In situ functionalization of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) by pulsed laser ablation in a liquid medium (PLAL)

We characterized their shape and morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confirmed their crystalline structure with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) elemental mapping.