Effect of lime, organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties and yield of chilli (Capsicum frutescens l.)

AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 84 – 90<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> EFFECT OF LIME,ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON SOIL<br /> CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF CHILLI (Capsicum frutescens L.)<br /> <br /> Nguyen Van Chuong1<br /> 1<br /> An Giang University, VNU - HCM<br /> <br /> Information:<br /> ABSTRACT<br /> Received: 19/07/2019<br /> Accepted: 14/10/2019 Five treatments (NT1, NT2, NT3, NT4 and NT5) of organic fertilizer<br /> Published: 11/2019 (processed 10 tons cow manure ha-1),liming (3,5 tons ha-1) and three rates<br /> of inorganic fertilizer (NPK:90-60-60 kg ha-1) were evaluated on soil<br /> Keywords:<br /> chemical properties and yield of chilli. Significant effects of processed<br /> Chilli, cow manure, NPK,<br /> liming, cow manure (CM) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK)rates on nutrient<br /> lime, yield.<br /> were obtained. Interaction effects between lime, CM and NPK were<br /> significant. The results indicated that lime, cow manure in combination<br /> with lower doses of balanced inorganic fertilizers led to increases of soil<br /> organic matter, labile soil organic matter and available phosphorous in soil<br /> significantly compared to the control. The maximum yield 1.48 t ha-1 at<br /> NT5 was found under the combined use of 10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO<br /> ha-1+ NPK. It was also observed that some of the soil chemical properties<br /> were significantly influenced by the application of different treatments of<br /> lime and CM while total available N, available P, available K and OM were<br /> significantly affected by the application of both organic and inorganic<br /> fertilizers in different combinations. The chilli yield of treatments with<br /> organic manure, chemical fertilizers; lime, organic manure, and chemical<br /> fertilizers, created a significant difference compared to control treatments.<br /> The results showed that chilli yield increased significantly from 0.302 tons<br /> ha-1at NT3 (only CM) to 1.48 tons ha-1 at NT5 (10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons<br /> CaO ha-1+ NPK).<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. INTRODUCTION consumption as well as for processing and with<br /> Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the its favourable price, there is tremendous<br /> high value commercial crops in An Giang. potential for growers to venture into bird chilli<br /> Chilli is a popular spice of Vietnam, and is in An Giang. Lack of technology for production<br /> presently cultivated widely on a commercial is among the factors limiting cultivation in the<br /> scale in the Mekong delta. The total area under country currently. The An Giang government<br /> chilli cultivation is 1,500 hectares with an recently identified high yielding varieties of<br /> annual production of 7.46 tons. With the chilli suitable for commercial cultivation and<br /> increasing demand for chilli for fresh recommended them as the most suitable for<br /> large scale planting. There is, however, little<br /> <br /> <br /> 84<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 84 – 90<br /> <br /> information on the agronomic requirement of Each of the plots was fertilized with a basal<br /> chilli, both locally and elsewhere. This paper dose of N, P and K at 90:60:60 kg.ha-<br /> presents the nutrient content and responses of 1,(Iruthayaraj & Kulandaivelu,1973).The<br /> chilli to liming, organic and inorganic inorganic fertilizers used were urea, muriate of<br /> fertilizers, with the objective of obtaining potash and single superphosphate. All the lime,<br /> information on the fertilizer requirement for PK and cow manures were applied before<br /> conventional as well as for organic production planting except manurewhich was applied in<br /> of chilli. two split doses. Half the quantity of nitrogen<br /> 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS was applied as a basal dose before planting and<br /> the rest was top dressed 60 days after planting.<br /> Chilli(Capsicum frutescens L.) is AFRICA F1<br /> Observations on plant height, number of tillers<br /> TN 223 of Trang Nong company. The study<br /> and leaves/plant were recorded (at 20, 45, 65<br /> was conducted in My Hoa Hung, Long Xuyen<br /> days and harvest) and the data were statistically<br /> city, An Giang province.The experiment was<br /> analysed. Besides observations on per plant, per<br /> carried out in the field at areas inside the dyke<br /> plot and per hectare yield of fresh fruits were<br /> with 5 treatments:NT1:applied belong to<br /> recorded and statistically analysed.<br /> farmers (NPK:90-60-60 kg ha-1), NT2 (3.5 tons<br /> CaO ha-1+10 tons cow manure ha-1), NT3(10 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br /> tons cow manure ha-1)NT4 (NPK+10 tons cow The results of pH in soil (Table 1) showed it to<br /> manure ha-1) and NT5 (3.5 tons CaO ha-1+10 be quite suitable for growing chilli (pH = 6.66)<br /> tons cow manure ha-1+NPK) with 4 replicates. (Shakeel et al., 2017).The total nitrogen is<br /> The kind of irrigation water (river water), with average level for chilli (0.188%) (Kramany et<br /> area of each replicate being equivalent to 24m2 al., 2007).The Available Phosphorous is not<br /> (6m x 4m), planted in a single row with quite low level (30.1 mg/100g)(Kramany et al.,<br /> distance of 50cm x 30 cm (three seeds/hole), 2007)but available K and poor organic matter<br /> the distance between plants is 30 cm and row is content (0.153 meq/100g) and (2.08%),<br /> 50 cm. respectively were low.<br /> <br /> Table 1. Soil particle size distribution and chemical characteristics at the first of the experiment<br /> <br /> No. Characters Results<br /> <br /> 1 pHH20 6.66<br /> <br /> 2 Total N(%) 0.118<br /> <br /> 3 Available P (mg/100g) 30.1<br /> <br /> 4 Available K(meq/100g) 0.153<br /> <br /> 5 OM (%) 2.08<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 85<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 84 – 90<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Figure 1 . Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on soil pH before and after of the experiment<br /> <br /> Table 2. Soil total N before and after of the experiment<br /> <br /> Total N (%)<br /> Treatments<br /> Before after<br /> NT1 (Control) 0.144a 0.116c<br /> NT2 0.131b 0.142b<br /> NT3 0.112d 0.113c<br /> NT4 0.131b 0.146b<br /> NT5 0.107e 0.153a<br /> F * *<br /> CV(%) 2.47 1.82<br /> * Values are the mean of four replicates. Means within each column having different letters,are significantly<br /> different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level.<br /> <br /> The results in Figure 1 show that the soil pH Lampan Khurnpoon (2016) showed that organic<br /> before and after the experiment was statistically fertilizer, capable of forming complexes with<br /> different at 5% level. Due to the application of iron and aluminum, which helps to raise soil<br /> 3.5 tons of lime per ha in NT2 (lime+cow pH. In general, pH values in treatments were<br /> manure) and NT5 (lime + cow manure + NPK) relatively suitable for the development of chilli<br /> during the fertilizing stage,the pH values in (Muthukrishman,1986).<br /> these treatments there were higher pH values of Total Nitrogen (N): N is a nutritional element<br /> the soil than before the experiment. Treatments that determines crop yield and the N in each<br /> using organic fertilizers with variable pH values soil type was dependent on the organic content<br /> ranged from 6.53 to 7.69 and were higher than in the soil. The soils that contained high humus,<br /> treatments with pH values of 6.87 (except for had rich N content (Prasad et al.,2009). The<br /> NT4 treatment).Paweena Rungruksatham & result in Table 2 showed that soil total N<br /> <br /> <br /> 86<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 84 – 90<br /> <br /> contents after of the experiment range from N content in soil is not much changed with the<br /> 0.113% (NT3) to 0. 153 in NT5. Total N agricultural system, and the total N treatments<br /> content after the experiment in NT5 was the were average. There were significant<br /> highest compared to other treatments. differences between treatments.<br /> Dobermann et al., (2000) showed that the total<br /> Table 3. Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on available P before and after of the experiment<br /> <br /> Available P (mg/100g)<br /> Treatments<br /> Before after<br /> NT1 (Control) 50.6a 60.7c<br /> NT2 26.6c 97.3a<br /> NT3 19.5e 32.5d<br /> NT4 25.4d 92.7b<br /> NT5 29.6b 92.1b<br /> F * *<br /> CV(%) 2.09 2.87<br /> * Values are the mean of four replicates. Means within each column having different letters, are significantly<br /> different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level.<br /> <br /> Available Phosphorous (P):P is a character of hand, the lowest available potassium was<br /> soil fertility. High P content of soil is rich recorded by only using cow manure with a<br /> fertility soil, and high fertility soil is rich in P highly significant difference when compared to<br /> level (Prasad et al.,2009The results in Table 3 other treatments (Table 4).The available<br /> show that available P in soil before and after the potassium of all treatments was significantly<br /> experiment are significantly different according different according to LSD at 5%.<br /> to LSD at 5% (*) level. The available P in cow The amount of available potassium is often<br /> manure treatments ranged from 32.5 mg/ 100g correlated with the potassium uptake by plants.<br /> soil to 97.3 mg/ 100g soil. The available P In general, the response to K fertilizer is often<br /> content after the experiment in NT2 was the found when the available K content is less than<br /> highest compared to other treatments. Vincent 0.2 meq /100g soil (Landon,1984).<br /> (1986) showed that P content of organic<br /> The data in Table 4 shows that available<br /> fertilizer affects available P over a long period<br /> Potassium in soil samples before and after the<br /> of time because, when mineralized, organic<br /> experiment was significantly different<br /> matter will release P into soil solution, reduce P<br /> according to LSD at 5%.Available potassium<br /> adsorption and increase cell P in soil.<br /> after of soil in all treatments ranged from 0.12<br /> Available Potassium (K):After the experiment, meq / 100g (NT3)to 0.17 meq / 100g<br /> the NT2 treatment had the highest available (NT2).According to Dobermann et al.,(2000),<br /> potassium (0.170 meq/100g). On the other this available K is low to very low levels.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 87<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 84 – 90<br /> Table 4. Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on available K before and after of the experiment<br /> <br /> available K(meq/100g)<br /> Treatments<br /> Before after<br /> NT1 (Control) 0.17a 0.14b<br /> NT2 0.15bc 0.17a<br /> NT3 0.14c 0.12d<br /> NT4 0.16ab 0.13c<br /> NT5 0.17a 0.14b<br /> F * *<br /> CV(%) 7.03 3.09<br /> <br /> * Values are the mean of four replicates. Means within each column having different letters, are significantly<br /> different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level.<br /> <br /> Table 5. Effect of NPK, CM and lime on O.M. of chilli before and after of the experiment<br /> <br /> OM (%)<br /> Treatments<br /> Before After<br /> NT1 2.27a 1.31d<br /> NT2 2.16b 1.63a<br /> NT3 2.08b 1.38c<br /> NT4 2.17b 1.67a<br /> NT5 1.91c 1.53b<br /> F * *<br /> CV(%) 2.99 2.10<br /> * Values are the mean of four replicates. Means within each column having different letters, are significantly<br /> different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level.<br /> <br /> Total Organic Matter (O.M.):The results in The O.M. values of chilli range from 1.91% to<br /> table 5 show that the highest soil organic matter 2.27% and 1.31% to 1.67% before and after the<br /> content (1.67%) after the experiment was experiment, respectively. Many researchers<br /> obtained by the liming combined CM and NPK have confirmed that soil organic matter is a<br /> treatment ,a significant difference with all other nutrient source closely related to soil fertility,<br /> treatments, while the lowest content (1.31%) especially in hot and humid tropical conditions<br /> was obtained by the control treatment (Table 5). (Prasad et al.,2009).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 88<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 84 – 90<br /> Table 6. Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on yield of chilli<br /> <br /> Treatments Yield (ton ha-1)<br /> NT1 1.08c<br /> NT2 0.430d<br /> NT3 0.302e<br /> NT4 1.28b<br /> NT5 1.48a<br /> F *<br /> CV (%) 6.0<br /> * Values are the mean of four replicates. Means within each column having different letters, are significantly<br /> different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level.<br /> <br /> The treatment consisting of NPK along with and ultimately conserved the environment and<br /> cow manure 10 tons ha-1and liming 3.5 ton ha-1 improved sustainability.<br /> (NT5) exhibited the highest yield of fresh (1.48 4. CONCLUSION<br /> tons ha-1). Balanced nutrition of organic and<br /> Liming, cow manure and NPK had significant<br /> inorganic nutrients maintains an optimum ratio<br /> effect on the soil pH, OM, total available N,P<br /> between the nutrients, which is of considerable<br /> K in soil and were higher than that of the<br /> importance in improving the yield. The analysis<br /> control. The application of lime combined with<br /> of variance for yield is presented in Table 6.<br /> cow manure and NPK increased yield of chilli.<br /> Significant effects were obtained for all the cow<br /> On the other hand, the highest soil total<br /> manure, liming and inorganic fertilizer (NPK)<br /> nitrogen percent and available potassium and<br /> applications. Interaction effects were<br /> phosphorous, and organic matter content were<br /> significant. Mean yields obtained are presented<br /> obtained by the lime combined with cow<br /> in Table 5. Yield ha-1 increased significantly<br /> manure and NPK, while the soil available<br /> from 0.302 tons at NT3 to a maximum of 1.48<br /> characters were improved for all treatments.<br /> tons at NT5. All growth parameters were<br /> Additionally, significant differences were<br /> improved when chilli plants received lime and<br /> observed between lime, NPK and cow manure<br /> cow manure. Moreover, a greatincrease of chilli<br /> source treatments.<br /> growth resulted from co-lime with cow manure.<br /> The yield of Chilli increased 5.0 times REFERENCES<br /> compared to the only cow manure treatment Dobermann A. and T. H. Fairhurst (2000).Rice:<br /> and 1.4 times compared to the control treatment Nutrient disorders & nutrient management.<br /> (applying NPK).The treatment consisting of Handbook Series. Potash & Phosphate<br /> NPK along with cow manure 10 tons ha-1and Institute (PPI), Potash & Institute of Canada<br /> liming 3.5 ton ha-1 showed the effect of (PPIC) and International Rice Research<br /> improving soil fertility on productivity clearly. 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