Male individuals in cultivated Fritillaria persica L. (Liliaceae): Real androdioecy or gender disphasy

In the last twenty years the growing number of studies about the reproductive biology in angiosperms has brought to light new cases of andromonoecy and androdioecy, the rarest sexual models among flowering plants. Femalesterile sexual systems, especially within order Liliales and family Liliaceae, often seem to occur in the particular form of size/age dependent sex allocation, known as “gender disphasy”.