Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for trace pharmaceutical analysis: Preconcentration and the electrochemical determination of sufentanil in biological fluids

A magnetic molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was developed for selective determination of sufentanil (SUF) based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MAA-EGDMA NPs). The structural properties, chemical structure, and electrochemical behaviors of the imprinted sensor were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and square wave voltammetry (SWV), respectively.