Những mong muốn, nguyện vọng của trí thức liên quan đến hoạt động nghề nghiệp của họ - Nguyễn Thị Phương Hoa

NGUYEN VONG<br /> NHONG M O N G M U O N ,<br /> CUA TRI THQC LIEN QUAN DEN HOAT<br /> DONG NGHE NGHIEP CUA HO<br /> Nguy§n Thj Phuong Hoa<br /> Vien Tdm ly hgc.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TOM TAT<br /> Hien nay, nhitng mong mudn, udc nguyen cua tri thdc chu yeu lien quan de'n<br /> cdng viec vd xoay quanh vdn de thu nhgp, ddi ngd vd dieu kien ldm viec. Nhin chung,<br /> tri thdc Viet Nam deu mong mudn cd the kie'm sd'ng bdng chuyen mdn ciia minh. Tuy<br /> nhien, d mdi dtp tudi, nhdng tri thdc cd nhidig udc nguyen khac nhau. Dd'i vdi tri thdc<br /> tre, ddm bdo thu nhgp vd cudc sd'ng la mong mudn ldn nhdt. Trong khi dd, dd'i vdi<br /> nhdm tri thitc ldn tudi han, dieu kien ldm viee td't cdn cdn thiet han.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Khi tim hidu mdt ddi tupng nao dd, ngudi ta thudng mudn biet tam tu<br /> nguyen vpng ciia ddi tupng dd. Mong mudn, nguyen vpng thudng la nhung<br /> didu mudn cd nhung chua dat dupc. Dd cd thd thiic ddy tri thiic lam viec mdt<br /> each hieu qua, chiing ta khdng thd bd qua viec tim hidu nhiing mong mudn,<br /> nguyen vpng cua hp. Mong mudn, nguyen vpng lien quan den hoat ddng nghd<br /> nghiep cua tri thiic la mdt ndi dung quan trpng ma cac nghien ciiu gdn ddy cua<br /> Vien Tam ly hpc quan tam.<br /> Nhung sd lieu trong bang dudi day cho thd'y, nhCing udc nguyen ma<br /> ngudi tri thiic mudn dat dupc trong vdng ba nam tie'p theo. NhCing ude nguyen<br /> dupc trinh bay trong bang hoan toan do nhiing ngudi tham gia tra ldi tu neu ra<br /> (cau hdi md). Cd thd tha'y, chiing rdt da dang. Tuy nhien, cac sd lieu da dupc xk<br /> ly cho th^y, chi cd mdt sd ndi dung cd so lupng ngudi mong mudn kha tap<br /> trung.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sd2(155),2 2012 55<br />  Bdng I: Ba ififc nguyen mong muiin dgt ditcfc nhdt trong vdng 3 nam tifi<br /> cua Iri Ihifc (% sd ngififi mong mucin)<br /> <br /> Udc Udc Udc % tdng<br /> Cac udc nguyen nguyt'n nguyen nguyen lupt<br /> 1 2 " 3<br /> 1. Dat dupc muc ticu chung ciia ban than 15.3 9,3 4,8 29,4<br /> 2. Dat duoc muc lieu cu the ciia ban than 15.9 14,3 10,5 40,7<br /> 3. Dam bao thu nhAp \a ddi sdng 19,2 18,9 16,7 54,8<br /> 4. Didu kien lam vice lot 1.5,2 22,0 22.7 59,9<br /> .^. Dong gop cong siic minh cho ,xa hpi 2,0 0,8 4,2 7,0<br /> 6. Chi'nh sach giao due va dao tao dupc 1,2 2,6 1,7 5.5<br /> cai thiCn<br /> 7. Co siic khoe (gia dinh va ban than) 1,2 1,0 1,3 3.5<br /> 8. Lanh dao tdt. biei sir dung ngudi 0.5 0,6 1,3 2.4<br /> 9. Ap dung tdt cac thanh tuu khoa hpc ky 0,6 0,8 0,7 2,1<br /> thuat vao cuPc sdng<br /> 10. Dai nude phat trien 5,0 3,4 3.8 12,2<br /> 11. Nha nude co chfnh sach dai ngp thoa 15,5 10,7 10.5 36,7<br /> dang ddi vdi trf Ihiic<br /> 12. Cupc sd'ng gia dinh hanh phiic 1.1 3,4 5,4 9.9<br /> 13. Mdi trudng lam viec thong thoang, 2,8 2,6 3,0 8.4<br /> dam bao tu do tu tudng, thiic ddy trf thiic<br /> sang tao<br /> 14. Xa hpi lanh manh, cdng bdng, chenh 2,6 5,6 7,2 15,4<br /> 1 lech giau, ngheo thdp<br /> 1<br /> 15. Co quan phat trien 0,3 0,6 2.0 2,9<br /> 16. Cac chfnh sach xa hoi khac 1,2 3,0 3,0 7,2<br /> 17. Tu y thiic trach nhiem ciia trf thirc 0,3 0,5 1,0 1.8<br /> dupc nang cao<br /> 100,0 100,0 100,0<br /> <br /> <br /> Dd la nhu'ng ndi dung sau day:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 56 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 2 (155), 2 - 2012<br />  - Cd didu kien lam viee tdt: 59,9% lupt ngudi dd xual nhu mdt trong ba<br /> didu mong mudn nhat.<br /> - Dam bao thu nhap va ddi sdng: 54,9% lupt ngudi dd xuat nhu mdt trong<br /> ba didu mong mudn nhat.<br /> - Dal dupc muc lieu cu thd ciia ban than: 40,7%.<br /> - Nha nude cd chfnh sach dai ngd thoa dang ddi vdi trf thuc: 36,7%.<br /> - Dat dupc muc lieu chung ciia ban than: 29,4%.<br /> - Ngoai ra cd hai ndi dung dupc hon 1/10 sd ngudi dd xual, dd la nhung<br /> ndi dung lien quan den ddt nude, xa hdi:<br /> - Xa hpi lanh manh, edng bdng, chenh lech giau ngheo thdp: 15,4%.<br /> - Dat nude phat tridn: 12,2%.<br /> Tai ca cac ndi dung cdn lai ddu chi cd dudi 1/10 sd ngudi dd xudt.<br /> Cd the tha'y rdng, nhirng ndi dung dupc nhidu ngudi mong mudn ddu la<br /> nhCrng gi lien quan mat thiet den Ipi fch (ca vat chat va linh than) thiei thuc ciia<br /> ban than ngudi trf thiic, dd la nhiing didu kien dam bao cudc sdng ihudng ngay,<br /> didu kien lam viec va nhCrng muc lieu ciia cudc sdng ca nhan hp. Didu nay cho<br /> tha'y, didu kien cudc sdng va didu kien lam viee ciia khdng fl trf thiic hien nay<br /> cdn khd khan va didu dd lam cho hp phai Iran trd hang ngay.<br /> Trong so nhiing udc nguyen cd ndi dung neu tren thi dii mong mudn vd<br /> didu kien lam viec cd sd lupt ngudi dd xuat eao nhat, song mong mudn dam<br /> bao dupc thu nhap va ddi sd'ng lai la ude nguyen cd nhidu ngudi xem la didu<br /> mong mudn dupc uu lien nhdt (19,2% ty le % cd gia trj cao nhat trong udc<br /> nguyen thii nhdt).<br /> Vl vay, sau day chting tdi se tap trung trinh bay vd hai nhdm nguyen<br /> vpng ldn nhat ciia tri thiic: dd la nguyen vpng lien quan den thu nhap, ddi sdng<br /> va nhdm nguyen vpng lien quan den mdi trudng, didu kien lam viec ciia tri<br /> thu:c.<br /> 1. Mong mudn/nguyen vong dam bao thu nhap va cuoc sdng<br /> Tren thuc te', phdn ldn tri thiic nude ta lam trong cae co quan Nha nude.<br /> Vi vay, thu nhdp ciia hp phu thupc rat nhidu vao eae chfnh sach dai ngp ciia<br /> Nha nude ddi vdi trf thiic. Tuy nhien, chfnh sach dai ngd trf thiic hien nay la<br /> mdt va'n dd vd ciing biic xiic. Ket qua khao sat djnh lupng cho thay, hdu het trf<br /> thiic trong nghien ciiu nay cho rdng, ehe dp dai ngd chua thda dang, thu nhap lii<br /> nghd khdng dam bao cho cudc sd'ng thudng ngay ciia trf thiic. De lang thu<br /> nhap, nhidu tri thiic phai lam them hoac chuyen chd lam, ddn den cac hien<br /> tupng "chan trong chan ngoai", "chan ngoai dai hon chan trong", "chay mau<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 2 (155), 2 - 2012 57<br /> chdt xam"... Cung vi muu sinh, du khdng mudn, trf thiic vdn phai cha'p nhan<br /> lam them hoac chuyen sang lam nhiing viee khdng diing chuyen mdn dupc dao<br /> tao.<br /> Dieu dupe nhidu Irf thire mong mudn nhdt la cd thd dam bao va cai thien<br /> cudc sdng bdng chfnh cdng vice chuyen mdn cua minh. Do la mdt mong mudn<br /> chfnh dang lir rdi lau ciia iri ihirc (Nguydn Thi Hoa, 2005 va La Thj Thu Thiiy,<br /> 2006).<br /> Mac dii, chfnh sach luong ciia Nha nude ddi vdi trf thLi:c - can bd trong<br /> ihdi gian qua da dupe cai thien song vdn chua dam bao cho cudc sdng ca nhdn<br /> ciia hp. Vi vay, /// thitc vdn cho rang chinh sdch ddi ngd cdn tie'p tuc thay doi<br /> cho phii hgp vdi cudc sdng vd sit ciing hien cua hg.<br /> "Ngififi tri thitc tit Irong khdng mudn cd mgt sit ddi ngd ndo ddc biet<br /> ngodi ddng Iiftfng cho phep hg yen Idm nucn gia dinh vd Idm viec... Nhitng phdi<br /> Idm thi' ndo cho tri thifc khdi bitifn ehdi. Bdy gid tri thitc ciia ta dang phdi bitan<br /> ehdi kie'm st'/ng, nudi gia dinh" (N.H.D., nam trf thiic quan ly, 70 tudi).<br /> Thuc trang ddi sd'ng cua trf thiic nude ta hien nay cdn nhidu khd khan cd<br /> the la do gia trj ciia cac san phdm tri thiirc chua that sir dupc xa hdi coi trpng,<br /> thang gia trj ciia tri thiic va trf thii'c d nude ta hien nay vdn dang Id md dupc<br /> hieu khi thi theo nghia cua Khdng giao, khi thi theo nghTa cua kinh te' bao cdp<br /> (Dang Hiing Vo, 2009). Neu chting ta khdng thay ddi nhan thiic vd v^n dd nay<br /> thi khd cd nhiing thay ddi can ban trong ddi sdng cua nhCrng ngudi tri thiic chan<br /> chfnh. NhCmg ngudi quan ly va sir dung trf thiic nen cd each hieu rdng: "Ddi<br /> ngd tri thdc ciing Id dieu cdn, vi .xet den cimg, sit ddi ngd dd Id vi Igi ich ciia ddt<br /> nude, lgi ich cua nhdn ddn, vi su "ddi ngd" xitng ddng Id mot cdch td rd thdi do<br /> trdn trgng tii thuc cua nhd cdm quyen, cua xd hdi, dieu dd se dtpng vien ngitdi<br /> tri thdc cdng hien he't sdc minh" (tri thiic, nghien cihi KHXH, hon 70 tudi).<br /> Tdm lai, tri thiic Viet Nam mong mudn cd thd kie'm sd'ng bdng chuyen<br /> mdn ciia minh, thu nhap tCr hoat ddng nghd cd the trang trai cho cupc sdng ca<br /> nhan de hp cd the yen tam lam viec. Mong mudn nay khdng thd thuc hien dupc<br /> neu thie'u su quan tam l\x phfa Nha nude, thd hien qua che' dp dai ngd, chfnh<br /> sach luong...<br /> 2. Nhumg mong mudn/nguy^n vong lien quan d^'n dieu kien lam viec<br /> Vd cac didu kien lam viec cua tri thiic, chiing tdi thd'y ndi len mdt sd<br /> va'n di nhu sau:<br /> 2.1. Mong mudn ve cache tuyen dung, qudn ly, sut dung trithiJcc<br /> Cach quan ly hien nay ciia cac co quan Nha nude ddi vdi hoat dpng<br /> nghd ciia trf thiic cdn nhidu bdt cdp. Do dd, tri thdc mong mud'n ca che tuyen<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 58 TAP CHITAM Ly HOC, So 2 (155), 2 - 2012<br /> dung, qudn Iy, sd dung cdn bd cdn thay ddi. Nhin chung, Irf thuc mong mudn<br /> mpt CO che tuydn dung cdng bdng, co che quan ly phii hop vdi dac thu hoat<br /> dpng nghd cua trf thiic, co che sir dung trf thuc the hien dupc su tdn trong, ton<br /> vinh ddi vdi nhii'ng trf thii'c cd cdng hien thuc sir.<br /> "Tuyen dung phdi cdng bdng, phdi thifc chd't; Bd tri cdng viec phdi<br /> diing ngitdi dung viec; Qudn Iy khimg nen cifng nhdc nen qudn ly theo cdng<br /> viec" (N.T.H., nu: 36 ludi, nghien ciru vien).<br /> "Cdi tu duy bao cd'p ve qudn Iy, ve ddnh gid... vdn cdn rd't ndng ne.<br /> Phdi de tii thifc tit do vd phdi qudn ly dimg cdi nghe, dimg cdi chd't hg dang cd<br /> de su dung vdo cdc hogt ddng cd Igi cho cdng ddng" (L.D.H., nam, 50 tudi,<br /> phdng vien).<br /> Trf thiic la nhimg ngudi cd nang lire rdt can dupc lanh dao lin dirng,<br /> trpng dung. "Ne'u cdc thu tritdng bie't quan tdm, bie't tdn trgng hay tdn vinh,<br /> bie't cdu thi thi ro^ rdng anh tri thitc phd'n khdi Idm viec, cdng hie'n he't minh"<br /> (H.N., nam, 65 tudi, can bd huu trf).<br /> <br /> 2.2. Mong mudn, nguyen vgng eua tri thdc ve dieu kien vgt chdt,<br /> phuang tien, mdy mdc ldm viec<br /> <br /> Didu kien lam viec ludn dupe ngudi lao ddng trf dc ndi rieng, ngudi lao<br /> dpng ndi chung quan tam vi didu kien lam viec lien quan den sir thuan lien ca<br /> nhan, song ddng thdi nd cung la nhan td giiip hp hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu. Dac<br /> biet, ddi vdi trf thiic - nhCing ngudi lao ddng trf de phuong lien, may mdc lam<br /> viec, didu kien vat chat la mot yeu td anh hudng rat nhidu den hieu qua, nang<br /> suat lao dpng cua hp.<br /> <br /> Didu kien vat chat, phuong lien lam viec ciia trf thiic bao gdm nhung gi?<br /> Didu kien vat chat trudc het phai kd den khdng gian lam viec: Phdng lam viec<br /> ciing mpt sd trang thiei bj can thiet khac nhu ban ghe, tu lai lieu, may tfnh...<br /> Song, day chua phai la didu kien lam viee quan trpng nhdt. Neu nhu ddi vdi<br /> ngudi lao ddng chan tay, phuong tien lam viec chit yeu la may mdc, dung cu<br /> lao dpng; thi ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng trf dc, phuong tien lam viec chit yeu la<br /> sach bao tai lieu, he thdng thdng tin tri thiic chuyen mdn... Day la didu kien<br /> lam viec khdng thd thie'u dupc ciia tri thiic. Ngoai ra, tiiy theo dac thii eiia ttog<br /> ITnh vuc hoat dpng nghd, didu kien vat chat, phuong tien lam viec cdn bao gdm<br /> mpt sd may mdc, trang thiei bj chuyen dung khac. Vf du: Ddi vdi giang vien la<br /> do diing day hpc, thiet bj trinh chieu; Ddi vdi phdng vien la may anh, may quay<br /> phim, may anh... Dac biet, mdt so nganh trong nghien ciiu khoa hpc tu nhien,<br /> cdng nghe va iing dung khdng thd thie'u dupc nhung may mdc, trang thiet bj kT<br /> thuat chuyen dung, nguyen vat lieu...<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHf TAMLy HOC, Sd 2 (155), 2 2012 59<br />  Didu kicn lam vice ciia trf ihire Viet Nam hien nay ra sao? Theo danh gia<br /> ciia Irf thiic irong nhung nghien ciiu cua chung tdi, mdt sd lupng khdng nhd trf<br /> thuc (hon 40%) khdng hai Idng vd didu kien, phuong lien lam viec hoac cho<br /> rdng ihicu dieu kicn phuong lien lam viec. Didu kien ldm viec chua ddy du ddn<br /> den hicu (pia lam vice chua cao. Vd vdn dd nay, dng Trdn Anh Tuan, Vu trudng<br /> Vu Cdng chiic, viC'n chirc - Bd Ndi vii lirng phat bidu:<br /> "/)// Irong nhu'ng ndm ddi mdi, chung ta dd phdt trien titemg dd'i nhUng<br /> vdn chua Igo dugc dieu kien cho ddi ngu tri thitc phdt trien: Tien luang hgn<br /> chi' CO' sd ky thudt hgn che, dieu kien Idm vice hgn che. Do dd, ddng le cd the<br /> ldm dugc 10 phdn nhitng cluing la chi Idm dugc 5 6 phdn" fddn theo VTC<br /> News, ngay 29/8/2008).<br /> Do viiy. trf ihirc mong mudn "mdt didu kien lam viec tranh cho hp cai<br /> canh phai "khudy nude nen hd" Tra ldi phdng vdn sau vd va'n dd nay, T.H., mdt<br /> nu giao vien cho rdng: Phai cd kinh phf phuc vu nghien ciiru; Tao mpi didu kien<br /> tdt cho nghiCMi ciiu nhu tai lieu, tham quan, giao luu, hpc hdi, hdi thao nude<br /> ngoai,..<br /> Didu kien lam viee la mdt trong nhCrng ydu td quyet djnh chdt lupng lam<br /> viee cua trf lhii:e, dac biet la nghien cuu vien. Do cung la mdt trong nhirng yeu<br /> td quan Irpng anh hudng ldi viec thu hiit nhan tai, trf thiic Viet Nam d nude<br /> ngoai vd nude lam viec. De cai thien didu kien lam viec hien nay, trf thirc mong<br /> mudn Nha nude can ddu tu manh me hon niia cho nghien ciiu khoa hpc, trong<br /> dd cd viec mua sdm cac trang thiet bj phuc vu nghien ciiu, xay dung nhiing<br /> phdng thf nghiem hien dai...<br /> 2.3. Mong mudn, nguyen vgng cua tri thirc ve van de su dung ke't qud<br /> lao ddng<br /> Chat lupng kei qua lam viec cua trf thiic nhu tren da phan tfch phu thupc<br /> vao rat nhidu ye'u td ca ehu quan va khach quan. Trong thdi gian qua, nhCrng bat<br /> cap trong eo che, chfnh sach, su yeu kem mdt bd phan tri thiic... da lam han che<br /> chat lupng sdn pham lao ddng ciia trf thiic. Vd phfa khach quan. dd la che dp<br /> dai ngp ehua phii hpp, luong cdn thap, miic dd ddu tu cho nghien cihi khoa hpc<br /> chua thda dang, co chd quan ly cimg nhdc... Vd phfa chii quan, dd la trinh dd<br /> chuyen mdn cua trf thiic cdn han che', tdm nhin kem, lam viec nang tinh chdt<br /> kinh vien, chua tdm huydt vdi nghd... Do dd, su ddng gdp ciia tri thiic ddi vdi<br /> nude nha chua dupc cdng chiing, cCing nhu cac chuyen gia danh gia cao.<br /> Trong tpa dam ban trdn vdi chu dd "Tri thure ddng gdp bao nhieu phdn<br /> tram cho sir phat trien kinh te dai nude", TS. Nguydn Van Nam, nguyen Vien<br /> trudng Vien Nghien ciiu Thuong mai nhdn dinh: "Nhin d gdc do chuyen gia<br /> nghien cdu kinh te, tdi cho rdng sit ddng gdp cua luc lugng tri thdc rdt thdp,<br /> gidi Idm chi dugc 10%" Tuong tu, TS. Le Dang Doanh phat bidu: "Ndi dinh<br /> <br /> <br /> 60 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, So 2 (155), 2 - 2012<br />  lugng tri thitc ddng gdp bao nhieu phdn trdm Id khd, khdng ddm ndi Id chua ndi<br /> bdt nhung cdn dudi tiem ndng, dudi yeu cdu, ddi hdi ciia dat nifdc" TS Trdn<br /> Viet Hung, nguyen Phd Chii nhiem Uy ban Khoa hoc, cdng nghe va Mdi<br /> irudng cung cho rang: "Cdc sdn phdm ndi bdt thd hiim su ddu tu chdt xdm a<br /> Viet Nam it" (dan theo VTC News, ngay 29/01/2009).<br /> ^ Song ddng gdp fl khdng phai la mong mudn ciia trf ihiit. Nhung ngudi<br /> trf thiic cd trach nhiem ludn mudn dupe edng hien, duoc la ngudi cd fch cho<br /> mpi ngudi, cho xa hpi. Trong nghien ciru cua chiing ldi, duoc hi ngudi cd fch<br /> cho mpi ngudi, cho xa hpi la didu khien trf thiie cam tha'y hanh phuc, chi xep<br /> sau cupc sdng gia dinh hda ihuan, em dm.<br /> "Cd ich cho mgi ngitdi, cho .xd hdi the hien qua nhu'ng ddng gi)p trong<br /> Iinhvifc chuyen mdn ciia minh cho .xdhdi. NhCfng sdn phdm lao ddng ciia minh<br /> cdy nglua trong thuc liin cudc .wng, giiip ich dugc cho mgi ngifdi. That budn<br /> ne'u nhu nhung ke't qud nghien cifu ciia minh sau khi nghiem thu bi cho vdo<br /> ngdn keo vd khdng ai su dung de'n nua. That budn vd cd tifc gidn mia khi ai dd<br /> coi thudng nghe nghiep ciia minh, khdng ddnh gid dimg gid tri sdn phdm lao<br /> ddng md minh Idm ra" (N.T.H., nir, 34 ludi, nghien cii'u vien).<br /> Nghien cuu cua La Thj Thu Thuy (2006) vd nhu cau thanh dat ciia trf<br /> thiic tre eho tha'y, mong mudn dupc ap dung tri thirc vao thuc lidn cudc sdng<br /> dupe xep d vj trf thir 3 trong sd 6 mong mudn ciia trf thire tre. Gan 90% irf lhu:e<br /> Ire trong khao sat cua lac gia ed mong mudn edng viec cua minh gdn lidn vdi<br /> thue tidn xa hdi va mang lai Ipi fch cho xa hdi. Va cung gdn tirng ay ngudi cho<br /> rdng, hp cd gdng phan dau de cd thd dem lai didu gi do cd fch lir hoat ddng<br /> nghd. Do la mot nguyen vpng chfnh dang, cd y nghia nhan van khdng chi ciia<br /> trf thiic tre ndi rieng, ma la mong mudn ciia trf thirc d mpi dp tudi. Nhu vay,<br /> ngudi trf thii:e ludn mong mudn san pham lao ddng ciia hp cd fch cho xa hpi,<br /> dupc sii dung dd phuc vu xa hdi.<br /> Mong mudn la nhu vay, song trong thuc le hien nay trf thii:e vdn ehua<br /> hai long vdi each sir dung ket qua lao ddng. Cung trong tpa dam ban trdn vdi<br /> chu dd "Trf thiic ddng gdp bao nhieu phan tram eho sir phat tridn kinh te ddt<br /> nude", TS. Nguydn Van Nam phat bidu: "Nhieu nghien cim Nhd nude ddt<br /> hdng, nghiem thu rdi cdng chi "cat ngdn keo " Nguyen nhdn td cd hai phia:<br /> Mdt mat, nhd khoa hgc chua ldn vdo cdc cdng viec cu the; Mat khde, Nhd<br /> nude, doanh nghiep mdi Idn gap khd khdn, cdn ga bi Igi chita thitc sif cdu thi<br /> nhd khoa hgc. Thdm chi nhieu kit qud nghien cdu dd cd Igi bd qua rdi di mua<br /> cdng nghe cda nuac ngodi" (ddn theo VTC News, ngay 29/01/2009).<br /> Neu nhung san pham ciia trf thiic kem chai lupng khdng dupe sir dung<br /> da danh, song cd nhiing san pham cd chat lupng, chiia dung nhidu tam huyet<br /> cua ngudi tri thiic vdn chua dupc danh gia diing miic, ehua dupc sir dung mpt<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 2 (155), 2 - 2012 61<br /> each cd hieu qua, ddn de'n sir lang phf. Vi vay, trf thii'c mong mudn cac san<br /> phdm minh lam ra dupc danh gia mdt each cdng bdng, khach quan; dupc sii<br /> dung cd hieu qua.<br /> Cd mdt sd khac biel giira cac nhdm trf thii'c cd dd tudi khac nhau: Nhdm<br /> trf thire tie dudi 40 tudi (dac biet la nhdm 30 - 39 tudi) dd cap nhidu nhai ddn<br /> mong mudn dam bao thu nhap va ddi sdng. Day la nhdm trong dd tudi kei hdn<br /> nen nhu cdu dam bao cudc sdng la rdi quan trpng. Trong khi dd, nhdm tri thiic<br /> tii 40 tudi trd len lai quan tam hon ddn chfnh sach dai ngd, chfnh sach tu do tu<br /> ludng, didu kien lam viec so vdi nhdm cdn lai. Vdi kinh nghiem lam viec, trf<br /> thiic trudng thanh mong mudn chfnh sach dai ngd phu hpp vdi ddng gdp, cdng<br /> hie'n eua hp, mong mudn cd mdt mdi trudng lam viec tu do, dan chd hon.<br /> <br /> Mdt didu rdt dang quan tam la trf thiirc danh gia kha nang thuc hien<br /> nhiing udc nguyen ciia hp nhu the nao? Di cd thd thu dupc cac kei qua danh<br /> gia ciia trf thiic vd vdn di nay, chiing tdi xay dung thang do gdm 7 miic dd vdi<br /> miic 1 la hoan todn khdng thd trd thanh hien thuc va mirc 7 la hoan toan cd the<br /> trd thanh hien thuc. Cd thd so dd hod thang do nay nhu sau:<br /> <br /> <br /> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7<br /> Hodn loan Hoan loan<br /> khdng the cd the trd<br /> trd thanh thanh hien<br /> hien thuc thuc<br /> <br /> <br /> Cac sd lieu thu dupe cho thdy, nhin chung trf thiic lin rdng, nhCmg udc<br /> nguyen ciia hp cd nhidu kha nang trd thanh hien thuc, tuy nhien nidm lin nay<br /> khdng that su manh. Tuy tirng udc nguyen, song khoang tir 1/5 den 1/3 sd<br /> ngudi cd nidm tin d miic trung binh; 1/3 den gdn 2/3 sd ngudi nghieng vd phfa<br /> lac quan nhidu hon va khoang 1/2 den 1/3 sd ngudi nghieng ve phfa it lac quan.<br /> Dac biet, trong 5 udc nguyen dupc nhidu ngudi neu ra nhieu nhdi thi danh gia<br /> cua tri thiic vd kha nang hien thuc hoa nhung udc nguyen lien quan den thu<br /> nhap va didu kien lam viec kem lac quan hon so vdi nhCrng udc nguyen cdn lai.<br /> Nhfing danh gia nay the hien nidm tin cua trf thiic. Vi vay nhCing ngudi cd trach<br /> nhiem cdn quan tdm, cd nhurng giai phap nang cao nidm tin ciia hp.<br /> <br /> Tdm lai, nhutig mong mudn, udc nguyen thudng la nhutig dieu mudn cd<br /> song chua dat dupc. Hien nay, nhutig mong mudn, udc nguyen cua tri thiirc chu<br /> yeu lien quan de'n cdng viec va xoay quanh va'n de thu nhap, dai ngd va didu<br /> kien lam viec. Tuy vay, nhu'ng tri thiirc 6 cac liia tudi khac nhau cd nhirng udc<br /> nguyen khac nhau. Ddi vdi trf thiic tre, dam bao thu nhdp va cudc sdng la mong<br /> <br /> <br /> 62 TAPCHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd2 (155), 2 - 2012<br /> mudn ldn nhdt. Trong khi dd, didu kien lam viec tdt cdn cdn thiet hon dd'i vdi<br /> nhdm tri thiic ldn tudi hon.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao<br /> 1. Nguydn Thj Hoa (chit nhiem), Mdt sd vd'n de ea bdn ve tdm ly ciia tri thifc Viet<br /> Nam hien nay, Bao cao tdng ket de lai cdp Bo Vien Tam ly hoc Vien KHXH Viet<br /> Nam, 2005.<br /> 2. Le Thj Thanh Huong (chii nhiem), Nhdn cdch vdn hod tri thifc Viet Nam trong tie'n<br /> trinh ddi mdi vd hdi nhdp qud'c te, Sd lidu khao sat de tai khoa hoc cap Nha nude ma<br /> so KX.03.11/06-10, 2008 2009.<br /> 3. Le Thj Thanh Huong, La Thj Thu Thuy (chii nhiem), Nghien cim mgt sd ddc diem<br /> tdm ly xd hdi ca bdn ciia tri thifc nifdc ta, Bao cao long kei de tai cap Bo Vien Tam ly<br /> hoc - Vien KHXH Viet Nam, 2010.<br /> 4. Le Ngpc Son, Tri thifc Id ngifdi ndm bdt tuang lai, Nguon: SVVN sd 30/2008, Trich<br /> ddn tCr http://vietsciences.org, 2008.<br /> 5. La Thj Thu Thuy, Nhu cdu thdnh dgt nghe nghiep ciia tri thifc tre, Luan an Tie'n sT<br /> Tam ly hoc, 2006.<br /> 6. Dang Hung Vd, Thang gid tri ciia tri thifc vd tri thifc, Bai tham gia hoi thao khoa<br /> hoc "Dac trung nhSn each van hoa trf thiic Viet Nam trong tien trinh ddi mdi, hoi<br /> nhap qudc te' va cac nhan td tac dpng' do dd tai KX.03.11/06-10 td chiic ngay<br /> 16/10/2009.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAPCHfTAM LyHpC,Sd2 (155), 2 2012 63<br />