Một số vấn đề về rào cản đối với ngành da giầy xuất khẩu của Việt Nam vào thị trường EU hiện nay

KINH l e - PHAP LUAT CHAU AU<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MOT s6 VAN DS ve "RAO CAN" D6\ V(3I NGANH DA GIAY XUAT KHAU<br /> COA VI$T NAM VAO THI TRL/ONG EU HI£N NAY<br /> Ths. Dinh Cong Hoang<br /> Bo Cdng Thuong<br /> NCS. Hoc vien KHXH<br /> \. Dat van dc chii ycu dya vio xuat khau vdi nhirng mat<br /> Thuc day thuong mai qudc la vS hdi hdng cd gia tri gia tang thap, sir dung nhieu<br /> nhgp kinh le qudc Id dang trd thdnh mdt xu lao dpng. Trong nhu:ng ndm qua, cdc mat<br /> the tat \eu. Nd cd tdc ddng mgnh mc ldi hing xuat khau eiia Vict Nam lgi ludn ludn<br /> nhiau mat eua ddi sdng kinh td - xa hpi Iran bj dp dgt nhii'ng rao can thuong mai khdng<br /> tha gidi, tuy nhian sy ba tac cua vdng dSm hgp ly idm suy giim vice san xuat va xudt<br /> khau nhirng mat hang ndy vao thi trudng cdc<br /> phdn DOHA da phin dnh nhihig mau ihuan<br /> nudc phat trian nhu My, EU, Nhat Bdn. .<br /> can bdn \d sdu sdc nhat giua quyen loi ciia<br /> cac nudc phat trian vi dang phat trian trong "Rdo cdn" li mdt khai niem rdng, bii<br /> he thdng kinh ta toin cau hicn nay. Trong viet nSy se luan giai ro rdng vS sau sSc hai<br /> khi cdc nudc phit trien mudn ede nude kem khdi niem thudng dugc sir dung trong kinh le<br /> phdt Irian md cua cac thj trudng dc hang hda, hgc tran the gidi hien nay, dd li "rdo can<br /> djch vu cua hg dugc ty do luu thdng, thi tgi xuat khdu" vi "rSo cdn thuong mgi". Trong<br /> chinh thi trudng ndi dia eua minh, hp lgi boat dgng ngoai thuang xuat nhap kliiu,<br /> dang tao ra cdc logi rio can de bao hd va eSn Leonidou da dinh nghTa "rao cdn xudt khCiu "<br /> trd hang hda, djch vu lir edc nudc kem phit la nhiing Ird ngai lim hgn chd khi ndng ciia<br /> trien vio nude hg (chii yeu IS nhirng mat doanh nghiep trong vi(3c "khdi tgo, phat tridn<br /> hang mang lai gid trj gia tang thdp nhu ndng, vi duy tri hogt ddng kinh doanh" tgi thj<br /> thiiy, hdi san, hay cic mat hang gia cdng). trudng nudc ngoai. Nhu:ng trd ngai niy duge<br /> Ddi vdi Vict Nam, da 5 ndm ka tir ngdy phdn ldm 2 logi: rio can ben trong vS ban<br /> gia nhap Td chuc Thuong mgi The gidi ngoai doanh nghiep. Trong thuang mgi qudc<br /> (WTO), kinh id Vict Nam da phan chiau le, khai niem "rdo cdn thuang mgi" dugc<br /> nhiing mat sang tdi rat khac nhau trong buc WTO chinh thuc sir dung vdi him nghTa la<br /> tranh todn cSu hda. Bii hgc hdi nhgp kinh te "nhung cong cit chinh sach vd luat phdp<br /> qudc td la rdt bo leh, dac biet trong didu kien ^^'•Vc cdc nuac sit dung de hgn chi thuang<br /> hien nay, khi Vict Nam li nudc tdng trudng ntgi". Nhirng rio cdn thuang mgi dugc cung<br /> 20 NGHIEN Cltu CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (I42).2012<br /> <br /> <br /> dugc chia lim 2 logi: rio ein thud quan v i nhd ciia cuOc khiing hoing kinh td loin c^u.<br /> rSo can phi time quan. Theo djnh nghTa trfin Da giay cOng IS m^t ngSnh cdng nghiep tgo<br /> ciia Leonidou, cd the xep "ran can ihuong ra nhieu cdng i n vi^c lam cho dat nudc<br /> mgi" duge sir d\ing hien nay thu^c vio logi (trong nam 2011 cd khoing 600.000 lao<br /> rdo cin xuat khau ben ngoii doanh nghiep, dgng). chii ydu IS niJ, gdp phan ihiic day phit<br /> liien kinh le xS hgi, xda ddi giim ngheo cho<br /> Muon day mgnh xual khau hang hda<br /> so ddng ngudi lao ddng.<br /> vao eic nudc phit trien. chiing la phai<br /> nghien ciru cd bai bin nhiing co sd ly lugn I rong 6 ihSng dau ndm 2012, tSng kim<br /> ve cic logi rao cin ndi chung di^c biijt li "lao nggch xuat khau ciia nginh da giay Vi^t<br /> ein thuang mai" ciia c i c nudc niy. dong Nam cung dS dgt kdt q u i k h i quan la 3,8 ty<br /> ihdi phdi hgc lgp nhij-ng kinh nghii;m vugl USD, ling 2 5 % so vdi cimg ky va hoSn loan<br /> rao cin cua cdc nudc lien (lie gidi, cd CO sd dgi myc lieu ca nSm la 8 tdi 8,2 ty<br /> USD, tang 10% so vdi nam 2011 (Phugng,<br /> Vi \ay, vice nghifin ciru cic logi rdo edn<br /> 2012).<br /> cho cdc mat hang xuat khdu trd ihinh ycu<br /> cau cap ihiat ca \ c Iy lugn v i thyc ticn ddi 2.7.2. Thi truang EU<br /> vdi cic nhi hoach djnh chinh sich, quan Iy<br /> HU IS mgt trong 3 try cgi cua nen kinh<br /> iihS nudc. cac doanh nghipp xudt khiu, hiC'p<br /> lfi ihfi gidi, li ihj Irudng rgng Idn cd 27 qudc<br /> hdi nghe nghiep cung nhu cic nhi nghien<br /> gia Ihinh vidn, vdi hem 500 irifiu dan. EU<br /> CUU khoa hpc va giing dgy lai Vict Nam.<br /> khdng chi la mgt trong nhtmg ddi lie thuang<br /> II. Mcjt so van de \c rao c:iii xuat mgi quan trgng nhat cua Vict Nam. m i cdn<br /> khau vi) (hu'u'ng mai n g i n h h i n g da gia) li mgt thj Irudng khd tinh. dugc bao hd vdi<br /> xuat khau ciia \ iil Nam vau Ihi Irudng nhidu edng cy rSo can phuc lap \ a tinh vi<br /> I:L nh.il, Vi \ay. \icc nghidn euu ea cau van<br /> hinh \ a thyc thi cac chinh sach bio hd bang<br /> 2.1. Gidi thieu khdi qudt vc ngdnh<br /> \ iec sir dyng cac rSo can thuong mai cua thi<br /> hdng tia gidy I 'let Nam vd thj trudng Hi'<br /> Irudng LU sc mang lgi nhimg lgi ich Idn cho<br /> 2. J. J. Ngdnh da gidy i 'ici Nam ngdnh xual khau ciia Vict Nam ndi chung va<br /> <br /> Vdi su tdng trudng dn djnh ciia nen kinh ngdnh da giay ndi rieng. Hifin nay. ke tir khi<br /> <br /> tc dat nudc, trong 2 thdp ki \ Cra qua, nginh thiet lap quan he ngoai giao tir ndm 1990,<br /> <br /> da giay ludn dugc xfip trong top 3 nhQ-ng mat Viel Nam vS EU da dgi dugc nhijng thanh<br /> <br /> hang xuat khau chu lyc ciia nen kinh tfi Viiji qud ding kc nhu vice ky kfit Hiep djnh Hgp<br /> <br /> Nam (sau dau thd v i may mac), dgt muc kim tac Ddi tdc (PCA) vS dang bit diu lidn hanh<br /> cie cudc d i m phdn ve Hiep dinli Thuong<br /> ngach xudl khdu 7,8 ty USD Irong nam 2011<br /> mai ty do (FTA). Kfit qua eiia FTA se hiia<br /> (6,5 ty USD lir nganh da giiy. 1,2 ty USD lir<br /> hen sc mang den nhimg e o hdi hgp tic loan<br /> tui xdch, ba Id), mac dii chiu tic ddng khdng<br /> Jlidl sd- lUin ite. oe rat) et'ia 21<br /> <br /> dien trong nhidu ITnh vuc giiJa hai ben, d$c gom nhO'ng yeu td ben trong vS bfin ngoSi<br /> biet vdi ngdnh da giay xuat khau ciia Vict doanh nghipp ISm hgn che khi ndng "khdi<br /> Nam. tgo, xuat khau, vd duy iri boat dgng kinh<br /> doanh lgi thj trudng nudc ngoSi". Dudi day<br /> 2.2. Rdo cdn xuat khau<br /> Id nhiJng "rio can xuat khau" chinh nhat doi<br /> Nhu da gidi thifiu d trfin, khai niem "rio vdi m5t hing da giay Vict Nam vSo EU kc lir<br /> cdn xuat khau" do Leonidou khdi xudng bao ndm 2005 den nay.<br /> <br /> IFinh I: Rao ciin xuat khau ben trong vS ben ngoai cd anh hu(i'n}> tdi chien luge<br /> marketing xuat khau cua cac doanh nghidp san xuat lgi cac nudc dang phat trien<br /> <br /> <br /> Rdo can doanh nghiC'p:<br /> - K i e n ihirc Ihj I n r d n g<br /> - N g u d n l y c tai cHinlis--''^<br /> - N g u d n luc eon n g i i i r i<br /> <br /> \<br /> R i o cdn<br /> / \<br /> ben trong / \<br /> Rao can s;iii pliain:<br /> <br /> -Cliat lirgng san pliain ^^^^-A, Chien luge<br /> markeling<br /> xudt khau<br /> <br /> " Rno can iiganh:"eu td quyet<br /> Ve "kien thirc thi tru(/ng": Doanh dinh nhat ironi: \ ice chgn lua nhi cung iing<br /> nghifip da giay Vict Nam thudng van cdn ciia hp. Thfim \ do dd, vice thidu dgi ngii thiet<br /> yau Irong vice nhu : "nghifin euu ihi trudng" kc mau ma chdl lugng ISm cho cSe edng ty<br /> ve nhu cau khieh hing, xdy dyng quan he da giay Vict Nam klid dip img vdi phong<br /> chat ehe vdi cac ddi tac thuang mgi nhu eac each ihdi trang mdi va thda man thi hifiu cua<br /> nhd nhgp khau, phan phoi, hay khich hang khich hing. Cudi cimg, kha nang cung cap<br /> lifim ndng lgi Ihj trudng nudc ngodi. Didu sd lugng sSn pham mang tinh lien tuc la vin<br /> nay cung dugc dng Thomas (Giam ddc Cdng de Idn vdi cie nhi san xuat cua Viet Nam vi<br /> ly tha thao Capware, Dire) chia sc trong mgt sy thifiu hyl lao dgng trong nganh da giay du<br /> M^l iA oiin iti' o^. rao edn 23<br /> <br /> <br /> da cd nhihig ticn bd dang kfi vd mSy mdc vi nhS sSn xuat cua EU (Y, Tay Ban Nha,<br /> cdng nghe hipn dgi (theo bd Hdng). Anh..) (Theo dng Graham).<br /> <br /> 2.2.2. Rao cdn mang yeu to ben ngoai Ve rao cdn thj truang<br /> <br /> "Rao can mang yfiu td bfin ngoii" bao "RSo cSn khSch hing": Dip urng vdi cic<br /> gdm ede yau to dan tir mdi Irudng kinh sin pham cd mau mS mdi vi than Ihipn vdi<br /> doanh lai nudc xuat khau vi nhgp khau niS mdi trudng dang IS van dc chinh mi cdc nhi<br /> doanh nghiep dang hogt ddng nliu cdc rSo xuat khau da giiy ciia Vict Nam phii thda<br /> ein eiia nginh, ciia thj trudng hay ciia mdi man lgi ihi Irudng EU (dng Thomas).<br /> Irudng vT md. Ong HSi (2005) da chi ra 2 rdo Ve rdo cdn moi truang vT mo<br /> cSn Idn nhat vdi doanh nghipp da giay Viet<br /> Nam tgi thdi dicm ndm 2005 li: Thifiu Mgt rdo cdn mdi tir mdi trudng vT md<br /> nguyan lieu phu trg cd chat lugng; Sy cgnh chinh la cudc khiing hoang tai chinh kinh te<br /> tranh mgnh nic eua cac nhi sdn xudl ndi dia todn cau. Dieu niy tie ddng khdng nhd tdi<br /> lgi thi Irudng nudc ngoai. nhu cau ciia nginh da gidy tai EU vi kim<br /> nggch xual kliau ciia Viet Nam trong giai<br /> Dieu ndy den nay van dung, ngodi ra doan 2009-2011'.<br /> edn mgl sd ede rdo cdn ben ngodi khie nhu:<br /> 2.3. Rdo cdn thuang mgi<br /> Ve rao cdn nganh<br /> Nhitng nam gdn day, dudi nhiJng<br /> "Cau triic nginh": Van de Idn nhat cua nguyfin tdc ca bin cua WTO, viee su dung<br /> ngdnh da giay Viet Nam hien nay Id khodng rao can thua quan ngdy cSng bi han chfi vS<br /> 80% nguyen lieu cho nganh da giay dugc cdc nudc da bdt ddu sir dung rit da dgng<br /> nhap khau tir nudc ngodi, ehii yau la tir nhiing bien phap phi thue quan ddi vdi hSng<br /> Trung Qudc (theo dng Graham, William hda nhap khau (Yarbrough, 2006). Chiing ta<br /> Lamb, Anh qudc). Ong Thomas ciing bd sc xem xet nhtmg loai rao cSn thuang mai ca<br /> sung lham rSng: Van de niy dan den nhimg vc thufi quan vi phi thud quan, dugc cac<br /> kat qua khdng mong mudn nhu: lgi nhuan nudc EU Sp dung ddi vdi mat hang da gidy<br /> thap cho doanh nghiep san xuat, xuat xii sSn Vict Nam.<br /> phdm bj kifim tra nghat ngheo bdi cie eo<br /> quan eiia EU vd bj phu thudc vio gid ca 2.3 J. Rdo cdn thue quan<br /> khdng dn djnh eua ngudn nhgp khau nguyen a. He thong uu dai Thue quan Phd cdp<br /> phy lieu. ciia EU (GSP)<br /> "Canh tranh": Thj trudng EU eung ngSy<br /> cang trd nen cgnh tranh hon giiia eac doanh<br /> Chu Ihich. Y kien ve cdc rdo cdn xual khdu dugc tdc<br /> nghiep Viet Nam vdi nhau, vdi Trung Qudc, gia tien hdnh khdo sat vd phong vdn dinh tinh a mot<br /> so doanh nghiep nhap khdu, thitang mgi vd sdn xudt<br /> vdi cic nudc chau A khac vS vdi chinh cic da gidy vao ihi Irudng EU.<br /> 24 N G H I E N cCru C H A U A U • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 7 (1421.2012<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ]\i lhong tliiiO quan ciia \'.U duyc chia ndm 2011. Kk qud Id mjl hdng da giay bj<br /> lim 3 nh6ni: Ihuc loi hu^ quoc Ml-N (il iru x^p lai vdo nh6m T6i hu? quoc vd nh$n rniic<br /> dai nlial), Ihuc quan uu dai pho c;ip, vd lhu6 Ihud dang til 3-5% ISn l6i 5-10% (Barrie<br /> quan uu dai pho c$p vdi mpi so dieu ki^n. 2008).<br /> lie lhong GSP cua EU cho phip cac nuoc /' ![(' lhong thue quan v&i cdc chung<br /> dang phdi Iricn, bao gom c6 Vi?l Nam, linii mill hdng da gidy lii'l Nam<br /> quyen licp can uu ddi Iji Ihj Iruimg EU<br /> Toi nay, EU dii dp dyng cdc miic thui<br /> lhong qua \'iC'C giam llnic (EC 2011). M.li<br /> khac nhau v6i nhieu lo?i san pham da giay<br /> hdng da giay dupc xep vdo nhom GSP kc lir doi vcri cdc nuoc ngoai E,U. Bang thue du6i<br /> ngiN 1/1/2009, nhung sau do giay mu da day cho iliay mere Ihui trung binh vdi cdc<br /> Iron bi lo^i ra khoi danh sdch uu ddi l6i cuoi sdn pham da giay Vift Nam Id 8%.<br /> Bang I: Bieu ihuc cho cae s;in pham da giay t^i Ihi trucmg Kl'<br /> San pham da giay M9IIS Mirc thue<br /> TT<br /> Giay dc:p khong tham nuac co dc 6401 17%<br /> 1 ngodi va mu cao su hoac nhua<br /> Cdc loai giay d(:p khde co de ngodi va 6402 S%<br /> 2 mu cao su hoac nhua<br /> Giay dc;p co de ngodi bang cao su, 6403 8%<br /> 3 nhua, vd da hoac da long hc?p va mu<br /> bang da<br /> Gidy dep c6 dc ngoai bdng cao su. 6404 8%<br /> 4 nhua \'a da hodc da long hcTp va mu<br /> bang nguyen li^u del<br /> Cdc bo phan cua giay dc:p, mieng lot 6406 3%<br /> 5 cua giay, di;p co the thdo rai, got giay<br /> vd cdc sdn phdm lucmg tu; gliel, cing<br /> gidy...<br /> <br /> c Time gid tri gia tdng<br /> Bfin canh nh&ng miic thufi can ban nhu miie thufi giam trir Ii 5% vS miic thue 0%.<br /> trfin, tiiy thudc vio tirng nudc Irong EU, ed Tai Anh, miic thufi 20% vS 0% duge ip dung<br /> cdc mire thue VA T khie nhau cho mdt hdng lan lugl cho mat hang da giay ngudi Idn va<br /> da giay: miic thuc can bin thap nhal li 15%, tre em. (Xcni bang)<br />  JIIMI SO iHi'n iti' o£ rao eun ... 25<br /> <br /> Bdng 2: Thuc VAT ap diing chung tai mQt s6 nvd'c EU vdi cSc loai san pham da giay<br /> (Dan vj: %)<br /> Giay Bi Czccli Dan Bcic I'lllip Y IIH Anh Tfly Ba Bi Phb Tlniy<br /> d(p Lan Uan Lan Dio Lan Diin<br /> Mm Mia<br /> NgU'd'i 21 20 25 19 19.6 20 19 20 18 23 23 23 25<br /> l&n<br /> Tre 21 20 25 19 19.6 20 19 0 18 8 23 23 25<br /> em<br /> <br /> <br /> Nguon: Europa (2011), CE marking. European standards, Packaging, REACH, VA<br /> 2 3.2 Rdo edn phi thue quan<br /> Nhu da dfi cgp, thj trudng EU dugc bio a. Chong bdn phd gid<br /> hd manh me bdi cdc logi rio can thuong mai,<br /> Trong nh&ng nam gan day, rdo eSn Idn<br /> dgc biet la cic bien phip phi thufi. Nhimg rio<br /> nhit ddi vdi mdt hing da giSy Viet Nam lgi<br /> can phi thue nhu: hgn nggch nhap khau, trg<br /> EU IS thue chdng ban pha gii duge ip dung<br /> cap xuat khau, vS nhimg lugt le phdp ly hay<br /> eac tifiu chuan ky thuat nham ban chfi hang cho mat hSng giay mu da tron vdi miic thufi<br /> hda nhgp khau trong thuang mgi qudc te la 10% (vd 16,5% cho Trung Qufic). Bang<br /> (Yarbrough, 2006). Dudi day la nhii'ng rao dudi day cho thay tSc ddng ciia bien phip<br /> can phi thufi cd Snh hudng nhat ddi vdi mat chdng bin phS giS niy ldi doanh thu ciia<br /> hang da giay xuat khau ciia Viet Nam tgi thi ngSnh da giay trong giai dogn 2006-2008.<br /> trudng EU trong thdi gian qua.<br /> Hinh 2: Tac dgng cua chong ban pha gia den xuat khau cua Viet Nam: HS 640399<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Chu thich: 1. Xudl khdu mat hdng da gidy di ngodi bdng cao su hodc nhua vd mii bdng<br /> da; 2. long xudl khdu cua Viet Nam; 3. Tdng xudt khdu cda Viet Nam (khong bao gdm EU).<br /> <br /> (Dordi, 2010).<br /> 26 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (142).2012<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> lieu chuAn vc sSn phAm: chAl lugng, v$ sinh<br /> Thang 10 ndm 2006, l-C dii chfnh thirc<br /> ra quy^t djnh v^ ihu^ ch6ng bin phi giS vi an toin lh\rc phdm, bSo v$ ngudi tifiu diing,<br /> dieu niy dS tic d^ng mgnh m5 tdi nginh da bio v§ mdi trudng vS lao dgng (Dinh, 2010),<br /> gi^y Vi^t Nam. nai mi Uhu h6l lao dgng d^u h. Quy chudn chdt lu^rng<br /> IS nit (80%), I linh ddng niy di ngugc lgi<br /> I'.ll da dua ra tifiu chuAn chat lugng ca<br /> khau hieu cua hg vc ho trg cie nudc dang bSn cho sSn phAm da giiy nhgp khAu vi tieu<br /> phat trien trong \ icc xda ddi ngheo \ a ning chuan h$ th6ng quin ly cho nhi sSn xuat<br /> cao miic s6ng cho ngudi lao ddng. (ISO 9000 vS IEC). Tiiy ihu^ vio timg thi<br /> Khi xem xfit trudng hgp vc phi giS, EU trudng, sin pham da giay phii dip ting dugc<br /> dd chgn Brazil li nudc lham chieu d^ lim ca ho$c tieu chuan qu6c gia, chau Au hay quAc<br /> sd so sinh. Tuy nhicn vice niy da bj phSn le. bao ghm cic khia cgnh khie nhau nhu:<br /> doi quyet lict tir cS Viel Nam va Trung chAl lugng, chat li?u (da, vai, hd, cao su..,).<br /> Qudc, khi mirc sdng ciia Brazil li kich cd, mSu sdc... (Doan, 2010).<br /> 8.300$/nam, khde xa vdi ciia Vict Nam IS I.. Nguon gdc xudt xu<br /> 2.800$/nam va Trung Qudc li 6.800$/nim,<br /> RSo cSn nSy ddi hdi MCC kiem tra va<br /> vi vay ma gii cS ngi dja khdng thfi dgi dien<br /> giim sit nguon gdc. xuat xir ciia sin phim<br /> eho chi phi sSn xuat (Eicher, Mulli, and<br /> thdng qua he thong chuoi cung ling. Dieu<br /> Turnovsky (2009).<br /> nSy IS rAl khd cho cSc nha sSn xuat cua Viet<br /> NgSy 1 thang 4 ndm 2011, sau 5 ndm dp Nam dc cd thfi ghi lgi cy the cSc nguyen ph\i<br /> dung, bien phdp chdng ban phi gii cho ed lieu nhgp khau thdng qua hg thong kifim tra<br /> Viet Nam vi Trung Quoc dd het han, nginh gal gao \ i da phan san xual da giay ciia Viet<br /> da giay xuat khau ciia Vict Nam vi vgy hy Nam li hinh ihirc gia cdng vS 80% nguyen<br /> vgng dat dugc tdng trudng cao hon. Tuy vay, phy lii-u dugc nhgp tir nudc ngoSi (Doan,<br /> difiu nSy cung chira dvmg IhSch thirc khdng 2010).<br /> nhd ddi vdi doanh nghifip Vici Nam do phai<br /> d. Tieu chudn mdi truang<br /> ddi mat vdi su cgnh tranh khde lict Idn hon<br /> tir phia Trung Qude, khi cic doanh nghiep lir ngSy 1/6/2008. "REACH", mgt quy<br /> xuat khau ciia nude nSy khdng cdn chju miic dinh mdi cua EU \fi hda chat va su dung an<br /> thufi 16,5% nira (Hanh 2011). loan trong sSn xuat, bat bugc cac nhi san<br /> xuat da giay phii Ihu thap vS dang ky thong<br /> Ben canh do cdn cd nhumg rSo cSn ky tin vice sir dung cac loai hda chdt trong cac<br /> thugt trong Ihuong mai quoe le (TBT) la sSn pham cua minh. Neu khdng hoSn lit thu<br /> nhiing quy djnh va lifiu chuan ky thugt bio tue nSy, doanh nghidp se khdng dugc ph^<br /> ve ngudi tieu diing, dugc cu thfi hda bdng 5 sir dung cac loai hda chat nay trong sam xu|<br /> Jllol sd oan ite oe r/io euu 27<br /> <br /> <br /> hoac phai dap ting thu thyc phe chuAn v i moi ki^n chira toi da khdng qui 18 hgp<br /> nghiem ngdt hon ciia HU. Ciing theo Chi thj nhd (Europa 2011).<br /> 2002/61/EC, EU cijng han che vice sii dgng<br /> NhSn mic CE dugc din vio sin phAm<br /> cdc logi hda chat dgc hgi vd nguy hiem (vf dg<br /> dc dim bio rdng irich nhiem ciia nhi sin<br /> nhu chat AZO colorants) trong eac sdn pliAm<br /> xuat ddp ling lu§t I? cua EU vfi an todn, sue<br /> da vS del vSi (Europa 2011).<br /> khde vd bao v? mgi Irudng. Cy thfi, nhSn<br /> Theo "CITES", Cdng udc Thuong mgi mac sfi phai md t i 3 phAn ciia mgt ddi giiy;<br /> Qudc le \e cac loii ddng thuc vat hoang dS vat lieu sir dyng phan mui giay, de giay, vS<br /> cd nguy co tuyet chiing, Chi thj EC 338/97 bfin Irong giay. Nhan hieu eung phii dugc<br /> da nghifim cSm vice mua bSn cic sin pham ddt tren be mit ciia ddi giiy vS dSm bSo de<br /> da cd sir dung lii cSc logi dgng thgc vat ke khieh hing ed the "dgc dugc", "ro rdng",<br /> Iran. "dc nhin" va "dc hifiu" (Europa 2011).<br /> <br /> Ngoai ra, he thdng nhan mic sinh thai Tom lgi. "Rio cdn thuong mgi" dugc<br /> cic nude sir dyng se ngSy cang da dang vS<br /> ciia EU dugc i p dung cho 14 nhdm sin<br /> phiic tgp hon trong tuong lai. Bfin canh cic<br /> phdm, bao gdm cd da giay, trong mdt tifiu<br /> quy chuan vc chdt lugng san pham, trg gia<br /> chudn tu nguyfin khuyfin khich cie doanh<br /> xuat khau, edc lifiu chuan vfi ngudn gdc sin<br /> nghifip tifip thi sSn pham thdn thifin vdi mdi<br /> pham vS cdc lieu chuan vfi mdi Irudng sfi<br /> trudng. Dfi nhdn dugc nhdn mac sinh thai<br /> ngay cdng khat khe hon, v i gay khd khan<br /> niy, cac nhS san xuat hoac nhap khau da nhieu hon vdi cic nhd xuat khau cua Viet<br /> giay phSi dap img nhieu lieu chuan vfi bSo vfi Nam". Ldi binh luan trfin ciia nguyfin Thii<br /> mdi trudng vS trS mdt khoan phi dang ky. trudng Bd Cdng Thuong, Le Danh VTnh dS<br /> Nhirng ihuong hieu cd ddn mac sinh thii se eho thay nhimg thSch thiie khdng nhd ciia da<br /> giiip thu hiit nhifiu khach hing han tgi thj giay xuat khau ciia Vict Nam khi EU se tiep<br /> trudng EU (Europa 2011). tue tao ra nhinig rSo can phi thufi mdi trong<br /> tuong lai.<br /> e. Dong goi vd nhan mdc CE<br /> <br /> Theo Chi thi 94/62/EC cua EU, thu tuc Tai lieu tham khao<br /> <br /> ddng gdi phai tuan theo ede lieu chuan ciia 1. Thayer, C. (2007), Vietnam People's<br /> EU vfi ddng gdi, vS xii ly rac thai: de tdi sir Army: development and modernization.<br /> dung (ENI3429), tdi chd (EN13430), ed tha Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah, Institute of<br /> phuc hdi (EN13431). EU cung quy dinh ede defense and strategic studies.<br /> tieu chuan ve trgng lugng tdi da cho mdi hop 2. Europa (2011), CE marking,<br /> va ddng gdi bang gd. Cu the la moi mdt ddi European standards, Packaging, REACH<br /> giiy phii dugc ddng gdi trong mdt hop nhd, Europa.<br /> 28 NGHIEN CUU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N"? |14Z|.2U i i<br /> <br /> <br /> 3. Dinh, 1. (2010), yielnam EU 10. Eicher, T., Mutti, J., Turnovsky, M.,<br /> relations: equal partners, lang term and (2009), Inlernational economics, 7 edition<br /> comprehensive cooperation for peace and Routledge.<br /> development, European Studies Kcvicw.<br /> 11. Hanh (2011), Vielnam shoe exports<br /> Institute for European Studies, Vietnamese<br /> lo EU face challenges ahead, Saigon Giai<br /> Academy of Soeial Sciences.<br /> Phong newspaper [online].<br /> 4. FT (2011). Vietnam \\ economy:<br />