Lý Thái Tổ với sự nghiệp định đô Thăng Long

so KY NIEM 1.000 NAM THANG LONG • HA NOI<br /> <br /> <br /> «' i<br /> LY THAI TO VOI SIT NGHIEP DINH DO THANG LONG<br /> <br /> NGUYfiN QUANG NGOC*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> L y Thai To ten buy la Cong U^n, sinh<br /> ngay 12 thang 2 Giap Tu^'t (8-3-974)<br /> Ngay tu! thdi ky dau diing nvfdc, Cd Loa<br /> cl vao vi tri trung tam chau thd song Hong<br /> da tiing diidc An Diidng Viidng chon lam<br /> tai hifdng Dien VKn (Thi xa Td Sdn, tinh<br /> Bdc Ninh). Tudi nho song trong chua cl que kinh do cua nha niidc Au Lac. Nhiing chinh<br /> va ngay t ^ khi do da hoc 16 dilc do, tai n^ng quyen doc lap cua ngiidi Viet tii Ly Bi den<br /> cua mot "bdc minh chu trong thien hg," (1). ho Khiic, ho Diidng va Ngo Quyen cung deu<br /> Ldn len ong lam quan cho nha Tien Le 6 dong do d khu viic Dai La hay Co Loa. Dinh<br /> Hoa Lii. Khi nha Tien Le suy kiot, diidc sil Bo Linh mac dii da hoan thanh sii nghiep<br /> ung ho cua gidi Phat giao, quan lai, binh si tho'ng nha't da't niidc, nhiing the va liic<br /> trieu dinh va dan chiing trong thien ha, chua du manh, tinh hinh viing chau thd<br /> sang sdm ngay mong 2 thang 11 nSm Ky song Hdng vSn con phiic tap va quan Tong<br /> dang lam le xam la'n bd coi, nen buoc phai<br /> Dau (21-11-1009), ong len ngoi Hoang de<br /> trd ve dong do tren da't ban bo Hoa Lu.<br /> lap ra Viidng trieu Ly. Chi khoang 9 thang<br /> Trong thdi gian nay kinh do Hoa Lii da<br /> sau, ong quyet dinh deli do tii Hoa Lii ra<br /> hoan thanh sii menh lich sii ciia no, tao<br /> thanh Dai La va ddi ten la Thang Long, mcl<br /> dieu kien cho trieu Dinh va trieu Tien Le<br /> ra giai doan phat trien huy hoang cua lich<br /> cung co' chinh quyen Trung lidng, bao ve<br /> sii dsit nUdc.<br /> nen doc Mp dan toe, danh bai cuoc chie'n<br /> 1. Ddi do tit Hoa Li^ r a D a i L a tranh xam liidc cua quan Tong, giii vQng<br /> Kinh do la trung tam chinh tri-hanh nen thdrig nha't quo'c gia, dat cd sd cho sii<br /> chinh va di lien vdi no la trung tam quan phat trien toan dien cua da't nUdc.<br /> sii, kinh te, van boa ciia mot da't niidc. Ba't Hoa Lii vdi dia the niii non hiem trd da<br /> cii mot trieu dai, mot the che chinh tri nao d i n d i n hoc 16 nhiing ban che, khdng cdn<br /> khi n i m chinh quyen, cong viec d i u tien phii hdp vdi yeu cau xay diing da't niidc tren<br /> phai la xac dinh vi tri dong do. Viec dcii do quy mo ldn, day manh sii nghiep phat trien<br /> va dinh do la cong viec co y nghia trong dai kinh te, md mang van boa. Diidi con mat cua<br /> "coi di mUu nghiep ldn, chgn d chP gida, Ly Thai Td "thdnh Hoa LU dm thdp, chat<br /> ldm ke cho con chdu muPn van ddi, tren hep, khong du ldm cho d cua di' vUdng" (3),<br /> kinh minh trdi, dUdi theo y ddn, neu co chS khien ong "khong thi khong ddi" (4).<br /> tiin thi ddi doi, cho nin van nUdc ldu ddi, Ly Thai Td da "xem khdp nUdc Viif va<br /> phong tuc gidu thinh" (2). nhan thiiy chi co khu viic t h a n h Dai La mdi<br /> <br /> •GS.TS. Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi<br />  Rghien curu Lich sit. s6 7.2010<br /> <br /> "Id ndi thdng dia, thiic la cho hpi tu quan hdu dUng dien Gidng Vo. Lai md cda Phi<br /> ye'u cua bon phUdng, dung Id ndi thUdng dp Long thPng vdi cung Nghenh Xudn, cda<br /> kinh sU mdi mudn ddi" (5). Theo ong, thanh Dan PhUdng thdng vdi cda Uy Viin. HUdng<br /> Dai La "d gida khu vUc trdi ddt, dUdc the chinh nam dUng diin Cao Minh, deu co<br /> rong cupn ho ngoi, chinh gida nam bdc dPng them rong, trong thim rong co hdnh lang<br /> tdy, tien nghi ndi song sau trUdc. Vung ddt ddn ra xung quanh bdn phia. Sau dien Cdn<br /> ndy mat dd't rpng md bdng phdng, the ddt Nguyen lai dUng hai dien Long An, Long<br /> cao md sdng sua, ddn cU khong khd thdp Thuy ldm ndi vua nghi. Bin td xdy diin<br /> trung toi tdm, muon vat hei sdc tUdi tdtphon Nhdt Quang, ben hdu xdy dien Nguyet<br /> thinh" (6). Nhii the, hdn ba't cii mot khu viic Minh, phia sau dUng hai cung Thdy Hoa,<br /> nao trong niidc, khu viic thanh Dai La, theo Long Thuy ldm chP d cho cung nd. DUng<br /> quan niem cua Ly Thai Td, da hoi du difdc kho tdng ddp thdnh ddo hdo... Lai d trong<br /> ta't ca cac dieu kien, cac ldi the de xay diing thdnh ldm chiia NgU Thiin vd tinh ldu<br /> mot de d6 lau dai. Ngu PhUdng. Ngodi thdnh vi phia Nam<br /> c a c ngudn tii lieu ve cd ban th6'ng nha't dung chua Thdng Nghiim" (8).<br /> cho r i n g Ly Thai Td da chon dudng thuy de Nam sau, nam 1011, Ly T h i i Td lai cho<br /> tie'n h a n h ddi chuyen kinh do tii Hoa Lu ra xay diing mot loat cac cung, dien, chiia kho<br /> thanh Dai La. Phiidng tien phuc vu cho d Kinh thanh Thang Long nhii cung Dai<br /> cong cuoc ddi do chu ye'u bang thuyen. Thanh d ben ta, chua Van Tud, kho Tra'n<br /> Tut thanh noi Hoa Lii, doan thuyen theo Phiic d ben hiiu trong thanh; chiia Tii Dai<br /> dong sao Khe ra song Hoang Long vao song Thien Viidng va cac chiia Cim Y, Long<br /> Day, ra deii song Chau va ngiidc len s6ng Hiing, Thanh Tho d phia ngoai thanh (9).<br /> Hdng. Sach Dai Viet sd ky todn thU ch6p: Dac biet ben bd song Hdng, ndi doan<br /> "Miia thu, thdng 7 (td 13-8 de'n 10-9-1010), thuyen ddi d6 ra cap ben, Ly Thai To cho<br /> xay diing thanh mot cang chinh cua Kinh<br /> vua td thdnh Hoa LU, ddi do ra kinh phu d<br /> thanh Thang Long. Tai day, ong cho diing<br /> thdnh Dai La, tam do thuyin dUdi thdnh, co<br /> dien Ham Quang la mot tda dien ldn ma<br /> rong vdng hien lin d thuyin ngU, nhdn do<br /> nhieu l i n vua ngii xem dua thuyen (10).<br /> ddi ten thdnh ggi Id thdnh Thdng Lon^' (7).<br /> Nam 1012, cung vdi viec siia lai hai dien<br /> Ngay sau khi ddi do, cong viec kie'n thiet<br /> Kinh do diidc tien h a n h khan triidng. Long An, Long Thuy, Ly Thai ,Td sach<br /> Thang Long trd thanh mot dai cong triidng phong Hoang Thai tii Phat Ma lam Khai<br /> xay diing. Dang voc mot Kinh do be the Thien Viidng va cho "ldm cung Long Ddc b<br /> xiing t i m vdi vi tri trung tam cua qud'c gia ngodi thdnh chad, y mudn cho Thdi tdhiiu<br /> doc lap va ciidng thinh d i n hinh thanh. biet mgi viic cua ddn" (11).<br /> <br /> 2. Xay d i i n g h e t h o n g c u n g d i e n , Trong hdn mot chuc nam cudi ddi, Ly<br /> chvia g a c . . . Thai Td cho xay diing trong Kinh thanh<br /> Thang Long nhieu kie'n triic Phat giao nhU<br /> Sach Dai Viet sd ky todn thU cho biet<br /> chiia Thien Quang, Thien Diic (nam 1016),<br /> kha cu the cac cong viec ma Ly Thai To<br /> nha Bat giac chiia kinh (1021), kho Dai<br /> trien khai ngay tii nhiing ngay mdi dat<br /> Hiing chiia kinh Tam tang (1023) chiia<br /> chan de'n Thang Long: "Lai xdy dUng cdc<br /> cung dien trong Kinh thdnh Thdng Long, Chan Giao (1024)...<br /> phia trUdc diing diin Cdn Nguyen ldm cho Co the noi dien mao Kinh d6 Thang<br /> coi chdu, ben td ldm dien Tap Hien, ben Long thdi Ly da diidc thie't ke va thi cdng<br /> Ly Th6i T6 vdi sir nghiep...<br /> <br /> tren can ban diidi thdi Ly Thai Td (12). Cac Ddng, Quang Phiic d phia Tay, Dai Hiing d<br /> tridu con chau cua ong ve sau xay diing mdi phia Nam, Dieu Diic d phia Bac.<br /> nhieu kien tnic quan trong khac d ca trong Khoang 4 nam sau, nam 1014, ong lai<br /> va ngoai Ca'm thanh (nha't la khu viic ngoai cho "ddp thdnh ddt d bon mat kinh thdnh<br /> ca'm thanh) (13), nhiing trong thiic te Thdng Long" (15). Sach Viet sd thong gidm<br /> nhiing kie'n true nay chi bd sung va hoan cUdng muc giai thich them la "bon be xung<br /> thien them quy mo, ca'u triic Kinh thanh quanh ngodi kinh thdnh diu sai ddp thdnh<br /> vo'n da kha hoan chinh tii cac thap ky thii ddt cd" (16). Day chinh la vong thanh ngoai<br /> hai va thii ba cua the ky XI. ciing va diidc goi la thanh Dai La.<br /> Khai quat khao cd hoc d khu Trung tam Nam 1029, khi Ly Thai Td viia mdi qua<br /> Hoang thanh Thang Long tai 18 Hoang ddi, Ly Thai Tdng len ngdi Hoang de da<br /> Dieu tii nam 2003 de'n nay, cac nha khao cd ngay lap tiic cho xay diing lai tda chinh<br /> hoc da phat hien dUdc nhieu di tich nen dien cung mot so' cung dien d trung tam va<br /> mdng kie'n triic, mong tiidng bao, gieng "ben ngodi dap mpt ldn thdnh bao quanh<br /> nUdc va he tho'ng diidng co'ng thoat niidc ggi Id Long Thdnh" (17). Vdng thanh nay<br /> thdi Ly. Cac di tich nay cd moi quan he theo chiing tdi la Ca'm thanh. Tuy nhien<br /> chat che vdi nhau, tao thanh mot q u i n the diidi thdi Ly Thai Td ciing da cd Long<br /> di tich lien hoan quy m6 ldn, the hien trinh Thanh va khi do ciing da xua't hien ten goi<br /> do cao trong qui hoach d6 thi, ky thuat xay Ca'm thanh cho vong thanh trong cung (18),<br /> diing va nghe thuat trang tri kien triic (14). nhiing co le kie'n triic cdn ddn sd va mang<br /> 3. Hoan thien cau true Thang Long tinh hinh thiic.<br /> "tam triing thanh quach" Nhit the, Thang Long ba vdng thanh ma<br /> Ddng thdi vdi viec xay ca^t cac cung dien, chiing ta biet hien nay, tren can ban da<br /> chiia gac la viec Ly Thai Td cho xay diing diidc xay diing va hoan chinh diidi thdi tri<br /> he thd'ng thanh quach bao quanh, chia tach vi cua Ly Thai To.<br /> Trieu dinh, Hoang gia vdi<br /> cac khu viic hanh chinh,<br /> quan sii, van hda khac...<br /> Cac bo sit cii nhii Viet sd<br /> lUdc, Dai Viet sd ky todn<br /> thu, Viet sd thong gidm<br /> cUdng muc... deu chdp kha<br /> tho'ng nha't diidi thdi Ly<br /> cdng viec dap thanh chu<br /> yeu diidc td chiic vao hai<br /> thap ky d i u cua Viidng<br /> trieu. (,<br /> Nam 1010, Ly Thai Td<br /> cho dap thanh Thang Long CHUOlAl<br /> (toa thanh chinh d giQa, —— CfmTUnl, J?! cingtMit.<br /> • TMnh Thing LMig ^1 dai<br /> den thdi Le dUdc goi la ^— li^ Thinh £i Dlnh,ehU<br /> <br /> Hoang thanh), dao hao, md ^ ^ S S IMigUikiUi^ X Thip<br /> & DI4n „^l^ B«nfl.h4<br /> 4 ciia Tiidng Phii d phia<br />  Rghien curu Lich sJr. sg 7.2010<br /> <br /> ca'm thanh la toa thanh nam trong thang canh. Trong khu nay cdn cd cac dinh<br /> Thang Long thanh, sud't thdi Ly (ke ca thdi thu cua quan lai, khu gia binh, ca khu vUc<br /> T r i n va thdi Le) h l u nhii khong cd sii thay sinh sd'ng va san xua't cua nhiing ngUdi lam<br /> ddi dang ke nao ve ca pham vi va ca^u tnic. viec va phuc dich trong Kinh thanh.<br /> Cd the xac dinh ciiaycanh Nam cua Ca'm Nhu vay, trong g i n 20 nam tri vi cua<br /> thanh tiidng diidng vdi vi tri Cot Cd Ha Noi, minh, Ly Thai Td da bUdc d i u hoan chinh<br /> cvfa/canh Tay d khoang diidng Hiing Viidng, quy md, ca'u true thanh Thang Long "tam<br /> -'id/'canh Bac va Ddng n i m gin cac diidng trung thdnh qudch". NhUng mo hinh nay<br /> Phan Dinh Phiing, Phung Hiing (19). hoan toan khong phai la sii sao ch6p theo<br /> Khu cong triidng khai quat khao cd hoc nguyen m l u ciia Trung Qud'c, ma la sU tan<br /> d 18 Hoang Dieu nam sat true trung tam dung va nUdng theo dia hinh gd bai, song<br /> Ca'm thanh, mac dii dien tich khai quat nUdc, d i m hd ciia viing nga ba Nhi Ha-T6<br /> mdi chiem mot ty le nho (khoang 6,73%) so Lich. Muc dich nha't quan ciia Ly Thai Td,<br /> vdi Ca'm thanh, nhiing cung cho phep hinh VUdng trieu Ly va cac VUdng tridu tidp<br /> dung diidc dien mao cua C i m thanh thanh theo la tao diing kinh thanh t i m the,<br /> Thang Long vdi nhiing di tich kien tnic dd thoang rong d trung tam lam thu do lau<br /> so va nhiing di vat tieu bieu cho ddi sd'ng va dai, vinh vien cua da't nUdc.<br /> sinh boat cung dinh. Phia ngoai la cac ben chd, pho' phudng<br /> Ve pham vi va vi tri cu the cua Thang va ca nhiing thdn trai ndng nghiep. Thanh<br /> Long thanh thdi Ly cho den nay v i n cdn Dai La la vdng thanh ngoai cung, viia dUdc<br /> nhieu y kien khac nhau. Can cii vao sii lieu dap mdi, viia tan dung mot p h i n La thanh<br /> va mot so' di tich cdn lai, cd the xac dinh ddi Dudng, bao hoc toan bo khu viic nay va<br /> ciia Tiidng Phii md ra chd Ddng va khu pho' CO chiic nang viia la thanh liiy bao ve, vda<br /> budn ban t i p n^p cua phiidng Giang KhIu la de ngan lii lut. Tda thanh d phia ddng<br /> va den Bach Ma. Ciia Quang Phiic d phia chay doc theo hiiu ngan sdng Nhi tii 6 Dd'ng<br /> Tay, cd nhieu kha nang n i m g i n chiia Kim Mac den Ben NUa, phia bic diia theo bd<br /> Sdn tren diidng Kim Ma, tiidng truyen da'y sdng To Lich doan d phia nam Hd Tay, phia<br /> cung la phap triidng thdi Ly. Cvia Dai Hiing tay vSn diia theo bd sdng To Lich td Budi<br /> d khoang phia trong Ciia Nam hien nay. den 6 C i u Gia'y, phia nam tlieo song Kim<br /> Cita Dieu Diic nhin ra triidc song Td Lich, NgUu qua Giang Vo, 6 Chd Diia, 6 Ciu Den<br /> khoang diidng Quan Thanh. va chay tiep den 6 Ddng Mac.<br /> Hoang thanh Thang Long tii thdi Ly (ca 4. Moi m a n g p h i i d n g p h o , chgf b e n . . .<br /> thdi Trin, Le) deu dUdc chia ra thanh hai Ddng thdi vdi viec trien khai xay diing<br /> khu tiidng ddi doc lap la Chinh tri va Quan tdng the, tren quy mo ldn cac cung dien,<br /> sii. Khu Chinh tri cua Trieu cfinh la quan chua, den, thanh quach la viec md mang<br /> trong nha't, diidc bao ve nghiem ngat va chd biia, ben cang, phudng thd, phd xa...<br /> miic do nghiem ngat cang ngay cang gia khien bo mSt do thi Thang Long thay ddi<br /> tang ciing vdi sii phat trien cua chd do b i n so vdi trUdc. C^a Ddng thanh Thang<br /> Trung Udng tap quyen. Khu Quan sU la'y Long xUa md ra khu trung tam cua pho' cd<br /> cac boat dong luyen tap, thao dien quan sii Ha Noi bay gid, vdi nhieu phudng, phd, chd,<br /> ciia quan doi la chinh, nhUng ciing cd cac ben, tren ben dUdi thuyen, budn ban ta'p<br /> cung dien, l l u gac, hanh cung, chiia quan, nap. Hai cang quan trong va sIm ua't nha't<br /> kho tang, vUdn ThUdng uyen, danh lam cua Thang Long deu n i m d day la bdn<br /> Ly Thai Td vdi s u nghiep...<br /> <br /> Giang KhIu (khoang phd Hang Budm) va 5. T a m n h i n v a sii n g h i e p ciia Ly<br /> ben Trieu Ddng (Ddng Bo Diu, khoang dd'c T h a i To<br /> Hoe Nhai). C^a Tay thanh Thang Long cd Quyet dinh ddi dd va tao diing kinh dd<br /> the md ra g i n khu viic Thu Le, C i u Gia'y. mdi xdt theo Id gich thdng thudng la cong<br /> Khu viic nay ciing vdi Budi va phu can ben viec c i n lam cua cac ddi vua, nhUng nhin<br /> Hd Tay, hd Tnic Bach d phia ngoai c^a lai toan bo chang dudng trdn mot nghin<br /> Bic, khong chi la trung tam lam gily lau nam dan toe ta da di qua, thi sii kien ddi dd<br /> ddi ma cdn cd cac nghe ddt linh, det vai va Hoa Lu va dinh dd Thang Long cua Ly<br /> buon ban ra't ndi tieng. Thai To la mot sii kien lich sii trong dai,<br /> Khdng cd tU lieu tnic tidp, nhUng qua danh da'u budc phat, trien vUdt bac khdng<br /> cac ngudn tU lieu gian tiep v i n cd the hinh chi cua Vudng trieu Ly ma ciia toan bo tien<br /> dung khu viic "thi" cua Thang Long thdi Ly trinh phat trien cua lich sii Viet Nam. Nha<br /> cung dUdc goi la "phudng" va ca'p phudng la Sii hoc Ngd Thi Si (thd ky XVIII) ca ngdi:<br /> ca'p quan ly hanh chinh cd sd d dd thi (20). "Ly Thdi To len ngoi, chUa vpi ldm viic<br /> Khd cd the thd'ng ke dUdc d i y dii ca 61 khdc, md trUdc tien mUu tinh viic dinh dd<br /> phudng d Kinh thanh Thang Long thdi Ly, dat dinh, xet ve sU quye't dodn sdng sudt,<br /> nhUng tu lieu v i n cho ph6p xac dinh dUdc mUu ke anh hung, thiic nhdng vua tdm<br /> vi tri cua mot so' phUdng nhU Thai Hda, thudng khPng the theo kip. Cho nin truyin<br /> Ddng Tac, Giang KhIu, Thai Ciic, Toan ngoi hdn 200 ndm, ddnh gidc Tdng, dep<br /> Vien, Hac Kieu, Kim Cd, Khuc Phd', Ddng gidc Chiem, nUdc mgnh ddn gidu, co the ggi<br /> Ha, Bao Thien, Tang Kiem, Phuc Cd, Ta Id ddi rdt thinh tri" (21).<br /> Nha't, Phong Van, Khang Tho, Ong Mac, T i t ca nhiing dieu kien tii nhien va ket<br /> Bd Cai, Tay Nhai, Vinh XUdng, Thinh qua phat trien cua lich sii da tao diing<br /> Quang, Xa Dan, Cd Xa, Hoe Nhai, Giang nhUng tien de cho khu viic thanh Dai La<br /> Tan, Yen Hoa, Cac Dai, Nhai Tuan... ddng vai trd Kinh dd cua da't nUdc thdi ky<br /> phuc hUng dan toe. Ly Thai Td khdng chi<br /> Thanh Thang Long tii trung tam chinh<br /> nhan thUc sau s i c t i t ca nhiing tien de dd,<br /> tri ciia nha nUdc quan chii da sdm phat<br /> ma dieu quan trong hdn la dng hoan toan<br /> trien thanh mot trung tam kinh te, van<br /> ky thac niem tin ciia minh d siic manh cua<br /> hoa, mot dd thi ddng due va phdn thinh.<br /> da't nUdc, d tUdng lai phat trien ciia dan toe.<br /> N6t dgc dao cua kien tnic Thang Long Quydt dinh ddi dd t ^ Hoa Lu ra thanh Dai<br /> thdi Ly la sU hoanh trang, be the va long La ciia Ly Thai Td la ket qua cua ca mot<br /> lly cua cac kien tnic Phat giao hay cac kien qua trinh c h u i n hi, tru tinh, tim chon<br /> tnic mang phong each Phat giao. Le Van khdng chi cua rieng Ly Thai Td, ma la cua<br /> Huu ddi T r i n cho hay Ly Thai Td "xdy thdp ca dan toe hang nghin nam, nen trd thanh<br /> cao ngdt trdi, dUng cpt chua dd, diin thd tuyet dd'i diing, dap ting dUdc tron ven nhu<br /> Phdt long Idy hem cd cung vua" va phe c i u phat trien cua d i t nUdc, y chi cua<br /> phan dng da ti§u phi cua cai siic liic vao Hoang de, VUdng trieu va nguyen vong tha<br /> viec thd moc khdng biet chiing nao ma ke. thidt ciia toan dan.<br /> Dieu nay, trai lai, gdp p h i n k h i n g dinh<br /> Sach Dai Viet sd ky todn thU cdn cho<br /> mot thiic te la Ly Thai Td da het miic da'n<br /> biet sau khi tU tay viet Chii'u ddi dP, trinh<br /> than de cd mot Kinh do to dep, dang hoang<br /> bay ro rang muc dich, ly do, dia diem ddi<br /> cho VUdng trieu va cho d i t nUdc. do, Ly Thai To tii day long minh mud'n biet<br /> ' . ' ' ' O v&a iyr, ieri ,;;•; si '•<br />  Rghien curu Lich sit. s6 7.2010<br /> <br /> phan ling cua nhan dan da neu thanh cau p h i n nhieu la ket qua cua qua trinh lan ldn<br /> hoi: "Tram mudn nhdn dia ldi dy md dinh trong cuoc sdng, tdng hdp, tdng ket thiic tien,<br /> ndi d, cdc khanh nghi thi' ndo?' (22). Day hidu ro "menh trdi', hieu t h i u "long ngUdi'.<br /> thiic sU la mot m l u miic hanh x i ciia ngUdi Hanh dong cua Ly Thai Td sd di trd thanh<br /> diing d i u chinh quyen than dan, n i m viing quyen nang tm thUdng, vdi siic ddi non lip be<br /> xu the phat trien ciia dtft nUdc, tdn trong chinh la vi dng "dng menh trdi, thudn long<br /> va de cao tieng ndi va ddng gdp cua dan ngUdi, nhdn thdi md van" (26), hay ndi theo<br /> trong nhiing quyet sach ldn ciia Trieu dinh. each ndi ddi nay la dng da n i m viing va van<br /> Va dieu ma Ly Thai To mong ddi da dUdc dung diing quy luat van dong khach quan<br /> dan chiing dap iing mot each tron v?n: "Bi cua Hch s i . Nudc Dai Viet ngay dUdi thdi tri<br /> ha vi thiin hg lap ki' ddi ldu, trin cho vi cua ong da nhanh chdng trd thanh mot<br /> nghiep die dUdc thirih vUdng ldn lao, dUdi qudc gia doc lap, thd'ng n h i t va cUdng thinh d<br /> cho ddn chdng dUdc dong due gidu co, diiu Ddng Nam A, trong dd Thang Long la trung<br /> ldi nhu thi', ai ddm khPng theo" (23). tam chinh tri, kinh td ldn nhit, ndi kdt tinh<br /> Trong thiic te cung cd khdng it sii tinh hoa van hoa dan toe, than nhan, tiep<br /> nghiep ldn khi mdi trien khai da khdng bien va toa sang gia tri van minh nhan loai.<br /> khoi gap phai sU phan iing gay g i t ciia Ngay 1 thang 8 nam 2010, ngay ben<br /> ngUdi dUdng thdi, nhUng ve sau, dUdc t h i thdm cua Dai le ky niem 1000 nam Thang<br /> thach qua thdi gian thi chan gia tri cua nd Long-Ha Noi, Khu Trung tam Hoang thanh<br /> mdi cd didu ki^n hoc 16. Sii nghiep ddi dd va Thang Long-Ha Ndi do Ly Thai Td chon<br /> dinh dd Thang Long cua Ly Thai Td, trai da't, thiet ke va thi cdng da dUdc UNESCO<br /> 1^, ngay tii khi mdi dUdc ban ra da trd vinh danh la Di san Van boa nhan loai vdi<br /> thanh chan ly, thd hi§n mot each tuyet vdi cac gia tri ndi bat toan c i u cua nd (27). Day<br /> t i m nhin xuyen tha'u khdng gian, xuyen la mot ky tich cua lich s i nghin nam diing<br /> sudt thdi gian cua mot nha chie'n lUdc di nUdc va giii nUdc cua dan toe Viet Nam ta<br /> tnidc thdi dai. ma Ly Thai Td la ngUdi cd cdng d i u tien va<br /> NhUng Ly Thai Td trUdc sau khdng phai vi dai n h i t . .<br /> la mot ly luan gia. S i ch6p liic nhd dng "chi Ly Thai To chi vdi cdng cuoc ddi dd va dinh<br /> hgc kinh sd qua loa" (24) va liic nao ciing the dd Thang Long ciing da du trd thanh vi<br /> hien la mot con ngudi hanh ddng "khdng Hoang dd kiet x u i t nha't cua hch s i Viet<br /> khdi, CO chi ldn" (25). Tri tuS sieu viet cua dng Nam, cd t i m nhin va sU nghiep thien nien ky.<br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> <br /> (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9),. (10). Dai L^ Thai Tong con cho dUng them mot so di^n, gac,<br /> Viet sie ky todn thii, tkp 1. Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hpi, iSu, \ku chuong, h&nh lang b san Long Tri... Ta't ca<br /> Kk Ngi, 1993, tr. 240, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, 241, nhflng cong trinh kien true mdi diidc xay dUng hay<br /> 241, 242, 243. tu svIa trong cac nkm 1029, 1030 deu nim trong<br /> (11). Dai Viet sd ky todn thii, tkp 1, sdd, tr. 243. thiet ke Kinh do cua Ly Thai To.<br /> Vj tri cua cung Long Dilc cl phfa ngoii O Chd Dita GS.TS Momoki Shiro trong cong trinh nghien<br /> hifn nay. cflu gin day ve thinh Thang Long cho ring c6 hai<br /> (12). Sau khi Ly Thai To qua ddi, nfim 1029, 6 d(?t quy ho^ch ldn ve thanh Thang Long la dpt vko<br /> khu vi;fc Ca'm th^nh, ben c^inh di?n Thien An dvjgc cac nam 1010-1011 va ddt vao cac nam 1029-1030,<br /> xay dyng quy mo hdn thay cho di?n Ckn Nguyen, nhflng ca hai dpt nky deu c6 dac diem chung la<br /> Ly Thai Td v6i sijr nghi|p.<br /> <br /> cung difn va cac kien true khac deu dflpc bo tri truyin thdng vdn hoa ldu ddi cua ngiidi Viet b chdu<br /> theo kieu doi xflng ta hflu va cung difn dflpc xep thd sdng Hdng vd la trung tdm quyin lyCc chinh tri<br /> thanh 3 hang, phia trfldc la ndi coi trieu, b givla trong sudt lich siC liin tuc 13 the ky cho den ngdy<br /> la ndi nghe chfnh sfl va phfa sau la ndi an cl cua nay. Nhiing tdng vdn hda khdo cd, di tich kien<br /> vua (xem them Momoki Shiro: Cdc cdng trinh true vd nghe thuat ciia di sdn phdn dnh mdt<br /> diidc xdy ddp trong vd ngodi kinh dd Thdng Long chudi lich sd ndi tiep nhau lien tuc cia cdc viidng<br /> thdi Ly). triiu cai tri ddt niidc Viet Nam tren cdc mat tii<br /> (13). Nhfl dan Xa T^c (1048), chfla Dien Hflu tiidng, chinh tri, hdnh chinh, luat phdp, kinh ti<br /> (1049), thap Bao Thien (1057), Van Mieu (1070), vd vdn hda trong gdn mpt ngdn ndm. Trin thi<br /> dan Nam Giao (1154)... gidi rdt hiim tim thdy mpt di sdn the hien diidc<br /> (14). Tham khao Tong Trung Tin: Ddu dn tinh lien tuc ldu ddi nhii vdy cua sii phdt trien<br /> Viidng triiu Ly sau 1000 ndm tii phdt hien cua chinh tri, vdn hda nhii khu vyCc trung tdm Hodng<br /> Khdo CO hpc tai khu di tich Hodng thdnh Thdng thdnh Thdng Long-Ha Ndi.<br /> Long, trong Ky yeu Hoi thao khoa hoc: 1000 ndm Tieu chi iii: Nhiing di tich trin mat ddt vd khai<br /> Viidng triiu Ly vd Kinh dd Thdng Long. Nxb. The qudt diidc trong Ibng ddt tai Khu Trung tdm Hodng<br /> gidi. Ha Npi, 2009, tr. 115-123.<br /> thdnh Thdng Long Id minh chiing ddc sdc vi qud<br /> (15), (17), (18). Dai Viet sd ky todn thii, tkp 1, trinh giao liiu vdn hoa ldu ddi, Id ndi tie'p nhdn<br /> sdd, tr. 244, 254, 248 nhiiu dnh hiibng vdn hoa tii bin ngodi, nhiiu hpc<br /> (16). Viet svC thdng gidm ciidng muc, tkp 1. Nxb.<br /> thuyi't, tii tiibng cd gid tri todn cdu cua vdn minh<br /> van Sfl Dia, Ha Npi, 1957, tr. 292.<br /> nhdn loai, ddc biet cua Phat gido, Nho gido, thuyit<br /> (19). Nhfl the, c6 le nha Nguyen da sfl dung<br /> phong thuy, md hinh viidng thdnh phiidng Ddng, md<br /> gin nhfl ca 4 canh cua Ca'm thanh Thang Long de<br /> hinh kie'n true qudn sii phiidng Tdy (thdnh Vauban),<br /> xay dflng thinh Ha Npi (hay c6 the noi thanh Ha<br /> din tii Trung Hoa, Chdmpa, Phdp, de too diing nin<br /> Npi thdi Nguyen gin trflng vdi Ca'm Thanh Thing<br /> nhiing net ddc ddo, sdng too cua mdt trung tdm<br /> Long thdi Ly, Trin, Le).<br /> chinh tri, kinh ti, vdn hda cda mpt qud'c gia viing<br /> (20). Sach Dai Viet sd ky todn thii ch6p vio<br /> chdu thd sdng Hong. Kit qud giao thoa, tiep biin vdn<br /> thang 3 nam 1230, Trin Thai Tong cho "dinh cac<br /> hda dd diidc biiu dat trong too diing cdnh quan, quy<br /> phfl&ng ve hai ben ta hflu cua kinh thanh, bdt<br /> hoach cdc cung dien, trong nghe thuat kie'n triic vd<br /> chiidc ddi triidc chia ldm 61 phUdng". Nhfl the.<br /> Thing Long 61 phflcing la m6 hinh to' chflc Kinh do nghi thuat trang tri cung dinh vdi diin biin vdn hda<br /> tfl deli Ly. Dieu nay cung dflpc phan anh trong cac da dang qua cdc thdi ky lich sd.<br /> nguon tfl li^u khac nhfl Ly ThflSng Kipt la ngfldi Tieu chi vi: Khu Trung tdm Hodng thdnh<br /> phfldng Thai Hoa, Thien sfl Dai Xa la ngfldi hp Thdng Long-Hd Ndi diidc xdy diing mang tinh lich<br /> Hfla b phfldng Dong Tac... sd, minh chiing ro net vi mdt di sdn cd lien he triic<br /> (21). Dai Viet svl ky tiin bien. Nxb. Khoa hpc xa tii'p vdi nhiiu sii kien trpng dai cua lich sd cua mdt<br /> hpi, 1997, tr. 242. qud'c gia ddn tpc vilng Ddng Nam A trong mdi<br /> (22), (23), (24), (25), (26). Dai Viet sd ky todn quan he khu viic vd thi gidi. Di sdn di cd Id bang<br /> thii, tap 1, sdd, tr. 241, 241, 240, 240, 240. chiing thuyit phuc vi svCc sdng vd khd ndng phuc<br /> (27). Khu Trung tam Hoang thanh Thang Long hiing cua mdt qud'c gia liin tuc phdi dot mat vdi<br /> dfldc c6ng nhan la Di san Vin h6a The gidi vi n6 cdc thi liic ngoai xdm. Di sdn di cd cbn ghi dam<br /> dap flng dfldc 3 tieu chf sau day de lam cd sd xac ddu dn thdng ldi cua mpt niidc thudc dia trong<br /> dinh va khing dinh gia tri ndi bit toan ciu cua n6: cudc ddu tranh chdng chu. nghia thiic ddn, gidnh<br /> Tieu chi ii: Khu Trung tdm Hodng thdnh dpc lap ddn tdc, cd dnh hiibng rpng ldn trong<br /> Thdng Long-Ha Ndi Id minh chiing duy nhdt vi phong trdo gidi phdng ddn tdc trin thi gidi.<br />