Effective multiplicative formulation for shape optimization: Optimized austin moore stem for hip prosthesis

This developed multiplicative formulation is considered to optimize the Austin-Moore model. The resulting model is called Optimized Austin-Moore (OAM). Considering several daily loading cases, the results show a more uniform stress distribution comparing with the classical solid stem. In addition, a significant increase of the stress levels around the metal/bone interface is obtained, that leads to favorable remodeling process.