Evaluating the total active power loss under different placement of photovoltaic power plants using an effective northern goshawk optimization

This research presents a detailed evaluation of the total active power loss (TAPL) under different placements of photovoltaic power plants (PVPs) in the electric distribution network (EDN) IEEE 33-node. Three study cases have been conducted to serve the initial intention, including 1) optimizing both rated power and position of a PVP on selected EDN; 2) optimizing the positions of different quantities of PVPs independently to the grid with the same rated power, and 3) optimizing a sole PVP with a wide range of rated power.