Leukocyte subtyping predicts for treatment failure and poor survival in anal squamous cell carcinoma

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) generally carries a favourable prognosis, as most tumors are highly sensitive to standard of care chemoradiation. However, outcomes are poor for the 20–30% of patients who are refractory to this approach, and many will require additional invasive procedures with no guarantee of disease resolution.