Một số đặc điểm sinh học, sinh sản và thử nghiệm kích thích hooc-môn lên tuyến sinh dục loài cá Thia Đồng Tiền 3 chấm Dascyllus Trimaculatus (Ruppell, 1828) vùng Vịnh Nha Trang

HOI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT U\N THLf BA<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MQT SO DAC DIEM SINH HQC, SINH SAN VA SU THLT NGHIEM<br /> KiCH THICH HOOC-MON LEN TUYEN SINH DUC LOAI CA THIA DONG<br /> TIEN 3 CHAM DASCYLLUS TRIMACULATUS (Ruppell, 1828)<br /> VUNG VINH NHA TRANG<br /> <br /> LCONG THI BICH THUAN<br /> Trung tdm Nhiet dai Viet-Nga<br /> N. G. EMEL'YNOVA, D. A. PAVLOV<br /> Truang Dgi hoc Tong hap Quoc gia Maxcava, LB Nga<br /> <br /> "Da dang sinh hgc va cau tnic chuc ning - td chirc hp sinh thii ven bien" Ii de tai Idn dugc hai<br /> chinh phii Viet Nam - Nga thdng qua vi dugc cic cin bd khoa hgc Nga va Viet Nam tien hanh<br /> nghien cim tai Chi nhanh Ven bien Trang tim Nhiet ddi Vipt - Nga tir nam 1989 den nay. Mpt Uong<br /> nhtrng ngi dung nghien cim cua de tai Ii "nghien cim cic giai doan phit trien sdm ciia ci d Vjnh<br /> Nha Trang". Vdi kit qui thu dugc, da hmh thanh 2 tap Atlas ve hung vi iu tning ca vimg nay.<br /> Nhu da bilt, dai da sd cic loii ci biln khdng ty thanh thuc va sinh sin trong dilu kipn nudi<br /> nhot trong bl. Chinh vi vay, dl tang them tinh da dang cho tip Atlas tren chiing tdi da tien harih<br /> nghien cim mgt sd die dilm sinh hgc, sinh sin va thir nghiem kich thich hooc-mon len tuyen<br /> sinh due loii ci Thia dddng tiln 3 chim Dascyllus trimaculatus. Ca Thia dong tien 3 cham<br /> Dascyllus trimaculatus thudc hp ci Rd biln Pomacentridae Ii mot trong nhtmg ddi tugng nudi<br /> ca canh trong cic be kinh (Wabnitzet al., 2003).<br /> Vdi ip lyc khai thic nguon Igi ci cinh biln ngiy cang ting da giim nghiem trpng nguon Igi<br /> ca biln. D I dim bao nguon lgi vi khi ning khai thic bin vumg, dieu cin quan tam la nghien<br /> cim die dilm sinh hgc sinh sin vi kha ning sinh sin nhan tao ciia chiing. Song hien nay tai lieu<br /> nghien curu vl sinh hgc loai ci nay khdng nhilu. Dya tren cac sd lieu qua cic nim nghien cuu<br /> 2005 - 2007, bai vilt da xic djnh dugc mpt sd die dilm sinh hgc sinh sin va khi ning sinh sin<br /> cua loai ci niy bing phuang phip kich thich hooc-mdn.<br /> L TAI LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU<br /> 1. Tai lipu: Qh tiln hinh kich thich hooc-mdn sinh due ciia ca Thia dong tiln 3 chim, chiing<br /> toi dua vio ca sd nghien cuu ciia mgt sd tic gii : ApoHosHH T.M., Mac;ioBa O.H., .namma<br /> H.M.H A, BejioBa H.B (phin tai lipu tham khio) va kit qui nghien cim ve sy kich thich hooc-<br /> mon len tuyIn sinh due ciia loii Zebrasoma scopas nim 2006.<br /> 2. Vat lipu va phuo-ng phap nghien cuu<br /> - Ca thi nghipm dugc dat mua tir cic ngu dan bit dugc trong ty nhien ngay d Vimg Vjnh Nha<br /> Trang, giir sdng va van chuyin nhanh vl khu bl KBK thudc Chi nhinh Ven Bien - Tnmg tam<br /> Nhiet ddi Viet-Nga trong ngay dinh bit.<br /> - Tdng sd miu da tiln hinh nghien cuu la 327 ca thi, chilu daitoin than (L) dugc do tir<br /> mom ci din mep cudi ciia viy dudi, chilu dii (I) do tir mdm ca den het phan phu vay.<br /> - Can trgng lugng ci cd ngi quan (G); trgng lugng ca khdng cd noi quan (G,); trpng lugng<br /> tuyen sinh due ci (g) dugc can bing cin dipn tir cd do chinh xac 0,00Ig.<br /> - Xic dinh cac giai doan phit triln cua budng trimg theo thang 6 bic ciia G. V.NikoLxki.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1683<br />  HQI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN QUOC V £ SINH THAI V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THLf BA<br /> <br /> <br /> - Xic dinh sue sinh sin tuyet doi cua ca Thia ddng tiln 3 chim theo cdng thurc:<br /> Trong dd: X: sue sinh san tuyet doi.<br /> a : so luang trimg trong mau.<br /> a.gm ' ^<br /> -^ ^ gm: trpng lugng mau.<br /> g : trpng lugng tuyen sinh due.<br /> o<br /> <br /> Sure sinh sin tuyet ddi<br /> - Sue sinh sin tuong ddi: =<br /> Trgng lugng c i the cai<br /> - Tinh he so thinh thuc cua ca theo cdng thiirc:<br /> <br /> g g : trgng lugng tuyen sinh due.<br /> K= xIOO<br /> Gi Gi: trgng lugng ci khdng cd ngi quan.<br /> <br /> <br /> - Phuang phip lam tieu bin buong trumg: budng trumg^ dugc co dinh bing bouin, viii<br /> paraphin lam khdi due, cit lit mdng va tieu bin dugc nhudm bing hematoxylin va eosin.<br /> - Xic dinh sy sai khic gidi tinh trade khi tiem.<br /> - Lugng hooc-mdn vi phuang phip tiem nhu sau: Doi vdi loai hooc-mdn Sunphagdn (LH-<br /> RH-a) (5 + 15ng/kg ^^n 2: tiem sd lieu<br /> lugng hooc-mdn cdn lai.<br /> - Tien hinh thim trimg bing que lay trung de dinh gii tic dung cua hooc-mdn tmdc va sau<br /> khi tiem hooc-mdn lin I vi II.<br /> - Xac dinh thdi gian thu trung vi tinh chin mudi.<br /> <br /> n . KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ<br /> I. Mgt so dac diem sinh hgc sinh san ciia ca Thia dong tien 3 cham (Dascyllus trimaculatus)<br /> LL Miia vg sinh san: Kit qui phan tich cic giai doan chin muoi tuyen sinh due cua c i Thia<br /> ddng tien 3 chim cho thay: tir thing 1 den thing 6, cic ca the cii deu cd tuyen sinh due dang<br /> phit trien thinh thyc (giai doan IV, V). Trong budng trumg giai doan niy, ngoii te bio tnmg giai<br /> doan IV chiem da sd cdn cd cic te bao trung giai doan 111 vi II. Vi viy, c i Thia ddng tien 3<br /> cham Ii loii de phan dgt nhung tip trang tir thing 1 den thing 6.<br /> 1.2. Ca the dyc-cai: Nhu hiu het cic loii ci khic, Id sinh due cua c i Thia ddng tien 3 cham<br /> nam d giira vay bung vi vay hiu mdn. Vao miia sinh san, d Id sinh due cua con cai, hinh thanh<br /> mgt gai thit Idi cd chieu dai khoing 2-3mm, dya vao die diem nay de phan biet ca the dye va cii.<br /> 1.3. Hinh dang buong trung va tinh sao: Budng trung gdm hai thuy ddi xung nhau nim<br /> hai ben xoang bung va dinh nhau d phin dudi, cd miu ving tuai (hinh I b). Tinh sio ciing gdm<br /> hai thuy ddi xung nhau nim hai ben xoang bung va cung dinh nhau phin dudi nhu budng tnimg,<br /> khi thinh thuc cd mau tring sira (hinh 1 c).<br /> 1.4. Sue sinh san ciia ca Thia dong tien 3 cham: Ket qui phan tich d mgt sd ca the cai c6<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1684<br />  HOI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN QUOC V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT L^N THLf<br /> BA<br /> <br /> budng trung d a n g p h i t triln d giai doan IV v i V cho thiy sue sinh sin tuyet ddi dao ddng<br /> tir<br /> 5.100 trung / c i the cai den 20.140 tnmg/ci the cii. Sire sinh sin tuang doi tir'250 trima/g tron<br /> lugng than den 400 trimg/g trgng lugng than.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1I\ t ni3^2»p^..*<br /> si<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ^ J l6l*S*fi«rtar*rt«. m ^ i<br /> <br /> Hinhl: Hmh ca Thia dong tien 3 cham Dascyllus Hinh 2: Qua trinh phat trien tc bio trirng ciia<br /> trimaculatus v i tuyen sinh d\ic ca Tiiia dong tien 3 cham Dascyllus<br /> Hinh dang Dascyllus trimaculatus (hi-a); Hinh dang trimaculatus sau khi tiem hooc-mon<br /> bUong trirng (hl-b); Hinh dang tinh sao (hl-c) (1. Nhan te bao trimg; 2.Cac gipt dau)<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. 5. Kich thudc t h a m gia sinh san va hp so thanh thyc cua ca Thia dong tien 3 cham;<br /> Ca the cai cd kich thudc nhd nhit tham gia sinh sin la 8,5cm va chii yeu nhdm cd chilu dai tir<br /> 10,5 - 12cm. Hp sd thanh thyc cua c i cii dao dgng (0,37-8,27)% Uung binh la 2,48%. Ca dye<br /> dao ddng tir (0,06-1,50)%; hmng binh 0,74% (bing 1).<br /> Bdng 1<br /> Cac chi so sinh hgc ciia ca Thia dong tien 3 cham (Dascyllus trimaculatus)<br /> S^ Chieu dii Chieu dai Trpng Trpng Trpng H j so<br /> Gioi lugng than than tir lirgng toin lupng lugng hanh thpc<br /> tinh ca thi L (cm) vay duoi than than bo tuyen sinh K (%)<br /> nghiem l(cm) G (gam) npi tang dpc<br /> (con) G , (gam) (gam)<br /> 8,5- 13,0 7,5- 11,0 20,8 - 80,0 20,0 - 68,0 0,09 - 3,95 0,37-8,27<br /> Cacai 41<br /> 10,5 8,9 40,1 36,4 1,00 2,48<br /> 8,5 - 13,0 7,5- 11,2 17,6-86,0 16,9-80,0 0,01-0,69 0,06-1,50<br /> Cdduc 24<br /> 10,5 9,3 38,6 36,4 0,26 0,74<br /> Glii chu: Cac gia tri tren gach la gia Ui Idn nhat va gia tri nho nhat; Cac gia tri dudi gach la gia tri<br /> tmng binh.<br /> 2. Ket qua kich thich hooc-mdn len tuyen sinh dye cua ca Thia dong tien 3 cham<br /> Sau khi dem c i v l b l dugc (2-4) gid, chiing tdi bit diu tiem lin I, va khoing cich giira 2 lan<br /> liem la (12-17) gid. Sau (38-42) gid khi tiem lin I [ticc (21- 30) gia sau lan tiem thu II] ket qua<br /> <br /> <br /> 1685<br />  HOI NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THLf BA<br /> <br /> <br /> cho thiy cd (40-50)%) sd ci cai cho trung chin mudi va vudt dugc; te bao trung cd dudng kinh<br /> trung binh 650pm.<br /> 2.1. Qua trinh phat trien trirng ciia ca the cai sau khi tiem hooc-mdn<br /> Sy thim dd te bao trung trudc khi tiem hooc-mdn cho thiy d nhiing con cii cd tl bao trung<br /> cd dudng kinh: (500-550)nm (budng tning d giai doan IV) cd khi nang chin mudi va rung sau<br /> khi tiem hooc-mdn. d nhiJng tl bao trumg niy, cd nhan nam d gitra va cd vd sd gigt diu nhd bao<br /> quanh nhan (hinh 2 a, b). Sau khi tiem lan I, nhan dich chuyen ve eye ddng vat, ddng thdi cic<br /> giot dau hgp nhit lai.<br /> Trade khi tiem lin II, nhan van nam d gin eye ddng vat, cac gigt dau Idn han va bao xung<br /> quanh nhan (hinh 2 c, d) vi (hinh 2 e). Sau khi tiem lan II, nhan djch chuyen vl eye ddng vat va<br /> sy hgp nhit cic gipt dau van tiep tuc dien ra; ddng thdi ming nhan bit dau md di (hinh 2 f) .<br /> Khi hinh thinh 1-2 gigt diu Idn nhin khdng cdn the hien rd (hinh 2 g, h). Cac qui yinh hinh<br /> thinh nay di kem vdi vipc ting kich thudc cua cic te bao trumg, cic tl bao trumg gin rung trd<br /> nen trong sudt vi chi cdn duy nhat 1 gigt dau eye Idn (hinh 2 i, j).<br /> 2.2. Qua trinh phat trien tinh sao ciia ca the dye sau khi tiem hooc-mdn kich thich<br /> Sau khi tiem hooc-mdn kich thich lin II, cd (70-90)% c i thi dye cho tinh (tinh djch cd miu<br /> tring due nhu sira). Khi dimg tay vudt nhp hai ben hdng ciia bung ca, gin Id sinh due ciia ci thi<br /> dye, ta thiy mgt chit dich mau tring due nhu sira chay ra; a nhiet do (25-26)°C, tinh hi boat<br /> ddng dugc khoing (6-9) phut.<br /> <br /> HI.KET LUAN<br /> Trong ty nhien, ci Thia dong tiln 3 chim (Dascyllus trimaculatus) cd kha ning sinh sin<br /> quanh nim; nhung tap trung hi thing 1 din thing 6.<br /> Qua nghien ciiu cho thiy:<br /> - Sue sinh sin tuypt doi ciia ci Thia ddng tiln 3 cham dao dgng tir 5.100 trimg/ca thi cii din<br /> 20.130 himg/ci the cai.<br /> - Sire sinh sin tuang ddi dao ddng tir 250 tning/g din 400tning/g.<br /> - H? so thanh thuc cua ca cai: (0,37-8,27)%; trung binh: 2,48%.<br /> -H? sd thinh th\ic ciia ci dye: (0,06-1,50)%); trung binh: 0,74%<br /> _ Ket^qui thir nghiem bing phuang phip kich thich hooc-mdn len hryln sinh due cua ci Thia<br /> ddng tien 3 chim cho thiy ca cd khi ning sinh sin trong dilu kien nhan tao.<br /> <br /> TAI L I f U THAM KHAO<br /> 1. ApoHOBHM T.M., O.H. MacjiOBa, H.M. JlanwHa H ap. 1986: HHcrpyKumj no<br /> pasBeaeHHK) KecJiajinnodaHa. M.: BHHPO, 54 c.<br /> 2. BejioBa H. B., HeKoxopbie Meroflbi HsyneHHii npeaHepecroBoro H HXTHOJiorHH<br /> dnojiorHMecKoro (|)aKyjitTeTa MFY. C.58-65.<br /> 3. Danllowicz B. S., C. L. Brown, 1992: Aquaculmre. V (106): 141-149.<br /> 4. EMejibHHOBa H. P., A- A. HaajioB, JI.T.B. Txyan, 2006:Bonp.HxrHQnoraH.46(6):817.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1686<br />  HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N QUOC V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THLf BA<br /> <br /> <br /> 5. EwejibHHOBa H. T., A. A. HasjiOB, JI.T.B. Txyan, 2005, 2006, 2007: PaapaooxKa<br /> MeroAOB pery.n5mHH npoueccos cospesaHn;! yTponnnecKHX ptio.OrMer.HayMHO<br /> HCCJieAOBaxeJibCKHH H TexHO.norHMecKHH Ll,eHTp HpHMopcKoe OT.ae.neHHe.<br /> 6. Glubokov A. I., J. Kouril, E. V. Mikodina, T. Earth, 1994: Effect of synthetic Gn RH<br /> analogues and dopamine antagonits on the maturation of pacific mullet, Mugil so-iuy<br /> Bas.C. 419-425.<br /> 7. Ha Le Thj Lpc, 2002: Mgt sd die diem sinh hoc sinh sin ciia ci Khoang cd Amphiprion<br /> clarkii (Bennett) viing bien Khanh Hda. Tuyen tap bao cio khoa hoc Hdi nghi khoa hoc<br /> "Biln Ddng - 2002 ".<br /> 8. HaBJiOB jy. A., H. T. EiviejibtiHOBa, 2006: Bonp. HXTHOJIOFHH. 46 (4): 541-552.<br /> 9. HaBJiOB^. A., H. F. EiviejibnHOBa, 2008: Bonp.HXTHO.norHH. 48 (4): 537-552.<br /> lO.UIaapHH A. M., H. F.EiviejibHHOBa, 2007: Bonp. HXTHO.nornH. 47 (1): 72-85.<br /> Il.UIaflpHH A. M., H. F. EiviejibHHOBa, JI. T. B. Txyan, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,<br /> 2007: HsyncHHe panHero OHxoreHeaa pbi6 aajiHsa HH Manr H co3.aaHHe perHOHanbHoro<br /> Axnacca HKpn H JIHHHHOK. OTHCT. .HayHHO HccJieAOsaTejibCKHH H TexHOJiorHHCCKHH<br /> II,eHTp OpnMopcKoe OTfle.neHHe.<br /> 12.UIaflpHH A. M., J\. C. HaBJiOB, J\. A. AcraxoB, F. F. HOBHKOB, 2003: AT.nac HKpu<br /> JIHHHHOK pbi6 npH6pe>KHbix Boa K)>KHoro BbCTHaMa. M.: FEOC, 262 c.<br /> 13.Dinh Hong Thanh, Vd Van Quang, 2000: Dac dilm sinh sin ciia ca Chi vang<br /> Selaroides leptolepis Cuvier 1833 d viing bien Ddng Nam Bd. Tuyen tip bao cao khoa<br /> hpc Hdi nghi khoa hgc "Bien Ddng - 2000 ".<br /> <br /> STUDY ON REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND<br /> HORMONAL STIMULATION IN OOCYTE MATURATION OF DAMSELFISH<br /> DASCYLLUS TRIMACULATUS (Ruppell, 1828) IN NHA TRANG BAY<br /> LUONG THI BICH THUAN, N. G. EMEL'VANOVA, D. A. PAVLOV<br /> <br /> SUMMARY<br /> <br /> Collection and examination of damsel fish {Dascyllus trimaculatus) from 2005 to 2007<br /> showed that the spawning of this species was year round, but main spawning season was from<br /> January to June. The smallest mature size was 8.5 cm in length. .Absolute fecundity ranges from<br /> 5100 eggs/ female to 20130 eggs/ female. Relative fecundity ranges from 250 eggs/gram of total<br /> weight to 400 eggs/gram of total weight. Coefficient of gonad matunty for females was (0.37 -<br /> 8.27)% and for males was (0.06-1.50)%. Dascyllus trimaculatus can breed artificially by<br /> hormonal stimulation method. Their eggs were adhesive and oval shaped.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1687<br />