Methods of increasing the absorption capacity of metals to IR radiation by creating a surface composite layer saturated with nanomaterials

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Among the technological processes that require significant energy consumption, a significant role is played by the heating processes carried out by electric infrared heaters.

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Nội dung Text: Methods of increasing the absorption capacity of metals to IR radiation by creating a surface composite layer saturated with nanomaterials

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 1164-1171. Article ID: IJMET_10_03_118 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed METHODS OF INCREASING THE ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF METALS TO IR RADIATION BY CREATING A SURFACE COMPOSITE LAYER SATURATED WITH NANOMATERIALS German Vyacheslavovich Dmitrienko, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Fedorov, Georgy Leonidovich Rivin, Dmitriy Viktorovich Mukhin and Roman Andreevich Salaev Department of Aircraft Engineering Separate structural unit "Institute of Aviation Technologies and Control" Ulyanovsk State Technical University Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation ABSTRACT Among the technological processes that require significant energy consumption, a significant role is played by the heating processes carried out by electric infrared heaters. The efficiency of such heaters is defined as the perfection of the heater, that is, its ability to most effectively convert electrical energy into infrared energy and the ability to direct the flow of infrared radiation to the receiver as well as the perfection of the receiver, that is, its absorptive capacity and ability to transfer heat with minimal loss of the heated substance. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Infrared heating, Energy efficiency, Resistance. Cite this Article German Vyacheslavovich Dmitrienko, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Fedorov, Georgy Leonidovich Rivin, Dmitriy Viktorovich Mukhin and Roman Andreevich Salaev, Methods of Increasing the Absorption Capacity of Metals to Ir Radiation by Creating a Surface Composite Layer Saturated With Nanomaterials, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(3), 2019, pp. 1164-1171. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Relevance of the research topic In order to increase the efficiency of such heaters, as well as the energy efficiency of production as a whole, the team of authors in [1] proposed to create a surface composite layer saturated with carbon nanotubes [4-7], which allowed, firstly, to increase the absorption capacity of the surface to infrared (IR) radiation, secondly, to lower the surface temperature due to a http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1164 editor@iaeme.com
Methods of Increasing the Absorption Capacity of Metals to Ir Radiation by Creating a Surface Composite Layer Saturated With Nanomaterials significantly more intensive heat removal from the surface into the material. The latter effect can significantly reduce heat loss due to the appearance of IR radiation from the receiving surface in the opposite direction. 1.2. Formulation of the problem One of the significant advantages of the proposed approach compared to various types of coatings based on the effect of adhesion is resistance to the appearance of various types of damage and scratches, which are unavoidable in industrial conditions. As was shown, these damages do not lead to a noticeable decrease in the performance of the surface layer and are not the core of further surface destruction. However, at the time of writing [1-3] detailed studies of the effect of saturation of the surface layer with carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and resistance of the surface have not been carried out [26]. Later, these studies were conducted by the team of authors and their results will be presented in this article. Figure 1. Friction machine 1.3. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to identify the effect of the created surface composite layer saturated with carbon nanotubes on the resistance of the material. The technology of creating the surface layer in this study was not optimized, since it is assumed that the intended purpose of the coating is to increase the absorptivity of the material to IR radiation and the surface processing parameters were selected optimal for the intended purpose [28]. Hardness, coefficient of friction in a pair of material-material with a surface treated with nanotubes and the resistance of material samples without processing with nanotubes and after processing were chosen as indicators characterizing the surface resistance [25]. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1165 editor@iaeme.com
German Vyacheslavovich Dmitrienko, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Fedorov, Georgy Leonidovich Rivin, Dmitriy Viktorovich Mukhin and Roman Andreevich Salaev 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental studies include the following steps: 1. Samples are weighed on an analytical VL-224 (V) balance, the hardness of samples is measured using a LOMO PMT-3M microhardness tester, the samples are examined in a microscope. 2. Samples are installed in the friction machine (Fig. 1), the sample rotation speed is set at 200 rpm, and within 10 minutes tests are carried out with measurement of the friction coefficient. 3. Re-weighing of samples and calculation of sample conducted during testing. To confirm the convergence of the results, the tests were carried out on 6 samples of each type, while the deviations of the results from the average value did not exceed 2.5% [27]. 3. RESULTS Typical graphs of friction coefficient changes during sample testing are shown in Fig.2 1 0.9 Friction coefitient 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time, sec а) Without processing with carbon nanotubes 0.8 Friction coefitient 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time, sec b) After processing http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1166 editor@iaeme.com
Methods of Increasing the Absorption Capacity of Metals to Ir Radiation by Creating a Surface Composite Layer Saturated With Nanomaterials Figure 2. Changing of the coefficient of friction during the test samples From the graphs it can be seen that in the process of testing samples without surface processing with carbon nanotubes (Fig. 2a), there is a significant change in the value of the friction coefficient, which reflects the processes of intensive burn-in of samples, accompanied by intense surface resistance. In the process of testing samples coated with a composite layer saturated with carbon nanotubes (Fig. 2b), the value of the friction coefficient varies slightly, which indicates a significantly lower intensity of the running-in process and surface resistance. A) b) c) d) Figure 3. View of the surface under a microscope of samples without processing with carbon nanotubes (a and b) and after processing (c and d), respectively, before testing in a friction machine (a and c) and after testing (b and d) The study of the surface structure of samples under a microscope (Fig. 3) showed that: 1. Firstly, when testing samples processed with carbon nanotubes, such a significant failure of the surface structure does not occur as when tested in similar conditions of untreated samples. Not observed the formation of a significant number of grooves, scratches, scuffing of the surface layers. 2. Secondly, the inclusion zones of carbon nanotubes in the structure of the material are clearly visible both on the samples before the tests and on the samples after the tests, which confirms the previously made assumption that intense surface resistance to a certain value will not significantly affect the absorbing ability of the material to IR radiation. Table 1. Average values of sample hardness and resistance Type of sample Hardness, HV Resistance, % Aluminum-Aluminum 157 0.172% Aluminum + CNT - Aluminum 183 0.0401% Table 1 and presents the values of surface hardness of the samples before and after processing with nanotubes, as well as the average values of resistance. As can be seen from the http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1167 editor@iaeme.com
German Vyacheslavovich Dmitrienko, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Fedorov, Georgy Leonidovich Rivin, Dmitriy Viktorovich Mukhin and Roman Andreevich Salaev table, the saturation of the surface layers with carbon nanotubes leads to a significant increase in hardness and a decrease in total resistance by 4.3 times. Figures 4-6 illustrate the friction coefficient of aluminum on aluminum No 1 and 2 and on the coating of CNT. The results of the experiment are presented in the Table 2. Figure 4. The graph of friction coefficient of aluminum on aluminum No. 1 1 Friction coefitient 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time, sec Figure 5. The graph of friction coefficient of aluminum on aluminum No. 2 0.8 coefitient 0.6 Friction 0.4 0.2 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time, sec Figure 6. Graph of the coefficient of friction of aluminum on the coating of CNT http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1168 editor@iaeme.com
Methods of Increasing the Absorption Capacity of Metals to Ir Radiation by Creating a Surface Composite Layer Saturated With Nanomaterials Table 2. Results of the research Weight before testing, Type of samples Weight after the test, gr Hardness, HV Resistance, % gr Aluminum №1 14.7978 14.7723 157 0.172% Aluminum № 2 14.6911 14.6553 157 0.243% CNT 14.7096 14.7037 183 0.0401% Photos of test samples go as follow: Before After Figure 7. Photos of test samples 4. CONCLUSION To sum up, it can be said that the studies carried out confirmed the earlier assumptions that the surface processing of the metal with carbon nanotubes, in addition to increasing the absorption capacity for IR radiation, would significantly increase the surface durability, moreover, mechanical resistance would not destroy the resulting structure to a certain limit properties of the surface composite layer. REFERENCES [1] Muhin, D. V., Fedorov, A. A.and Salaiev, R. A. Investigation of the possibility of increasing the absorption capacity of metals to IR radiation by creating a surface composite layer saturated with nanomaterials. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 20(4), 2018, pp. 402- 405. [2] Zhukov, A. A. Korpukhin, A. S. and Lavrishchev, V. P. RF patent №2503103, a method of manufacturing an absorbing coating, 12.27.2013. http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2503103 [3] Chistiakov, S. A., Chistiakov, S. S. RF patent №2548475, Infrared Absorbing Compound for Impregnating Textiles, 09.24.2013. [4] Ajayan, P. M. and Tour, J. M. Material Science: nanotube composites. Nature, 447, 2007, pp. 1066 - 1068. DOI: 10.1038/4471066a [5] Akatenkov, R. V. Influence of small amounts of functionalized nanotubes on the physicomechanical properties and structure of epoxy compositions. Deformation and destruction of materials, 1(11), 2011, pp. 117 - 132. [6] Klimov, E. S. Some aspects of the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition and the characteristics of the material obtained. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 87(8), 2014, pp. 1128 - 1132. [7] Zhu, R., Pan, E.and Roy, A. K. Molecular dynamics study of stress – strain behavior of carbon – nanotube reinforced Epon 862 composites. Material Science and Engineering A, 447, 2007, pp. 51 - 57. https://blogs.uakron.edu/ernianpan/files/2014/09/105_2007MSEAZhuPanRoy.pdf http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1169 editor@iaeme.com
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