD, CAAB Shelter & Veterinary Services Adjunct Professor of Reproductive Behavior ASPCA® Head, Equine Behavior Program Fort Collins, CO, USA University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Brenda Griffin, DVM, MS, DACVIM, DABVP (Shelter Kennett Square, PN, USA Medicine Practice) Adjunct Associate Professor Trish McMillan, MSc, CPDT- A, CDBC K College of Veterinary Medicine Owner University of Florida McMillan Animal Behavior, LLC Gainesville, FL, USA Mars Hill, NC, USA Lindsay R. Mehrkam, PhD, BCBA- D Lisa Gunter, PhD, CBCC- A K Assistant Professor Maddie’s Fund Research Fellow Department of Psychology Department of Psychology Monmouth University Arizona State University West Long Branch, NJ, USA Tempe, AZ, USA Katherine Miller, PhD, CAAB Julie Hecht, MSc Senior Director, Learning Lab PhD Candidate Policy, Response & Engagement Department of Psychology ASPCA® The Graduate Center, CUNY Weaverville, NC, USA NY, USA
x L ist of Contributors Lila Miller, BS, DVM Margaret R. Slater, DVM, PhD Retired Vice President Senior Director, Research ASPCA® Strategy & Research NY, USA ASPCA® Northampton, MA, USA Gary J. Patronek, VMD, PhD Adjunct Professor Kristina Spaulding, PhD, CAAB Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy Educator, Behaviour Consultant, and Owner Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Smart Dog Training and Behavior, LLC Tufts University Saratoga Springs, NY, USA North Grafton, MA, USA Wailani Sung, MS, PhD, DVM, DACVB Alexandra Protopopova, PhD Director of Behavior and Welfare Programs Assistant Professor, NSERC/BC SPCA Industrial San Francisco SPCA Research Chair in Animal Welfare San Francisco, CA, USA Animal Welfare Program Valarie V. Tynes, DVM, DACVB, DACAW The University of British Columbia Veterinary Services Specialist Vancouver, Canada Ceva Animal Health Tristan Rehner-Fleurant, MS, CPDT-KA, Lenexa, KS, USA CBCC-KA Premier Veterinary Behavior Consulting Senior Director, Behavior Rehabilitation Sweetwater, TX, USA Policy, Response & Engagement Karen S. Walsh, CAWA, LVMT, CFE ASPCA® Senior Director, Animal Relocation Weaverville, NC, USA Shelter & Veterinary Services ASPCA® Pamela J. Reid, PhD, CAAB Dunlap, TN, USA Vice President Behavioral Sciences Team Katie Watts, MAT ASPCA® Former Senior Feline Behavior Counselor Hendersonville, NC, USA ASPCA® Adoption Center NY, USA Bridget Schoville, MS Senior Director, Shelter Behavior Science Stephen Zawistowski, PhD, CAAB Emeritus Behavioral Sciences Team Adjunct Professor ASPCA® Hunter College Madison, WI, USA Chelsea, MI, USA Leslie Sinn, DVM, DACVB, CPDT- A K Veterinary Behavior Clinician and Consultant Behavior Solutions, LLC Ashburn, VA, USA
xi F oreword The field of applied shelter animal welfare is Director of Applied Behavior Research for the undergoing rapid change, and it is an exciting ASPCA’s Behavioral Sciences Team. With exper- time to witness the progress. Since we edited tise in comparative cognition and canine behav- the first edition of Animal Behavior for Shelter ior, she has a deep understanding of the scientific Veterinarians and Staff, several developments literature on animal behavior topics. Dr. Pam drove rapid advancement in the field. In 2015, Reid serves as Vice President of the ASPCA’s the first shelter medicine veterinary specialists Behavioral Sciences Team. She provides special- were certified while we were writing the first ized behavioral services, expertise in humane edition. Once published, that textbook became animal handling, behavioral evaluations, place- required reading for their certification pro- ment, and euthanasia recommendations for gram. Those specialists, along with other sci- cruelty cases. Kristen Collins is an Associate entists, have greatly expanded the literature on Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, and as applied behavioral health of dogs and cats Vice President of the ASPCA Behavioral since then. Additionally, shelters are changing. Rehabilitation Center, she oversees all programs The number of dogs and cats entering shelters and operations with drive and compassion. continues to decline, and dogs and cats receiv- Together, this revision will be an exemplary con- ing behavioral interventions have increased. tribution to the field of shelter medicine and ani- This is likely due to a shift in the population of mal behavior. animals coming into shelters, an increase in This textbook will be a key resource for shel- available resources (kennel space, staff, etc.) to ter professionals. Like the first edition, this support that population, as well as what you content was written and edited by top leaders will see in this textbook: a growing sophistica- in the field. There are several new topics tack- tion of programs and processes to support the led in this text that will have a positive impact behavioral health of the shelter population. on thousands of sheltering professionals, from The editors in this edition bring incredible science- riven guidance when making deci- d depth and expertise to this book. All four editors sions regarding behavioral well- eing, to best b have decades of experience working in animal practices during transportation of animals, to a welfare. Dr. Brian DiGangi is the Senior Director focus on behavioral health for dogs and cats of Shelter Medicine at the ASPCA. Being dual that are victims of cruelty or disaster, and board certified in Canine and Feline Practice much more. We look forward to seeing this edi- and Shelter Medicine Practice allows him to tion published and used. bring a unique perspective and deep expertise to this body of work. Dr. Victoria Cussen is a Heather Mohan- ibbons, RVT, MS, ACAAB G Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist and Senior Emily Weiss, PhD
xii A cknowledgments First, we would like to thank the authors and process. Ms. Rachel Maso assisted in managing editors of the first edition of Animal Behavior this project and enthusiastically took on the for Shelter Veterinarians and Staff. Dr. Emily unenviable tasks of handling contracts and Weiss, Ms. Heather Mohan- ibbons, and Dr. G accounting. Ms. Laura Nelson assisted with Stephen Zawistowski astutely recognized the preparation of figures, and Carey Parrack pro- need for and importance of a book like this to vided administrative support, allowing us to further the progression of animal sheltering, focus on content and manuscript preparation. and their work has laid a solid foundation on Finally, we would like to acknowledge the which we were able to capitalize. Their ASPCA’s Executive Leadership Team, particu- enthusiasm and advice as they handed over larly Ms. Bert Troughton, Ms. Stacy Wolf, and the reins for the second edition were much our CEO, Mr. Matt Bershadker, for recognizing appreciated. the value a project like this brings to the field We would also like to acknowledge the sup- of animal welfare at- arge and allowing us to l port and encouragement of our colleagues. devote time to the effort. Drs. Lila Miller, Stephanie Janeczko, Chumkee Aziz, Erin Doyle, and Elise Gingrich provided Brian A. DiGangi thoughtful input on content, played roles as Victoria A. Cussen guest editors, and, perhaps most invaluable, Pamela J. Reid served as sounding boards throughout the Kristen A. Collins
xiii A bout the Companion Website This book is accompanied by a companion website: www.wiley.com/go/digangi/animal The website includes: ●● Appendices – downloadable PDFs from the book ●● Videos – demonstrations of concepts and techniques presented by the authors
1 Part I Foundations in Behavioral Health
3 Introduction “Everyone is on the behavior team.” That is the five sections intended to present an evidence- philosophy of the ASPCA’s Behavioral based approach to the current knowledge of Rehabilitation Center, a purpose- uilt facility b animal behavior in animal shelters. Section 1: designed to house, care for, and treat dogs with Foundations in Behavioral Health extreme fear. However, this philosophy is also addresses fundamental concepts important for applicable outside a specialized rehabilitation the application of the principles explored in facility, even when staffing structure, roles, the subsequent sections and features a new and responsibilities vary. This approach recog- chapter to introduce the reader to learning nizes that all shelter personnel have important theory (Chapter 3). Section 2: Pets in the insights and impacts on the behavior and wel- Community describes the implications of fare of animals. A collaborative approach to community- ide programs on the behavioral w sheltering— rom intake to outcome and every- f health of shelter animals and features a timely thing in between— epresenting the perspec- r new chapter on safety net programs to prevent tives of medical, behavior, and operations team pet relinquishment (Chapter 5). Section 3: members, can result in enhanced delivery of Dogs in the Shelter and Section 4: Cats in care and ultimately improve the entirety of the the Shelter have each been expanded to sheltering experience for the animals and accommodate the ever- rowing knowledge g humans involved. base in topics that were presented together in The topics, contributors, and scope of con- the first edition. Chapters dedicated solely to tent throughout this book have been chosen advances in animal handling (Chapters 8 and designed to highlight the interplay of all and 14), behavior assessment (Chapters 9 animal care team members toward a shared and 15), and housing (Chapter 10 and 16) for goal of happy, healthy pets enriching the lives dogs and cats will focus on practical applica- of their humans. The reader will find authors tions of both old and new concepts. In addi- with expertise in animal training, applied tion, Section 3 also features an entire chapter behavior, operations and programs, veterinary on the science and impact of play in dogs along behavior, shelter medicine, and research— nd a with guidance for the successful, humane in many cases authors have been intentionally operation of playgroups (Chapter 13). paired to present as broad a perspective as pos- Section 5: Special Topics encompasses a vari- sible on each topic. ety of timely and important topics with direct Building upon the foundations laid in the implications on animal health and welfare. first edition, this volume has been divided into New chapters feature frameworks for welfare Animal Behavior for Shelter Veterinarians and Staff, Second Edition. Edited by Brian A. DiGangi, Victoria A. Cussen, Pamela J. Reid, and Kristen A. Collins. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion website: www.wiley.com/go/digangi/animal
4 Introduction assessment and ethical decision- aking m library is available to demonstrate many of the (Chapter 19) and consider programming with conditions, concepts, and techniques pre- particular impact on behavioral health such as sented by the authors. General appendices pro- animal relocation (Chapter 20) and the behav- vide ethograms of common canine and feline ioral care of animals during disasters, cruelty behaviors as well as a summary of behavior cases, and long- erm holds (Chapter 21). This t professional credentialing requirements. section also includes an expanded discussion Read from cover to cover, consult a chapter of behavioral pharmacology in animal shelters before writing a new protocol, assign a staff (Chapter 22) and introduces concepts in the member to present a chapter at a staff meeting, care of small mammals (Chapter 23) and or build a volunteer training session using horses (Chapter 24). material gleaned from your favorite chapter— The reader is encouraged to use all of the choose whichever means of applying this resources compiled to supplement the material material will most enrich you, the animals, in the text. Chapter appendices offer sample and the people in your circles. After all, there is protocols and checklists that will help put new bound to be something valuable for everyone, knowledge into practice. An online video because everyone is on the behavior team!