NGHIEN cufu - TRAO DOI<br />
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Nhieu ket qud nghien cdu dd chdng minh viec trdng Ida tren ddt nudi tdm Id Men<br />
phdp canh tdc gidp cdi tao mdi trUdng rdt tdt. Ddy la md hinh dd dUdc khuye'n cdo nhieu<br />
ndm vd ngdy cdng khdng dinh tinh ben vffng cua nd. Gan ddy, trong kit hdp nghien<br />
cdu md hinh thich nghi vdi sU Men ddi khi hdu todn cdu, nhieu bdo cdo cua cdc nhd<br />
khoa hpc cdn cho rang md hinh canh tdc tdm - Ida Id md hinh ndng nghiep thich nghi<br />
vdi Men ddi khi hdu. Hieu qud kinh te da rd, tuy nhien vdi viec phdt trien mot cdch<br />
"thdn tdc" thi yeu tdben vffng cung Id vdn de cdn quan tdm trong canh tdc md hinh tdm -<br />
Ida ddong bang sdng Cdu Long.<br />
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'^ot so Siin p/tdp fy ffiu^tp^dttrim 6m vffm<br />
MO HINH TOM - LUA 6 DBSCL<br />
TS. NGUYEN CONG THANH<br />
Vien Lua DBSCL<br />
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Mo hinh tom - Ida thich nghi vdi bie'n doi v l hieu qua kinh td, d Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu,<br />
khi hau Ca Mau, Kien Giang... mo hinh san xual d cac<br />
Ve ten gpi cua md hinh ndy, nhilu khi chdng xa vung tom Ida trong nhdng nam gan day dang<br />
ta con "cau tha" khong dung dung nhU ten gpi phdt trien rdi da dang vdi cdc loai hinh nhy nuoi<br />
cua nd nhy la mo hinh tom - Ida hay la md hinh torn su, torn cang xanh, nudi cd, ke^t hpp trdng<br />
Ida - tom?. Nhilu ban ddng nghiep cua toi d Ilia, tan dyng dat bd bao trdng mau vd chan nuoi.<br />
cac tinh co mo hinh tdm - Ida phat trien manh Mo hinh ndy da gidp nhilu hp dan tang thu nhap<br />
da dl nghi tdi nen gpi la mo hinh tom - Ida chd va cupc sd'ng dUpc dn dinh hPn.<br />
khong gpi la md hinh Ida - tom vi sy ddng gdp v l tinh thich nghi cua mo hinh: theo dinh<br />
vl mat kinh tl^ cao cua con tom noi rieng trong hudng cua nganh nong nghiep thi viec xay dUng<br />
he thd'ng luan canh vdi Ida. mo hinh san xuat torn - lua la rai phu hpp. Viec<br />
tdng kel cung da dypc khang dinh qua<br />
^ l i M l i ^ ' i ' - ".i»*«^v JikvW»~;^ nhilu hpi thao. Qua dd cho tha'y rang,<br />
viec nuoi tom, ke cd con tdm su va<br />
torn cang xanh ludn canh trong rudng<br />
Ida nhieu nam tai ddng bdng song Cdu<br />
Long (DBSCL) cho ket qua toi ca ve<br />
kinh te, xa hpi va mdi tru'dng, trong<br />
do ye'u tdiiidi tritdng la dieu rai quan<br />
trpng. Kel qua nghien cdu da chffng<br />
minh viec trdng Ida tren dai nuoi torn<br />
la bien phap canh tac giup cai tao<br />
moi trffdng rdi tdt. Hai doi tffpng nuoi<br />
CO tac dpng tffpng hd cho nhau co<br />
Md hinh tdm - Ida ben vffng. Anh: Phan Thanh Cudng tinh chu ky. Day la mo hinh da dffpc<br />
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TAP CHI KHOA HOC C A N THO 19<br />
NGHIEN cufu-TRAO BOI<br />
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khuyen cao nhilu nam va ngay cang khang dinh sdu vao ddi lien la dilu khd trdnh khdi. Theo<br />
tinh ben vffng cua nd. Con tdm su/cang xanh dy bao cua Vien Nghien cdu phat trien DBSCL,<br />
nudi trong md hinh nay cd khd nang dam bao kha nang cd de'n 2,4 trieu ha bi nydc bien xdm<br />
sach benh. Cdn cay Ida trdng sau vy tom, dac nhap man, nhilu dien tich chuyen trdng Ida 2<br />
biet la cac gid'ng Ida vffa khdng phen, man vd vu/nam se khong the sdn xudi dffpc do nffdc man<br />
Ida mua dia phffPng thich nghi tdt vdi md hinh trdn vao. Luc do, mo hinh canh tac mdt vu lua,<br />
nen khong sff dyng thude bao ve thffc vat nhilu mot vu tom la thich ffng nhdl. DBSCL cd hPn 1,4<br />
lam cho hat cd chai Iffdng cao va an toan. trieu ha dai ngap nffdc do tdc ddng cua xam nhap<br />
San xual cac mo hinh nong nghiep hien nay man. Con so nay se tang len do qud trinh bie'n<br />
cdn dac biet quan tdm chu trpng de'n sff thich ddi khi hdu, cy the la nydc bien dang, xam nhap<br />
nghi cua md hinh hay he thong canh tdc ddi vdi man sdu vdo ddi hIn. Khoanh viing ngpt hoa de<br />
bie'n ddi khi hau toan cau. Doi vdi nu'dc ta, trydc trff ngpt san xuat Ida la dilu khdng tu'dng. Chinh<br />
nhffng dien bie'n bdi thffdng cua khi hau anh nhffng ddng nffdc man xam nhap vao rudng liia<br />
hffdng ldn den moi trffdng sd^ng cua con ngffdi. da tao dilu kien cho ngffdi ndng ddn nudi torn<br />
To chffc Bdo tdn thien nhien Qudc te' tai Viet va cung chinh hp "phat minh" ra md hinh san<br />
Nam (lUCN) da dffa ra mot khung chie^n Iffpc tff xuat Ida - tdm" (Bdo SGGP, 19/10/2009).<br />
nay den 2010 vdi chd d l tim kiem sff can bang Mo hinh tom - Ida da khang dinh tinh bin<br />
trong mot the gidi thay ddi nham khac phuc tinh vffng cua nd, ngodi ra gan day trong kl^t hpp<br />
trang nay. Theo lUCN, vdi bd bien dai 3.260km<br />
nghien cdu mo hinh thich nghi vdi sff bien ddi khi<br />
va cd hai trong so' nhffng ddng bang Idn nhat<br />
hdu todn can, nhilu bdo cdo cua cac nha khoa<br />
the gidi, Viet Nam la mot trong nhffng quoc gia<br />
hpc con cho rdng mo hinh canh tdc tdm - Ida la<br />
tren the' gidi dl bi dnh hffdng nhdl bdi bidn ddi<br />
mo hinh nong nghiep thich nghi vdi bil^n ddi khi<br />
khi hau. Chi can mffc nffdc bien dang cao Im se<br />
hdu. Tai hpi thao phat trien he thong canh tac<br />
cd kha nang dnh hffdng tdi ddi sdng cua 10,8%<br />
Ida - tom cdc tinh ven bien DBSCL td chdc tai<br />
dan sd Viet Nam, nhdl la d ddng bang. Ne'u mffc<br />
Sdc Trang cudi thang 9 nam 2009, cdc nha khoa<br />
nffdc bien ddng cao 5m thi Viet Nam se bi mat<br />
hpc cho rang day la md hinh sdn xudi thich dng<br />
tdi 16% dien tich dai dai; khoang 35% dan sd<br />
vdi dien bie'n bdi thydng cua bie'n ddi khi hau<br />
va 35% tdng sdn pham qud'c noi se bi de dpa.<br />
va trong dien dan Khuye'n nong @ cong nghe<br />
Ddy la mot va'n d l cap thidt doi vdi Viet Nam.<br />
lan thd 7 - 2009 chuyen d l "sdn xual luan canh<br />
Cac tac dpng cua bien ddi khi hdu ban dau cd<br />
tom - Ida ddng bdng song Cffu Long" tai Dong<br />
the nhdn tha'y dffpc thong qua nhffng thay ddi vl<br />
khi hau theo mua d cac viing miln khdc nhau. Thap ngdy 2/10/2009 cung cd nhilu bao cao dl<br />
Lu'png mffa va mda mffa cung se thay ddi. Tinh cap de'n kha nang thich nghi vdi bien ddi khi<br />
trang nay anh hffdng nghiem trpng tdi ddi sdng hdu cua mo hinh canh tdc Ida - torn va dl xuat<br />
cua nong dan. Ben canh dd, bie'n ddi khi hau CO kha nang md rdng dien tich len 200.000 ha<br />
cung gay tdn hai nhilu hPn doi vdi cdc khu vffc trong nhffng nam tdi.<br />
ddi ngap nffdc, ran san hd, cac he sinh thai quan Mot so'van de can quan tam trong canh tac<br />
trpng khac. Tuy nhien, thach thffc ldn nhdl lai mo hinh tom - Ida d DBSCL<br />
la khi mffc nu'dc bien ddng len. Dau den la sff<br />
Trong sff chuyen ddi chung ve cP ca'u cay<br />
gia tang tinh trang ngap lut trong mua mya bao<br />
trdng vat nuoi ndng ddn cdc tinh thupc Ban dao<br />
do nffdc bien dang len pha vd he thdng de bien,<br />
Ca Mau nhff Ca Mau, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu<br />
hd chda nffdc va nhan chim nhffng canh ddng<br />
Ida d vung ddng bang ven bien.... (Bdo dien td trong nhffng nam gan ddy canh tac rai cd hieu<br />
Kinh tedo thi, 8/6/2007). qua dffpc mua thang lpi ldn mo hinh canh tac<br />
1 vu Ida, 1 vu tom. Theo Bao Nong nghiep Viet<br />
Nhilu bao cao cua cac nhd khoa hpc cho rang Nam: Bay gid nong dan vung ven bien Bdn ddo<br />
DBSCL chiu tac ddng cua bien ddi khi hdu nang Ca Mau xem md hinh liia - tom la cdu canh<br />
nhdt so vdi todn quoc, kha nang xdm nhap man chinh de vffc lai kinh te ndng hp. Diem nhan cua<br />
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20 TAP CHI KHOA HOC C A N THO<br />
NGHIEN cufu - TRAO BOI<br />
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md hinh Ida - tom la khong chi gidp ngffdi ddn song ngoi, kenh, rach tff nhien, phuc vu san<br />
no cai byng ma con thu lpi nhuan cao tff mot cay xuat nong nghiep vdi nhiem vu tieu ung, x6<br />
va mot con. Hieu qua kinh te' da ro nhffng viec phen, ngan man, giff ngpt la chinh. Sau khi cd<br />
phat trien "than to'c" thi yeu to'bin vffng dang chu trffPng dieu chinh quy hoach san xuat theo<br />
lam dau dau lanh dao dia phffdng. mo hinh Ida - torn thi tff he thd'ng thuy lpi phuc<br />
vu cho trdng Ida la chuyen sang sdn xudt ludn<br />
Do thieu quy hoach, do ndng ddn tff phat chay<br />
canh Ida - torn vdi thdi gian qua nhanh, dien tich<br />
theo lpi nhuan va viec md rong quy mo nuoi torn<br />
qua ldn va yeu cau dau tff qua cao, lam cho he<br />
d at da ddn den hau qua thdi bai d nhilu nPi gan<br />
thdng thuy lpi hien tai khong cdn phu hpp vdi<br />
day can phai quan tam de'n viec quy hoach co<br />
thffc te', khdng dap ffng dffpc yeu cau cap, thoat<br />
khoa hpc vd chii y vl dac diem ddi dai va moi<br />
nffdc cho san xual d ca he sinh thdi man, ngpt<br />
trffdng. Quy hoach vung san xual Ida - tom tren<br />
vd man - ngpt dan xen. (Trudng Vdn, 2005).<br />
cd sd can cff kel qua xay dffng ban dd dPn vi dai<br />
dai dya vao tieu chuan cua FAO chi nen canh - Dich benh bung phat gay thai thu vd do chai<br />
tdc ddi vdi ddi dai cd tinh thich nghi tdi. Tff do, Iffpng con gidng khong dam bao: theo UBND<br />
quy hoach dien tich ddi mo hinh tdm - Ida tinh tinh Bac Lieu, nam 2008, benh tom bung phdt<br />
de'n nam 2015 va 2020 la 147.000 ha cho ca manh trong thdng 02 va thdng 3, tap trung chd<br />
vung DBSCL gdm 8 tinh co khd nang san xua^t ye'u d khu vffc huyen Phydc Long, Hdng Dan,<br />
mo hinh torn - Ida la Long An, Tiln Giang, Be^n Dong Hdi va hen tuc phat sinh d nhffng thdng<br />
Tre, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau va con lai trong nam; dien tich bi nhilm benh xay<br />
Kien Giang (Hodng Qudc Tudn, 2009). ra d tat cd hinh thde nuoi tom cong nghiep vd<br />
ban cong nghiep, nuoi tom qudng canh cai til^n,<br />
Theo ke^ hoach nam 2009, Bac Lieu cd<br />
nudi tdm qudng canh cai Ue^n ket hpp va tom - Ida;<br />
khodng 18.000 ha Ida - tom nhffng de'n nay chi<br />
tdng dien tich bi thiet hai 22.OOOha (dien tich<br />
rieng huyen Hong Dan nong dan xuong giong thiet hai > 50%: 8.070ha, trong do nuoi cong<br />
16.200 ha, huyen Phffdc Long con so' nay da la nghiep vd bdn cdng nghiep 980ha); doi tffPng<br />
11.000 ha, Gid Rai 6.000 ha... tren dai nudi tdm. gay hai chu ye'u la benh ddm trang, dau vdng;<br />
Lanh dao Phong Nong nghiep huyen Hong Dan tdng dien tich dffpc khac phyc 18.050ha. Nguyen<br />
cho biet: "Huyen chi quy hoach 8.000 ha san nhan chinh Id do he thd'ng cung cd'p nydc man<br />
xual Ida - tom, nhffng trffdc lpi nhuan ma mo hinh cho cac khu vyc nay chya dat yeu cau, thdi tie^t<br />
mang lai thi da cd mdt sd dien dch chuyen torn nang ndng, cong trinh nudi khdng ddm bdo yeu<br />
ngffdi dan cung chuyen sang mo hinh Ida - torn. cau ky thuat, mdc nydc ao qua tha^p lam cho mdi<br />
Day la dilu dang mffng nhffng do cung la ndi lo tru'dng nuoi bie'n dpng manh, chdi Iffpng tom<br />
cua dia phffPng se vd he thd^ng quy hoach. Theo giong khong dam bao, mot bd phdn ngffdi ddn<br />
Sd NN&PTNT Bac Lieu, dien tich Ida tren dai thie'u kien thffc va kinh nghiem nuoi torn..., dan<br />
tom nam 2009 cd kha nang len de'n gan 30.000 de'n tdm nudi bi dich benh va bung phdt tren dien<br />
ha, vffpt ke' hoach tff 12.000 ha trd len (Bdo rong. (UBND tinh Bac Lieu, 12/8/09).<br />
NNVN, 17/10/09).<br />
- Chay theo lpi nhuan con tom khdng quan<br />
Ben canh nhffng thdnh tffu dat dffpc cua md<br />
tdm tinh bin vffng cua mo hinh Ida - tdm ddn den<br />
hinh canh tdc Ida - tom, chinh quyln cac huyen<br />
that bai: Khdo sat cua Donna va Tran Thanh Be<br />
cd mo hinh tom - Ida tinh Bac Lieu, Ca Mau,<br />
(Tran Thanh Be, 2009) cho thd'y rang sau nhffng<br />
Sdc Trang va nhilu tinh DBSCL vdn cdn ban<br />
thdi bai khi chuyen sang torn chuyen canh do<br />
khoan trffdc sff ty phdt md rong dien tich cua<br />
chay theo lpi nhuan ma bd canh tac Ida, nong<br />
bd con nong dan do mot sd van dl ldn con tdn<br />
dan cdc huyen My Xuyen vd Gia Rai da trd lai<br />
tai can khac phuc trong viec phdt trien mo hinh<br />
vdi he thdng Ida - tom (1 vu Ida -i- 1-2 vy torn<br />
nhff sau:<br />
sd vdi mat dp thich hpp td 5-7 con/m^) cho thu<br />
- He thd'ng thuy lpi cho viec nudi tom chffa nhap cao va bin vffng hPn chi chuyen canh Ida<br />
that sff hoan chinh, chu ye'u dffa vao he thdng hoac tom.<br />
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TAP CHI KHOA HOC CAN THO 21<br />
NGHIEN cufu-TRAO BOI<br />
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- Viec chay theo lpi nhuan con tdm da lam - Can quy hoach vung tdm - Ida can cd ket<br />
phd vd tinh bin vffng cua md hinh cung nhan qua xay dUng bdn do dPn vi ddi dai va xet sff<br />
thdy d Soc Trang: Theo sd lieu mdi nhal cua thich nghi theo khuye'n cao cua FAO.<br />
nganh ndng nghiep Sdc Trang thi nhffng hp nudi - Den dau mua mUa, tranh thu cdc dpt mffa<br />
torn sau khi thu hoach vu tdm chinh vu lai tha Idn den hanh bPm tat rffa man. Kinh nghiem cho<br />
ngay tom sd vy 2 dIu bi thiet hai. Trong so'dien thd'y viec rffa man torn nuoi vdn khong bi anh<br />
tich tren 4.520 ha, dien tich thiet hai chie'm tdi hffdng. Khi dp man xud'ng thd'p thi giff nffdc d<br />
2.676 ha (chie'm gan 60% dien tich vu 2). Day cdc dpt mffa tiep theo de nuoi tom.<br />
la dilu md ngdnh ndng nghiep lo ngai vd da<br />
- De'n thdi diem thdng 8 dffPng lich khi nffdc<br />
khuye'n cao ngydi ddn khong nudi tdm trai vu<br />
ngpt ngodi sdng dn dinh, nong dan nen theo doi<br />
tff nhilu nam nay, nhUng gan nhff da trd thdnh<br />
dy bdo khi typng thdi del ddn cdc tran mya va<br />
thong le, tom chinh vu co gid thi sau dd vy 2<br />
Ue^n hdnh bdm tdt nitdc rda man va ddn hanh<br />
dien tich se tang manh va... thdi nang. Khong<br />
ngam u giong gieo sa ngay.<br />
nhffng dien tich thiet hai ldn md cd cay Ida tren<br />
vung ddi nudi tom cung lai loi hen trydc sdc - Trong trydng hpp xud'ng gid'ng gap phai cac<br />
hap ddn ve Ipi nhuan cua con tom... Do la chya trdn mya thi cay Ida phdt trien toi, de cham sdc,<br />
ke dl^n viec xudng gid'ng khong ddng loat se It tdn phdn thuoc... ngypc lai ne^u it mya hoac<br />
rdi khd khan cho cong tdc phong cho'ng dich nang ndng thi cay Ida can cham sdc nhilu hPn.<br />
hai, dac biet ray nau. Rieng huyen My Xuyen, Luc nay nl^u sau ba ngdy xudng gidng md khong<br />
du khd cd khd nang dat 12 ngdn ha Ida Dong mya thi tien hdnh bPm tdt nUdc rffa man va cham<br />
Xudn theo chi tieu phan ddu, nhyng theo dng soc bdn phan trong vong 10 ngay khong cd mffa<br />
Lypng Minh Quyel, PCT UBND huyen thi My gidp cho cdy Ida vffpt qua thdi del khd khan va<br />
Xuyen se cd gang hodn thanh ke hoach xuong sau dd phyc hdi tdt.<br />
gid'ng 10 ngdn ha Ida vy ndy de giff vffng Id - Chu ddng rda man ngay tff nhffng trdn mffa<br />
dia bdn trpng diem mo hinh tom - Ida cua tinh. ldn dau mda, khi dp man xudng thdp lai dl^p tuc<br />
(www.mekongdeIta.com.vn). thd tom nuoi.<br />
- De'n thdi diem xuong gid'ng Ida mat dat<br />
Nhi?ng va'n de ky t h u a t can quan t a m<br />
rudng phai dffpc thdo can, phPi khd sau dd lay<br />
phat trien mo hinh tom - Ida<br />
nffdc vdo ngam da^t khodng 15 ngay de dat cd<br />
- Can giff vffng tinh bin vffng hen hoan cua nhffa bun tie'n hdnh sa giong. Giong phdi dffpc<br />
md hinh tom - Ida, khong chay theo Ipi nhuan ngam u cd mpng td^t. Sau mot dem xud'ng gid'ng,<br />
con tom cho du dffpc gid bdn tom qud cao ma mat dat rupng phai dUpc thdo khd de ddn mffa<br />
phd bd mo hinh hoac thd tom qud day khong theo tie'p tuc rffa man.<br />
khuye'n cdo mat dp tha thffa, phu hpp.<br />
- Doi vdi Ida ca'y viec rffa man cung nhff Ida<br />
- Mo hinh canh tac tdm - Ida hien nay le thupc sa, tuy nhien trffdc khi cay ma can dffpc nhd<br />
thdi tiel qud nhilu nen nhffng nam it mffa mffc gidm 2 dem cd re nhd sau do den hanh cay<br />
dp thiet hai v l dien tich Ida bi mdi trang va so' (khdng cdy sdu vi cay sau r l ngap dp man trong<br />
dien tich hi thiet hai qua cao. ddi anh hffdng phdt trien cay Ida).<br />
- Cac huyen d phia Nam Qudc Id 1A tinh Bac - Mda vy tap trung tff thdng 8 de'n cudi thdng<br />
Lieu hien dang nuoi tdm nffdc Ip qudng canh cdi 9, doi vdi gieo ma ca'y (Ida mua - Mdt byi do...)<br />
den tren nIn dai man trung binh, man nhilu, gieo ma tren bd tff dau thdng 6 de'n thdng 7<br />
phen tiem nong (Spl), phen hoat dpng nong dffPng lich, tudi ma 45-60 ngay. Tap trung ca'y<br />
(Sjl), khi thd tdm gid'ng nffdc trong dam cd dp tff thang 8 de'n thdng 9 dffdng lich cho gid'ng<br />
man Idn hPn 15%o va thie'u nffdc ngpt thi khdng Mot bui do va cdc gid'ng Ida mua khdc.<br />
nen san xudi Ida tren dat nudi tom vi rdi d l gap - v l ky thuat canh tac can phd bien vd dp<br />
rdi ro cao (Hodng Qudc Tudn, 2009). dung ddng quy trinh rieng cho md hinh san xudi<br />
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22 TAP CHI KHOA HOC CAN THd<br />
NGHIEN cufu-TRAO BOI<br />
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tdm - Ida. Trong do ddi vdi Ida mua (Mot byi do • Nhdm gid'ng Ida cao san ngan ngdy cho<br />
va cac gid'ng khac) can bon lot khodng 80 kg/ha nang sual, chai Iffdng cao cho nhffng vdng Ida -<br />
phdn hffu cP vi sinh, han che phan hda hpc. Cdng tom tffpng doi thuan lpi nhff: AS 996, OM 4900,<br />
thffc phdn hoa hpc bdn thde cac dpt cho Ida mua OM2717, ST5, OM4498...<br />
khoang 40 N-30 Pp.-lOKp (Kg/ha). • Nhdm gid'ng Ida mua dai ngay, nang sual<br />
- Chd y v l bdo ve thffc vat cho Ida trong da^t trung binh, chdi hrpng cao, bd tri san xual d<br />
nuoi tdm can sff dyng cdc loai thud'c sinh hpc va nhffng vung dieu kien ddi nhiem man it, chdm<br />
cac loai thuoc dupe khuye'n cdo khong dpc hai man, vung ngap sdu: Mot bui do. Than ndng go'c<br />
cho tdm, cd nhy sau: Ray nau: Applaud, Actara,<br />
tim, Trang trdn, Lun Kien Giang. Ngoai ra bao<br />
sdu due thdn: Regent, Padan, cdc loai sau Id:<br />
cao kinh nghiem cdc xii nudi tom d Ca Mau cdn<br />
Vertimec, Dipel, benh dao dn: Fuji one, Kasai,<br />
khuydn cdo cdc gidng Ida mua nhff: Tep hdnh.<br />
benh ddm van: Rovral, Validamycin...<br />
Mot bui do. Than nong gdc tim Trai mdy,<br />
- v l gid'ng Ida dp dyng trong mo hinh Ida<br />
Ndng Qudt... Trong dd Mot bui do muon hPn<br />
tdm can chu y dp dung cdc gid'ng da qua nghien<br />
mot tuan nhyng nang suat cao hPn.<br />
cdu vd khuye'n cdo la cd khd nang chiu man tdt<br />
nhy sau: - v l mat dp thd tdm nhffng nghien cffu cua<br />
+ Nghien cdu cua Trydng Dai hpc Can ThP cd cac nha khoa hpc gan ddy di de^n khuye'n cdo<br />
khuye'n cdo cac gidng Ida sau ddy td ra phu hpp mat dp gia tang de'n tren 10 con/m^ la khong phu<br />
cho ca hai chdn rupng Ida - tom va Ida chuyen hpp vdi mo hinh Ida tdm, thffdng that bai hdn<br />
canh d Gia Rai va My Xuyen trong nam 1997, va khdng cho thu nhap cao vd bin vffng so vdi<br />
1998: MTL 119, MTL 205 va MTL 207. Trong mat dp 5-7 con/m^.<br />
dd, gid'ng MTL 119 cho nang sual vypt trpi gid'ng - v l qudn ly dich benh: Thffc hien cong tdc<br />
ddi chdng IR 64. phdn tich benh tom va ke^t hpp vdi cac thdng tin<br />
+ Gid'ng AS 996 cho'ng chiu man tdi, cdc v l khi hau, thdi det, chat Iffpng nffdc mat... de<br />
gid'ng ST3, ST5 dypc nong ddn san xudi Ida - dy bdo, dy dnh, thdng bao kip thdi dich benh<br />
tom chdp nhan. tren tdm nudi tren cdc phydng tien thong dn<br />
+ Tai Bac Lieu vd Ca Mau gidi thieu cdc dai chdng. Theo doi dien bie'n tinh hinh dich<br />
gid'ng Mot byi dd, Tep hdnh... benh tren tdm nuoi, thong ke dien tich bi thiet<br />
+ Trung tdm Khuyen nong va Khuyl^n ngy hai, hydng ddn ndng, ngy dan xd ly tom nuoi bi<br />
Ca Mau gidi thieu cac gid'ng sau: benh vd khac phyc thiet hai. Phdi hdp vdi Trung<br />
• Gid'ng Ida cao sdn ngan ngay nang sudi tdm Khuye'n nong - Khuye'n ngy tuyen truyen,<br />
cao chdi Iffpng tha'p gieo sa cho vung khd khan, tap hudn cho ngydi nuoi cdc bien phdp ky thuat<br />
nhilm man nhilu nhff: Lda lai B-TEl, OM 576, nudi, phong tri benh tom, bien phap xff ly tdm<br />
OM 1490... bi thiet hai v.v... •<br />
<br />
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br />
- Tran Thanh Be (2009). Phat trien ben viJng he thd^ng canh tac lua - tom viing nffdc Id DBSCL: Ket qua nghien ciJu<br />
va van de quan tam. Trang 23-31. Didn dan Khuye'n nong @ cong nghe lan 7-2009 ngay 2/10/09 tai Dong Thap.<br />
- Bao dien tii: Kinh te do thi (08/06/2007). Cach tie'p can de thich u'ng vdi bie'n ddi khi hau.<br />
- Bao SGGP (2009). Mo hinh lua - tom d DBSCL: Thich vlng bien ddi khi hau (19/10/2009).<br />
- Hoang Qudc Tuan (2009). Tom tat thffc trang va dinh hffdng phat trien mo hinh tom (nu'dc Id) - Itia d 8 tinh thuoc<br />
vijng ven bien DBSCL. Trang 3-7. Dien dan Khuye'n nong @ cong nghe Ian 7-2009 ngay 2/10/09 tai Dong Thap.<br />
- Tru'dng Van (24.12.2005). Hau qua ciia chu'dng tnnh Liia - Tom.<br />
http://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/2005/12/24/ResultOfPaddyShrimpFieldsProgram_TVan/(cap nhat ngay<br />
23/10/2007).<br />
- UBND linh Bac Lieu: Quyet dinh sd 738/QD-UBND, ngay 12 thang 8 nam 2009 ve viec ban hanh Ke hoach<br />
phdng trif dich benh torn nudi nam 2009 tren dia ban tinh Bac Lieu.<br />
- www.nongnghiep.vn (2009). Ban dao Ca Mau: Liia - torn tang than tdc. Ngay 17/10/2009.<br />
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TAP CHI KHOA HOC C A N THO 23<br />