Hướng dẫn giải bài tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Phần 1

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Tài liệu Bài tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh do Xuân bán biên soạn cung cáp cho người học các kiến thức lý thuyết cơ bản và bài tập vận dụng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh về các thì, sự phối hợp giữa các thì, câu chủ động - câu bị động,... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

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Nội dung Text: Hướng dẫn giải bài tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Phần 1

XUAN BA bAi tap TIENG ANH ii n h A x u a t BAN HA n Oi
XUAN BA BAI TAP ■ NGUf PHAP TIENG ANH nh A x u a t b a n t h e gicji
L O IN O ID A U Cac ban hoc vien than men! De co them tai lieu thiet thUc phuc vu nhu cau hoc tap va luyen thi chiing chi A, B, C tieng Anh ngay cang nhieu cua dong dao cac ban hoc vien, chung toi da bien soan va lan lUdt cho ra mat loat sach gom 13 tap nhu sau: 1. Bai tap Trac Nghiem Tieng Anh trinh do A. B (tap I) 2. Bai tap Trac Nghiem Tieng Anh trinh do C (tap II) 3. Bai tap Doc Hieu Tieng Anh. 4. Bai tap Dien Tti Tieng AnJi. 5. Bai tap Dat Cau Tieng Anh. 6. Bai tap Bien Doi Cau Tieng Anh. 7. Bai tap Cum Dong Tif Tieng Anh. 8. Bai tap Trac Nghiem Gi6i Tu1Tieng Anh. 9. Bai tap Tif Vung Tieng Anh. 10. Cac Bai Luan Tieng Anh. 11. Bai tap Nguf Phap Tieng Anh. 12. Bai tap Thanh NgU Tieng Anh. 13. Bai tap Luyen Viet Tieng A.nh. Loat sach tren co nhulng dac diem cau: Cung cap doi dao so lu!dng bai tap ve cac bai gui dinh doi vdi mon thi Doc - Viet nhu trac nghiem, doc hieu, dien tCf, dat cau v.v............. Moi mot tap sach la mot chuyen de luyen thi rieng re giup ban ren luyen va nam vUng kien thijfc cung nhil kl nang ma moi loai hinh bai tap doi hoi. Cac bai tap dUdc bien soan cho ca 3 trinh do A, B, C theo dung dang thtic de thi cua Bo Giao Due - Dao Tao. Rieng ve Bai Tap Bien Doi Cau Tieng Anh chi co bai tap cho 2 trinh do B va C vi theo m iu de thi A cua Bo khong co ph4n bai tap nay. Rat m ong nhan ditoc nhieu dong gop qui bau cua ban doc gan xa. Chuc cac ban thanh cong. >71 / Tac gia • f
CONTENTS 1/ T e n s e s ...................................................................................... 5 II/ S eq u en ce o f T e n s e s ......................................................... 31 III/ T h e p a ssiv e a n d a ctiv e s e n t e n c e s ................................ 45 IV / T h e p a rts o f s p e e c h ........................................................... 58 1.N o u n s ...................................................................... 58 2 .P ro n o u n s 72 3 .A je ctiv e s 84 4..A d v e r b s .............................................................................. 94 5.W ord s t u d y ....................................................................... 102 6 .D egrees o f com p a rison o f A djectives and A d v erb s 133 7..V e r b s ...................................................................................... 145 8 .N u m e ra l s 162 9..P r e p o s it io n s ....................................................................... 170 1 0 .C o n ju n ctio n s 195 11..A r t i c l e s ............................................................................... 199 V/ C la u ses a n d P r a s e s ............................................................ 206 V I/ E xep ression o f q u a n t it y .................................................... 245 V II/ E m p h a s is ............................................................................... 251 V III/ S t y l e s ...................................................................................... 254 IX / R ep orted s p e e c h ................................................................ 259 X/ S e n t e n c e s ............................................................................ 266 X I/ P ra ctice T e s t ........................................................................ 274 X II/ K e y ......................................................................................... 310 A p p e n d ix A T o ch iic qu oc te - chvif v ie t tat th on g d u n g 370 • D o, can , d on g A p p e n d ix B B an g liet ke cac dong tti b a t quy tac 383
I. TENSES (CAC THi) 1 The Simple Present Tense (Thi hien tai dOn) a. Form - I, We. You, They + Verb (without to) - He, She, It + Verb + s/es - Dong tti chia d hien tai (V,) (Neu chu ngut d ngoi thti ba so ft, ta phai them “ S” hoac “ ES” vao sau dong tuf) ij U sa g e: Thi hien tai ddn dien ta mot thoi quen, mot hanh dong xay ra thUdng xuyen lap di lap lai d hien tai. Ex + He watches TV every night. + W hat do you do everyday? + I go to school by bicycle. Thi hien tai ddn d iln ta mot chan ly, mot sU that hien nhien. Ex: + The sun rises in the East. + Tom com es from England + I am a student. Thi hien tai ddn dude dung khi ta noi ve thdi khoa bieu (tim eta b les), chUdng trinh (program m es) ... . Ex: + The plane leaves for London at 12.30 p.m. + She departs for Australia tom orrow . + The film begins at 8 o’clock.
- Thi hien tai ddn de chi “ Hien tai lich s t f , nhat la trong nhQng bai binh luan ve cac mon chdi hoac cac vd kich. Ex: + The badm inton player sends the shuttlecock over the net. Thi hien tai ddn dung sau nhUng cum tii chi thdi gian "when” , “as soon as” va nhung cum tu: chi dieu kien “ i f ’, “ unless” ... Ex: + We will not believe you unless we see it ourselves. + If she asks you, tell her that you do not know. c. S p e llin g : * Ta them S de hinh thanh ngoi thCf b a ’so* it cua hau het cac dong tu!. NhUng ta them ES khi dong tii co tan cung la o, sh. s. ch. x, z. Ex: He teaches French. * Neu dong tii tan cung la “y” va diing tru(6c no la mot phu am, thi ta doi “y” thanh “ i” trUdc khi them “es” . Ex: + He tries to help her + She studies at Canberra. d. C ac p h o tif th iid n g dxidc d u n g c h u n g vcfi th i h ie n tai dtfn: + Often, usually, frequently thUdng + Always, constantly luon luon + Sometimes, occasionally thinh thoang + Seldom, rarely it khi, hiem khi + every day/ week/ month... hang ngay/ tuan/ thang... e. N e g a tiv e F o r m (T h e p h u d in h ) * Doi vdi dong tu: dac biet (be, can, may...), ta them “not” ngay sau dong tii do. Ex: + He is a good pupil. —> He isn’t a good pupil. + My brother can swim. -* My brother can t swim.
* Doi vdi dong tti thUdng, ta dung trd dong tu "D o” hoac “ Does” tuy theo chu ngCt. Ex: + She doesn’t hke coffee. + They don’t want new shoes. f. I n t e r r o g a tiv e fo r m (T h e n g h i va n ) * Doi vdi dong tu1dac biet. ta chuyen no len dau cau va them dau “?” d cuoi cau. Ex: + Are you tued now? + Can Peter drive a car? * Doi v6i dong tii thUdng, ta them “Do” hoac "Does” vao dau cau. (Nhd dUa dong t if chfnh ve nguyen mau) Ex: + Her father likes tea. —> Does her father like tea? + They do their homework every day. -> Do they do their homework every day9 2. T h e P r e s e n t C o n tin u o u s T e n se (T h i h ie n tai tie p d ie n ) a. F orm : -1 + am - He, She, It + is + V-ing - We, You, They + are b. U sa g e: - Thi hien tai tiep dien mo ta mot hanh dong dang dien ra va keo dai met thdi gian d hien tai, (no thUdng di kem vdi cac cum tti chi thdi gian "N OW ” , “ RIGHT N O W ’, “AT THE MOMENT” , “AT PRESENT” ) Ex: + The children are playing football now. + W hat are you doing at the moment? - Thi n ay cung thUdng dude dung theo sau cau de nghi, menh lenh. 7
Ex: + Look! The child is crying. + Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room. - Thi nay con dude dung de dien ta mot han h dong sap xay ra (d tUdng lai g&n) Ex: + He is com ing tomorrow. + My parents are planting trees tomorrow. c . Spelling * Neu dong tif tan cung la “e” ddn thi bo "e” nay di trUdc khi them • ti • y> mg . come —> coming Ngoai trii cac dong tU: to age (gia di), to dye (nhuom), to singe (chay xem) va cac dong tti tan cung la ee. * Neu dong tuf co mot am tiet, tan cung la mot nguyen am d giiia hai phu am thi nhan doi phu am cuoi len roi them “ ing” . run —> running * Neu dong tCf co hai hoac hdn hai am tiet, tan cung la mot nguyen am d giuta hai phu am va trong am rdi vao am tiet cuoi thi ta nhan doi phu am do len roi them "‘mg” . begin —» beginning * Neu dong tti tan cung la “ie” thi doi thanh “y” roi m6i them “ing” lie —> lying * Neu dong tti tan cung la “1” ma trUdc no la m ot n gu yen am ddn thi ta cung nh an doi “1” do len roi them “ing” . travel —> travelling Ngoai le: tie (cot, buoc) —> tieing hoac tying hie (voi va, di voi va) —> hieing hoac hying L ifu y : Khong dung thi hien tai tiep dien v6i cac dong tiT chi nhan thile, tri giac nhu: to be,, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, belong to, believe ... 8
Vdi cac dong tti nay. ta thay bang thi Simple Present. Ex: + I am tired now. + She wants to go for a walk at the moment. + Do you understand your lesson? Yes, I understand, it now. • d. Negative Form (The phu dinh) Them “not” vao sau dong tu: “to be” : “am. is, are” tuy theo chu ngU. Ex: + She is not working. + They are not learning now. Chu y : is not viet tat la isn’t I am not I’m not are not aren’t e. Question form (The nghi van) Dao am, is, are len trUdc chu ngut Ex: + Are you a teacher? - Yes, I am - No, I am not + Is she watching T.V. now? - Yes, she is - No, she isn’t 3. The Present Perfect Tense (Thi hien tai hoan thanh) a. F orm :__________________________________________________ I, W e, They, You + have + past part,;clple ( v 3) He, She, It + has The ph u dinh: S + h a ven ’t/ h asn ’t + Vs... The nghi vain: H ave/has + S + Vs ... ? 9
b. U sage: - Thi hien tai hoan thanh dien ta hanh dong vtia mdi xay ra. vifa mdi ket thuc, thUdng di vdi trang tti “just”. Ex: + The concert has just begun. + I have finished my hom ework recently. - Thi hien tai hoan thanh dien ta mot hanh dong bat dau tif qua khif, con keo dai den hien tai va co kha nang tiep tuc d tUdng lai. Ex: + Mary has lived m this house for ten years. + They have studied English since 1990. - Hanh dong xay ra trong qua khif ma khong biet ro thdi gian. Ex: + I have gone to Hanoi. + He has done his housework. - Th) hien tai hoan thanh dien ta mot hanh dong dude lap di lap lai nhieu lan d qua khti. Ex: + Daisy has read that novel several times. + I have seen “Titanic” three times. c. Cac pho tif thu’ofng di kerrt vdi thi hien tai hoan thanh la: just, recently, lately: gan day, vtia mdi ever: da tting never: chUa bao gid already: roi yet: chUa since: tii khi (thdi diem) for: khoang (thdi doan) so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho den bay gid Cac pho tut nay chi dUdc dung kern vdi thi hien tai hoan thanh trong cac cau ddn. Doi vdi cau co tti hai menh de trd len hoac trong mot doan van thi dong tii phai dUdc chia theo ngii canh chti khong phu thuoc vao cac pho tif (xem them d phdn Sequence of Tenses) 10
Ex: + He has just seen her. (but) He said that he had just seen her. + I have already done my exercises. (but) When I came, they had already shown the film. c. N otes: - Ta thUdng dung “ju s t ” vdi thi hien tai hoan thanh. Ex: Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch. - Dung “for” de chi khoang thdi gian cua hanh dong, va “since” de chi thdi diem ma hanh dong bat dau. Ex: + He has worked there for six months + I have learnt English since 1999. - Dung “yet” trong cau phu dinh va nghi van, dung “already” trong cau khang dinh. Ex: + Has John called vet? + I’ve already posted the letter. + He has already started his new job. - Ta thUdng dung “ever” va “never” vdi thi hien tai hoan thanh. Ex: + Have you ever eaten snake meat? + He has never been there. - Dung thi hien tai hoan thanh sau nhting tut so sanh d c£p cao nhat. Ex: + What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen. - Diing thi hien tai hoan thanh vdi: This is the first time, it is the first time... Ex: + It is the second time he has lost his passport. + This is the first time he has driven a car. - Gone to khac vdi been to Ex: + Ann has gone to Italy. Ann da di nUdc Y. 11
(Cau nay co nghia la bay gid co ay dang d nude Y hoac co ay dang tren dUdng den nU6c Y) + Ann has been to Italy Ann da di nUdc Y. (Cau nay co nghia Ann da den nU6c Y vao mot luc nao do trong qua khuf nhifng bay gid co ay khong con d Y niia). - Ta dung thi hien tai hoan thanh v6i This morning/ This evening/ today/ this week/ this term... Khi nhOng thdi gian nay van con trong luc noi. I’ve smoked ten cigarettes today. I haven’t seen Tom this m orning. Have you? 4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien) a. Form: I, We, You, They + have He. She, It + has + been + V ' mg b. Usage: - Thi nay dien ta mot hanh dong bat dau trong qua knu va Keo uai lien tuc den hien tai. Notes: * Khong dung thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien de noi rihutng tinh huong ton tai m ot thofi gian dai nhat la khi co always. AIiCv, has always worked hard. (Khong dung has always been working) * Khong dung thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien vdi cac dong tif difctc liet ke d thi hien tai tiep dien. (Cac dong tif chi nhan thtic, tri giac) 12
Ex: How long have Bob and Alice been married? (Khong dung have Bob and Alice been being married) * C a c tix’ hay di k e m la : s in c e (+ m o c th d i g ia n ), fo r (+ k h o a n g th d i gia n ) Ex: I have been studying French for five years. 5. T h e S im p le P a st T e n se (T h i q u a kh ti dcfn) a. F o rm : 1 I, We, You, They C + Verb + ed (regular) He, She, It________L + Verb in the past tense (irregular) R egular Verbs la nhung dong t£f co qui t ic nhU: to work (lam viec) to die (chet) to stay (d lai) to play (chdi) . . . Irregular Verbs la nhung dong tti bat qui tac co 3 cot nhU: to sleep/ slept/ slept (ngu) to go/ went/ gone (di) to com e/ cam e/ come (den) to have/ had/ had (co) b. U sa g e: Thi qua khil ddn d iln ta hanh dong da xay ra trong qua khii, cham diit roi va biet ro thdi gian. Ex: + Tom went to Paris last summer. + My mother left this city two years ago. + He died in 1980. c. C a c p h o tu” d i k e m : last (trU6c) ..., ago (cach day), yesterday (horn qua). 13
d. N eg a tive fo rm (T h e p h u d jn h ) * Doi vdi dong tii d&c biet, ta them “N O T ’ vao sau no. Ex: + He wasn’t absent from class yesterday. + I couldn’t open the door last night. * Doi v6i dong tu: thUdng, ta dat trd dong tti “didn’t” trade dong tti chi'nh. Ex: + He didn’t watch TV last night + She didn’t go to the cinema with him last Sunday. e. I n te r r o g a tiv e fo rm (T h e n g h i van ) * Doi v6i dong tCf dac biet, ta chuyen no len dau cau. Ex: + Were they in hospital last month? + Could she answer your questions then? * Doi vdi dong tti thUdng, ta dat trd dong tii “did” d dau cau. Ex: + Did you see my son, Tom? Li/u y: Khi d o i sa n g p h u d in h va n g h i v a n n h d diia d o n g tif c h in h ve n g u y e n m au. f. S p e llin g * Thong thUdng thi them “ed” sau dong tfi co qui tac. work —> worked * Neu dong ttf co qui tac tan cung la “e” thi chi them “d” thoi. die —> died * Neu dong tti co qui tac tan cung la “y” ma trUdc no la mot phu am thi doi “y” thanh “i” roi them “ed”. * Neu dong tii co qui-tac co mot am tiet, tan cung la mot nguyen am d giufa hai phu am thi ta nhan doi phu am cuoi len roi them “ed” . stop —> stopped 14
* Neu dong i u co qui tac co hai am tiet, tan cung la mot nguyen am 0 giuta hai phu am va trong am rdi vao am tiet cuoi thi ta nhan doi phu am cuoi len roi them “ed” . permit —> permitted * Neu dong tu tan cung la “1” , trUdc no la mot nguyen am ddn thi ta n han doi “1” len roi them “ed” . travel —> travelled g. P r o n u n c ia t io n (C a ch p h a t am ) * NhUng dong tti co qui tac tan cung la am [t] va [d] khi them “ed” ta doc them am [id] divide [di’vaid] -> divided [di’vaidid] * Nhufng dong tu! co qui tac tan cung la am [k], [p], [f], [s], [1], [tj] khi them “ed” ta doc them am [t]. laugh [la:f] —> laughed [la:ft] * Ngoai hai trUdng hdp tren, cac dong tif co qui tac con lai sau khi them “ed” ta doc them am [d] play [plei] - » played [pleid] 6. T h e P a st C o n tin u o u s T e n se (.Thi q u a khuf tie p d ie n ) a. F orm : I, She; He, It + was . We, You, They + were b. U sa g e: T h i q u a k h ii tie p d ie n d ie n ta: - Hanh dong da xay ra va k6o dai mot thdi gian d qua khti. Ex: + Yesterday, Mr Moore was working in the laboratory all the afternoon. + W hat were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday? - Hanh dong dang xay ra vao mot thdi diem d qua khii. Ex: + I was doing my homework at 6 p.m last Sunday. 15
+ They were practising English at that time. + What were you doing at this time yesterday? - Hanh dong dang xay ra (d qua khOO thi co mot hanh dong khac xen vao (hanh dong dang xay ra dung Past Continuous, hanh dong xen vao dung Simple Past) Ex: + When I came yesterday, he was sleeping. + What was she doing when you saw her? + As we were crossing the street, the policeman shouted at us. - Hai hanh dong xay ra song song cung mot luc cl qua k h i. Ex: Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes. Ltfu y: Khong dung thi nay vdi cac dong tif chi nhan thvifc, tri giac. Thay vao do, ta dung thi Simple Past. c. Negative form (The phu dinh) Dat “not” sau “was” hoac “were” Ex: + They were not (weren’t) eating dinner when you arrived. + She was not (wasn’t) watching television at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. d. Question form (The nghi van) Ta chuyen “was” hoac “were” len trUdc chu ngut. Ex: + Were they eating dinner when you arrived? + Was she having breakfast at 7 o’clock yesterday m orning? 7. The Past Perfect Tense (Thi qua khvf hoan thanh) a. Form: Subject + had + V 3 - (V3 : past participle) (- Negative form: S + Hadn’t + V 3 - Interrogative form: Had + S + V 3?) 16
b. Usage: Thi qua khii hoan thanh dien ta mot hanh dong qua khti xay ra trUdc mot thdi gian qua khil hoac trU6c mot hanh dong qua khCf khac. (Neu trong cau co hai hanh dong qua khil. hanh dong nao xay ra trUdc ta dung Past Perfect, hanh dong nao sau ta dung Simple Past) Ex: + We had lived in Hue before 1975. + When I got up this morning, my father had already left. + After the children had finished theu homework, they went to bed. + It was the most difficult question that I had ever known. 8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Thi qua khtf hoan thanh tiep dien) a. Form: ______ Subject +• had + been + V-mg j b. Usage: Thi qua khti hoan thanh tiep dien dien ta mot hanh dong qua khti da xay ra va k6o dai cho den khi hanh dong qua khii thi? hai xay ra (hanh dong thti hai dung Simple Past). ThUdng thUdng khoang thdi gian k6o dai dUdc neu ro trong cau. Ex: + The men had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came. + They had been living m Lodon for 10 years when I met them. 9. The Simple Future Tense (Thi tifcfng lai dofn) a. Form: _______________________________ t You, He, She. I. They + will I I, W e + shall + V l W ., ------------ - - \ ■ bare-mf: bare-infinitive (dong tCf nguyen the khong “to”) • IAVe + shall ...
* IAV e/he/She ... + w ill... * Negative form: S + W ill/ Shall + Not + V ml-} ... W on’t/ Shan’t * Interrogative form: W ill/Shall + S + V (bare int.) b. U sage: * Dung khi ta quyet dinh lam mot dieu gi do vao luc noi. Ex: A: Did you phone Ann'-1 B: Oh no, I forgot. I will (’11) do it now. - Oh, I’ve left the door open. I will (’II) go and shut it. * Dung de yeu cau ai do lam viec gi. Ex: + Will you shut the door? + Will you please be quiet9 * Dung de de nghi lam dieu gi. Ex: + That bag looks heavy. I will help you with it. O f course. I’ll bring it back this afternoon. + I’ve asked John to help me but he w on't. * Dung de dong y hoac tu1choi lam dieu gi. Ex: - You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back? - I need some money. - Don’t worry. I will lend you some. * Dung de hiia hen lam dieu gi do. Ex: 1- I promise I will call you as soon as I irnv^ + I won’t tell Tom what you said. I promise. * Dung shall / va shall we de de nghi hoac gdi y. Ex: + Where shall we go this evening? + Shall I open the window? *Dung I think I ’ll ... hoac / d on ’t think I ’ll ... khi ta quyet dinh lam dieu gi. Ex: + I think I’ll stay at home this evening. 18
f 1 don't think I'll go out tonight. I’m too tired. c. Cac pho tiV di kem: Someday: mot ngay nao do Tomorrow: mai Next week, next month ...: tuan/thang ... tdi Soon: Chang bao lau niia 10. Near future (Tu’cfng lai gan) a. Form: 1 + am | He, She, It + is + going to + V lW
Father: Yes, I know. He told me. I’m going to repau 11 tomorrow. 11. The Future Continuous Tense (Thi tiitfng lai tiep dien) a. Form: '1 /W e + Will (or Shall) j He/She/It/You/They + Will + Be + Verb -m g b. Usage: *Chi hanh dong dang tien hanh tai mot thdi diem d tUdnglai. Ex: + At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning he w ill be w orking. + I will be watching TV at 9 o’clock tonight. * Chi hanh dong dang xay ra d tUdng lai thi co m ot han h dong khac xay ra. Ex: + I will be studying when you return this evening. + They will be travelling in Italy by the time you arrive here. * Ta dung will you be + verb-ing? de hoi ve du dinh cua mot ngUdi khi ta can dieu gi hoac can ngUdi do lam dieu gi. Ex: A: Will you be using your motorcycle this evening? B: No, you can take n. A: Will you be passing the post office when you go out? B: Yes, why? 12. The Future Perfect Tejnse (Thi ttfdng lai hoan thanh) a. Form: Subject + will + have + V 3 b. Usage: - Thi tildng lai hoan thanh dien ta mot hanh dong se hoan tat vao mot thdi diem cho trildc d tUdng lai. 20