Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010<br />
<br />
<br />
NGHIEN ClTU BIEN DONG BO BIEN HAI PHONG<br />
BANG CONG NGHE VIEN THAM VA GIS<br />
•<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
RESEARCHING THE CHANGE OF THE COASTAL LINE OF<br />
HAI PHONG BY REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNOLOGY<br />
Le Thi Kim Thoa(l), Nguyen Van Cu (2), Nguyen Trudng Xuan(3), Dao Dinh Cham(l)<br />
(1)-Vien Dja ly;<br />
(2) - Tdng cue bien v i Hii dio Viet Nam;<br />
(3) - Trudng Dai bgc Md - Dja chit H i Ndi;<br />
18 - Hoang Qude Viet, Ciu Giiy, H i Ndi;<br />
Email: l_thoa@hotmail.eom<br />
Tdm tat:<br />
Hiin tugng bdi tu - xdi la ba biin vd bdi ldp cira sdng da budc thdnh phd Hdi<br />
Phdng phdi ddi phd thdch thirc lan vi sa bdi ludng tdu vdo cdng nhiiu khd khdn<br />
cho cdc hogt dgng sdn xudt, an ninh quoc phdng, phdt triin kinh ti vd ddi sdng<br />
ciia nhirng nguai ddn ven biin Hdi Phdng. Bdi bdo trinh bdy hiin trgng bdi - xdi<br />
viing ven biin vd biin ddng duang ba theo nghiin cim bdng cdng nghi viin thdm<br />
vd GIS. Trin ca sa kit qud xir ly vd gidi dodn dnh vi tinh qua cdc thdi ki', cdc tdc<br />
gid dd thdnh lap bdn do biin ddng ba biin, cira sdng Lgch Hiiyin-Bgch Ddng-<br />
Nam Triiu-Lgch Tray giai dogn 1989-2008 aty 1: 25.000.<br />
Abstract:<br />
The accretion - erosion along the coast and river-mouth makes -Haiphong face<br />
the large challenge ofsiltation in access channel to the port and many difficulties<br />
for production, national defense and security, economic development and habitant<br />
livelihood in the area. This paper presents the coastal accretion - erosion and<br />
shoreline changes, studied by Remote sensing and GIS technologies. Based on the<br />
results of processing and interpreting the multitemporal satellite images, the<br />
coastal and estuarine changes in Lach Huyen - Bach Dang - Nam Trieu - Lach<br />
Tray from 1989 to 2008 have been mapped at a scale of 1: 25 000.<br />
<br />
<br />
I. M O DAU<br />
Cic qua trinh bdi tu - xdi Id d bd bien eua sdng Hii Phdng dien ra do tie ddng ciia ei ty<br />
nhien va con ngudi tao nen. Tai khu vyc Hii Phdng do cd mdt sd khu vyc cd sdng ldn dd ra<br />
nen hien tugng bdi tu nhieu hon, die biet li khu vyc phia Tiy Nam dio Dinh Vii vi doan bd<br />
phia Ddng Nam huyen Thuy Nguyen. Sy bdi tu do phii sa ling dgng edn xiy ra d phia Ddng<br />
Kien Thuy v i Tien Ling. Hien tugng xdi Id xiy ra ehu yeu d doan bd bien Cit Hii v i khu<br />
vyc Bie ban dio Dd Son [2], [3].<br />
Bii bio da sir dung phuong phip vien thim v i he thdng tin dja ly (GIS) dl phan tieh, dinh<br />
gii biln ddng dudng bd bien vimg ven bien cira sdng Each Huyen - Bach Ding - Nam Trieu -<br />
Lach Tray thudc thinh phd Hii Phdng.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
259<br />
Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8<br />
<br />
<br />
IL CO SO DLT LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU<br />
1. Cosd du* lieu:<br />
- Cic bin dl dja hinh ven biln Hii Phdng ty le: 1:50.000; 1:25.000; 1:10.000<br />
- Anh ve tinh LANDSAT, SPOT vi AEOS.<br />
<br />
+ Anh ve tinh ALOS (1/3/2008)<br />
<br />
+ Anh ve tinh SPOT-4 (11/2004)<br />
Anh ve tinh LANDSAT ETM (29/9/2001)<br />
<br />
+ Anh ve tinh LANDSAT TM (23/11/1989)<br />
2. Phuo'ng phap nghien ciru:<br />
Phirong phap su dung trong nghien cim bien ddng dudng bd li giii doin thdng tin tren cic<br />
anh ve tinh, inh miy bay va cic tii lieu khie cd lien quan nhim danh gii hien trang vi phan<br />
tieh dien bien qui trinh bdi - xdi dudng bd bien vi ldng din khu vuc cira sdng Lach Huyen -<br />
Bach Ding - Nam Trieu - Each Tray.<br />
Cd the neu tdm tit qui trinh xir ly thdng tin tir inh va bin do dja hinh theo so dd tren hinh<br />
dudi diy, vdi viee sir dung cic phan mem xir ly inh vi he thdng tin dja ly (GIS) [4] nhu sau:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Cac tu lieu<br />
lien quan khac<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Lira chun luOi tua du,<br />
tien \ u Iv cac tirlieu nhap vau<br />
«lM«w^^llM^l^l^^^^M^^l^^'JJ}l^ut^l^llJ^M^^!»^t^.x^<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Si) hoa anh tuang tu, nan chinh<br />
hinh hoc theu luOi chieu U T M<br />
i^MMKHUUHiiiSiiiiWU<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Triet xuat thong tin,<br />
xav dirng ban du chuyen de,<br />
tinh toan, phan tich ket qua<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
So dd tdm tit qui trinh xir ly thdng tin inh vi bin dd<br />
Trong xir ly thdng tin inh vi bin dd, cic tic gii chgn ludi chieu UTM (be qui chilu qude<br />
te WGS - 84) tuong irng he qui chieu va he toa do QuIc gia mdi cua Viet Nam (VN-2000)<br />
lim chuin de tien hinh nan chinh hinh hgc cic hi lieu khdng inh. Cic dir lieu inh tuong ty<br />
(inh in tren giiy) dugc quet va chuyin sang dti: lieu sd, sau dd xir ly tren eic phin mim khac<br />
nhau nhu ArcView, ENVI, Arelnfo, Maplnfo, ERDAS Image, ER Mapper... da dim bio luu<br />
<br />
260<br />
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10 2010<br />
<br />
<br />
giu dung cac thdng tin vl hien trang vi do ehinh xac ve hinh bge ddi tugng nghien cim. Cic<br />
ket qui xir ly cudi ciing duge chuyin dii sang khudn dang (format) inh bitmap, khudn dang<br />
ciia phin mem Maplnfo de luu giii ciing nhu bien tip vi in bin dd chuyen de ve dien bien<br />
dudng bd biln khu vyc nghien ciru.<br />
<br />
<br />
HI. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU:<br />
Phin tich, xir ly phin loai inh vien thim qua cie thdi gian khie nhau<br />
Thinh lip cic bin dd hien trang dudng bd bien cira sdng d cie thdi ky.<br />
Thinh lip bin dd bien ddng bd bien cira sdng qua cie thdi ky.<br />
Dinh gia bien ddng bd bien cira sdng Each Huyen, Bach Ding, Nam Trieu.<br />
Xir ly dnh vi tinh a cdc thai diim ndm 1989, 2001, 2004 vd 2008 khu vuc ba biin cira<br />
sdng Lgch Huyen, Bgch Ddng, Nam Triiu.<br />
- Hieu chinh hinh hgc:<br />
Anh ve tinh Landsat, SPOT vi ALOS d eic thdi dilm tren khi thu thip da duge xir ly hinh<br />
hgc va dua ve be chuan quoc tl WGS84. Vi he thing bin dd Viet Nam nim d he tga do<br />
VN2000 nen ehiing ta phii hieu ehinh toin bd cae inh ve tinh d eac thdi ky khie nhau ve<br />
ciing mdt he thdng chuin Qude gia VN2000.<br />
Trudc tien ta chgn bin dd dja hinh do Cue bin dd eiia Bd Tdng tham muu eung eip d ti le<br />
1: 25.000 lim gdc vi hieu ehinh inh ve tinh ALOS theo bin dd niy. Cie dja hinh dja vit dugc<br />
chgn de lim diem khdng che nan li nhung diem gin nhu khdng thay ddi vi duge dii deu bet<br />
inh. Do chinh xie hieu chinh dat gii trj cao bdi sai sd mdi diem nin li 1 pixel. Sau khi inh ve<br />
tinh ALOS duge hieu ehinh ve he tga do chuin Qude gia VN2000 thi eic inh SPOT 2004 vi<br />
anh landsat nam 2001, nim 1989 lin lugt dugc hieu chinh theo inh ALOS 2008.<br />
- Tinh ehi sd thyc vit:<br />
Tinh chi sd thyc vat NDVI eua cic thdi diem inh nim 1989, 2001 vi 2008 de thinh lip<br />
cac bin dd hien trang bd bien cira sdng Each Huyen, Bach Ding, Nam Trieu, Each Tray.<br />
Vi muc dich nghien eiiu li xdi Id bien ddng bd bien cira sdng nen chung ta chi can quan<br />
tam va tieh duge 3 ddi tugng ehinh li dit ed thyc vit, dit khdng thyc vit vi nude. De dat<br />
duge hieu qui eao, ehinh xie va nhanh chdng thi trudc tien ta cin phii tinh ehi sd thyc vit<br />
NDVI cho mdi thdi diem inh [5].<br />
Chi sd thyc vit NDVI duge tinh bdi chuong trinh WinASEAN {tdc gid Nguyin Dinh<br />
Dirang, Viin Dja Ly. Sau khi tinh dugc chi sd thyc vit NDVI thi tien hinh chia ngudng de<br />
tieh thinh 3 ddi tugng ehinh: He thdng thiiy vin, dit khdng thyc vit vi dit cd thyc vit. .<br />
Hinh 1 la khu vyc cira sdng Lach Tray duge phdng to nhin rit rd khu vyc dit cd thyc vit,<br />
dit khdng thyc vit vi dudng bd nude. Tuong ty hinh 2 li khu vyc ciia sdng Each Huyen duge<br />
phdng to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
261<br />
Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8<br />
<br />
<br />
^<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
J<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
«F^;^^^<br />
'•('; ..^v^];•^ ^<br />
<br />
Hinh 1: Anh ALOS (ben trii) - Each Tray vi inh ket qui (ben phii) nim 2008<br />
Chii giii anh phin loai dudng bd khu vyc nghien cim:<br />
<br />
: He thdng thuy vin : Dit khdng cd thyc vit<br />
<br />
: Dat cd thue vit<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hinh 2: Anh ALOS (ben trai) - Each Huyen vi inh kit qui (ben phii) nim 2008<br />
Ciing theo phuong phip tuong ty tinh chi so thyc vit NDVI nhu inh ALOS 2008 ehiing ta<br />
lan lugt dua ra duge cic anh phin loai nim 2001 va nim 1989. Bing chii giii tuong ty nhu<br />
nam 2008.<br />
262<br />
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky- niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa ligc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hinh 3: Anh Landsat nim 2001 (ben trii) - Each Chay vi inh ket qui (ben phii)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ti.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hinh 4: Anh Landsat nim 1989 (ben trii) - Bach Ding vi inh ket qui (ben phii)<br />
• Thdnh lap bdn do hiin ddng ba biin cira sdng khu vuc nghiin ciru ndm 1989 - 2008;<br />
- Thinh lap bin dd bien ddng dudng bd bien giai doan 1989 - 2008<br />
Sau khi hoin thinh phan loai ehi sd thyc vat NDVI d cic thdi dilm inh 1989, 2001 va 2008,<br />
tiln hinh ehIng phii lin lugt cic bin dd dd len nhau de tao ra inh bien ddng. Trudc tien, chdng<br />
phii inh phin loai nim 1989 len anh nim 2008 de tao ra inh biln ddng giai doan 1989 - 2008.<br />
<br />
263<br />
Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8<br />
<br />
<br />
Viec xiy dyng bin do bien ddng tir hai bin dd hien trang duge thyc bien bing edng eu Chang<br />
Analysis trong chuong trinh WinASEAN [4].<br />
Kit qua sau khi chdng phu bin dd hien trang cua hai thdi dilm 1989 vi 2008 len nhau tao<br />
ra bin dd bien ddng d dang Raster. Bin dd bien ddng niy ed thi giir nguyen d dang Raster<br />
hoac vecto hda cie ldp ddi tugng theo ket qui phin loai va bing ehu giii.<br />
Hinh 5 li bin dd tryc inh bien ddng bd bien cira sdng Lach Huyen, Bach Ding. Nam<br />
Trieu, Lach Tray vi ludng tiu viing cing Hii phdng.<br />
Bang 1: Ket qui thdng ke bien ddng theo sd lugng diem inh tir nim 1989 den 2008<br />
Nam 2008<br />
Nam 1989<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Doi tugng Dat CO thyc Dat khong cd thyc vat Nude<br />
vat<br />
Dit cd thyc vit 0 477.344 487.960<br />
Dit khdng cd thyc vat 269.341 0 84.401<br />
Nude 433.575 1.134.551 0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hinh 5: Bin db true inh bien ddng bd biln cira sdng khu vyc nghien euii 1989 - 2008<br />
Chii giii:<br />
<br />
Dien tieh mat nude bien ddng Dien tich dit cd thyc vit biln<br />
thinh dien tieh dit khdng ed ddng thinh dien tich mat<br />
thyc vit nude<br />
<br />
Dien tieh mat nude biln dgng<br />
thinh dien tieh dit ed thyc<br />
vit<br />
<br />
264<br />
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa ligc vd Cdng nglie Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10^2010<br />
<br />
<br />
Bing 2 Ket qui thing ke bien ddng theo sl lugng diem inh tir nim 2001 - 2008<br />
Nam 2008<br />
Nam 2001<br />
<br />
<br />
Ddi tugng<br />
Dat cd thue vat Dat khdng cd thyc vat Nude<br />
Dit ed thue vit 0 656.810 499.857<br />
Dit khdng ed thue vit 220.235 0 161.492<br />
Nude 336.259 1.056.062 0<br />
Do chinh xie eiia ket qui phin loai bin dd hien trang vi bin dd ldp phii giira cic thdi diem<br />
phu thude vio eic ylu to sau:<br />
- Sy khie biet vl eic ve tinh khie nhau: Landsat, SPOT vi ALOS.<br />
- Sy khie biet ve miia trong nim. Anh ALOS chup thing 3 nim 2008 trong khi inh<br />
Landsat chup thing 9 vi inh SPOT chup thing 11.<br />
- Do ehinh xie ve hieu chinh hinh hgc.<br />
Vdi mue dich nghien eiiru vi d ti le 1: 25 000 thi eic sai sd tren trong trong pham vi cho<br />
ph^ep vi ed the chip nhin dugc. Ket qui kiem chimg sd lieu, ket qui phin loai hien trang tai<br />
mdi thdi diem dat do ehinh xie d mire tuong dii tit.<br />
Tir ket qui phin loai vi bin dd sin phim biln ddng nim 1989 - 2008 vi 2001 - 2008 cd<br />
the nit ra mdt sd nhin xet sau:<br />
- Khu vyc nghien cuu tren sy bdi tu dudng bd vi sa bdi ludng tiu ngiy eing phit trien nhit<br />
li khu vyc cira sdng Nam Trieu vi Each Tray.<br />
- Dgc bd bien ciy ngap man mdt sd noi ngiy eing phit trien vi bio tdn.<br />
- Sy xdi Id khu vyc niy xiy ra it, ehii yeu rimg ngap man mdt sd noi bi chit phi di vi thay<br />
the bing nudi trdng thuy hii sin.<br />
<br />
<br />
IV. KET LUAN<br />
Tu lieu inh vien thim ndi ehung vi tu lieu inh cic ve tinh ALOS, LANDSAT ETM vi<br />
LANDSAT TM vi SPOT-4 ndi rieng duge sir dung de phuc vu phin loai ldp phii be mat, theo<br />
ddi sy dien bien ldp phii bdi tu, xdi Id, bien ddng dja hinh dudng bd vi dinh gii su bien ddng<br />
eiia chung li phuong phip tdi uu dang duge img dung khi phd bien tren The gidi. Diy li mdt<br />
phuong phip phin loaj dya tren eo sd phin tieh, giii doin inh vien thim bing ky thuat sd dya<br />
vao ehi sd thue vit NDVI nen ket qui dat duge khich quan va nhanh chdng, khdng phu thudc<br />
vao y thire chii quan ciia ngudi giii doin. Dieu die biet d diy li cie thdng tin tu lieu inh ve<br />
tinh ed tinh ehu ky ngin vi d dang sd nen de cap nhit xir ly.<br />
Ket qui nghien cim cho thiy the manh eiia ky thuat vien thim vi sy ket hgp vdi he thdng<br />
tin Dja ly the hien rd tinh uu viet ein duge phit trien eiing vdi phuong phap xir ly sd. Viec<br />
lien ket niy rit tien lgi trong viee quin ly vi khai thie thdng tin.<br />
LTng dung phuong phip vien thim vi GIS nghien cuu dinh gii bien ddng dudng bd, ludng<br />
lach di eho ket qui nhanh chdng, dim bio sy chinh xic vi tin ciy, thdi gian thyc hien ngin<br />
tren pham vi khdng gian linh thd rdng.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
265<br />
Tieu han: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt ISBN• 978-604-913-016-8<br />
<br />
<br />
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br />
1. Bg tii nguyen vi Mdi trudng, Cdng nghi Viin thdm (2003).<br />
2. Nguyen Vin Cu vi nnk, Nguyin nhdn vd gidi phdp phdng chong sa bdi ludng tdu vdo<br />
cdng Hdi Phdng, De tii dde lap cip Nhi nude, Vien Dja ly. Hi Ndi (1997).<br />
3. Nguyen Vin Cu, Du bdo hiin trgng xdi la, bdi tu ba biin cira sdng vd cdc gidi phdp<br />
phdng trdnh. Bio cio tdng kit dl tii KHCN eip nhi nude KC.09.05, Hi Ndi (2001).<br />
4. Nguyen Dinh Duong. Nghien cim mdi tnrang bdng ky thuat Viin thdm vd hi thdng tin<br />
Dja ly, Tuyen tip eic bio cio khoa hgc tai Hdi nghj mdi tnrdng toin qude nim 1998,<br />
Nxb KH&KT, Hi Ndi, 1998, trang 1199-1210.<br />
5. Nguyen Qude Khinh. Nghiin cim irng dung Cdng nghi viin thdm vd GIS xdy dung bd<br />
bdn dd hiin trgng Tdi nguyin thiin nhiin phuc vu cdng tdc quy hogch bdo vi Mdi<br />
tnrang cap tinh (Hdi Phdng), Thudc de tii nghien cim KHCN - Bd Tii nguyen Mdi<br />
trudng (2008).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
266<br />
Thêm vào BST
Báo xấu
Download
Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ
