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Hướng dẫn sử dụng MCNP cho hệ điều hành Windows

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Tài liệu này được hình thành từ việc tổng hợp các luận văn cũng như ghi chép của các thành viên trong nhóm NMTP với mục đích hệ thống hoá kiến thức lẫn kinh nghiệm thu được sau hơn 5 năm làm việc với chương trình MCNP. Phần lớn nội dung của tài liệu này đều được lấy từ các tài liệu MCNP Manual (vol I, II, III).

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Nội dung Text: Hướng dẫn sử dụng MCNP cho hệ điều hành Windows

Nhóm NMTP<br /> (Tài liệu lưu hành nội bộ)<br /> <br /> Hướng dẫn sử dụng MCNP cho hệ điều<br /> hành Windows<br /> <br /> Đặng Nguyên Phương (tổng hợp)<br /> <br /> TP. Hồ Chí Minh − 10/2013<br /> <br /> Mục lục<br /> Lời nói đầu<br /> <br /> 5<br /> <br /> 1 Giới thiệu về MCNP<br /> 1.1 Chương trình MCNP . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 1.2 Lịch sử của chương trình MCNP . . . . . .<br /> 1.2.1 Phương pháp Monte Carlo . . . . .<br /> 1.2.2 Chương trình MCNP . . . . . . . .<br /> 1.3 Dữ liệu hạt nhân và phản ứng của MCNP<br /> 1.3.1 Các thư viện dữ liệu được sử dụng<br /> 1.3.2 Các bảng số liệu . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 1.4 Cấu trúc của MCNP . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 1.5 Cách thức mô phỏng vận chuyển hạt . . .<br /> 1.6 MCNPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 2 Cách cài đặt và thực thi MCNP<br /> 2.1 Cách thức cài đặt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 2.2 Cách thực thi chương trình MCNP . . . . . . . .<br /> 2.2.1 Sử dụng Visual Editor . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 2.2.2 Sử dụng câu lệnh trong Command Prompt<br /> 3 Cấu trúc input file của MCNP<br /> 3.1 Cấu trúc của input file . . . . . . . .<br /> 3.1.1 Initiate-run . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 3.1.2 Continue-run . . . . . . . . .<br /> 3.2 Ví dụ cấu trúc input file . . . . . . .<br /> 3.3 Một số lưu ý khi xây dựng input file<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 4 Định nghĩa hình học<br /> 4.1 Surface Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 4.1.1 Các mặt được định nghĩa bởi phương trình<br /> 4.1.2 Macrobody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 4.2 Chuyển trục tọa độ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 4.2.1 Coordinate Transformation Card (TRn) .<br /> 4.3 Cell Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 1<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> 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/> Lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 4.5.1 Universe & Fill Card (U & FILL)<br /> 4.5.2 Lattice Card (LAT) . . . . . . . .<br /> Một số ví dụ khai báo hình học . . . . .<br /> Bài tập . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 5 Định nghĩa nguồn<br /> 5.1 Mode Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.2 Các kiểu định nghĩa nguồn . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.3 Nguồn tổng quát . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.3.1 Định nghĩa . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.3.2 Ví dụ định nghĩa nguồn tổng quát .<br /> 5.3.3 Nguồn mặt . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.4 Nguồn tới hạn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.5 Card ngừng chương trình . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.5.1 NPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.5.2 CTME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 5.6 Bài tập . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6 Định nghĩa tally<br /> 6.1 Các loại tally . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.2 Tally F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.3 Tally F2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.4 Tally F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.5 Tally F5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.6 Tally F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.7 Tally F7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.8 Tally F8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.9 Các card dùng cho khai báo tally<br /> 6.10 FMESHn . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.11 Lattice Tally Card . . . . . . . .<br /> 6.12 Bài tập . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> 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.<br /> .<br /> <br /> 41<br /> 41<br /> 41<br /> 42<br /> 42<br /> 43<br /> 45<br /> 46<br /> 47<br /> 47<br /> 48<br /> 48<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 49<br /> 49<br /> 50<br /> 50<br /> 51<br /> 51<br /> 52<br /> 52<br /> 52<br /> 54<br /> 58<br /> 59<br /> 60<br /> <br /> 7 Kĩ thuật giảm phương sai<br /> 61<br /> 7.1 Mô phỏng không tương tự (non-analog) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61<br /> 7.2 Các kĩ thuật giảm phương sai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61<br /> 2<br /> <br /> MỤC LỤC<br /> <br /> 7.3<br /> 7.4<br /> 7.5<br /> <br /> 7.6<br /> 7.7<br /> 7.8<br /> 7.9<br /> 7.10<br /> 7.11<br /> 7.12<br /> 7.13<br /> <br /> Đặng Nguyên Phương<br /> <br /> Geometry splitting and Russian roulette . .<br /> Energy splitting/roulette . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Weight cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 7.5.1 Cutoff Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 7.5.2 ELPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Weight windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Exponential transform . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Physics Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Forced collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Bremsstrahlung biasing . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> Neutron-induced photon production biasing<br /> Correlated sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> DXTRAN spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 8 Cách đọc ouput file của MCNP<br /> 8.1 Các bảng thông tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 8.2 Độ chính xác của kết quả và các nhân tố ảnh hưởng<br /> 8.3 Đánh giá thống kê . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 8.3.1 Sai số tương đối . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 8.3.2 Figure of Merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 8.3.3 Variance of Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 8.3.4 Probability Density Function . . . . . . . .<br /> 8.4 Các kiểm định thống kê . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9 Sử dụng chương trình Visual Editor<br /> 9.1 Giới thiệu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.2 Một số file chính của Visual Editor . .<br /> 9.3 Các menu chính . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.4 Hiển thị đồ họa của input file . . . . .<br /> 9.5 Chỉnh sửa input file bằng Visual Editor<br /> 9.5.1 Cửa sổ Surface . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.5.2 Cửa sổ cell . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.5.3 Khai báo vật liệu . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.5.4 Khai báo importance . . . . . .<br /> 9.5.5 Chuyển trục . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.6 Một số đồ họa 2D đặc trưng . . . . . .<br /> 9.6.1 Hiển thị vết của hạt . . . . . .<br /> 9.6.2 Đồ thị tally . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.6.3 Đồ thị tiết diện . . . . . . . . .<br /> 9.7 Đồ họa 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /> 3<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> 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66<br /> 68<br /> 69<br /> 69<br /> 70<br /> 70<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 72<br /> 72<br /> 75<br /> 76<br /> 76<br /> 78<br /> 78<br /> 78<br /> 79<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 81<br /> 81<br /> 81<br /> 82<br /> 83<br /> 85<br /> 85<br /> 86<br /> 88<br /> 89<br /> 91<br /> 91<br /> 92<br /> 92<br /> 93<br /> 94<br /> <br /> MỤC LỤC<br /> <br /> 9.7.1<br /> 9.7.2<br /> <br /> Đặng Nguyên Phương<br /> <br /> Ảnh 3D Ray Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94<br /> Ảnh động học . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96<br /> <br /> Lời kết<br /> <br /> 99<br /> <br /> Tài liệu tham khảo<br /> <br /> 100<br /> <br /> A Bảng tính chất các nguyên tố<br /> <br /> 101<br /> <br /> B Một số vật liệu thông dụng<br /> <br /> 105<br /> <br /> C Bộ hệ số chuyển đổi thông lượng sang liều<br /> <br /> 110<br /> <br /> D Ma trận quay trục tọa độ<br /> <br /> 111<br /> <br /> 4<br /> <br />
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