Nỗ lực giảm nhập siêu lớn từ Inđônêxia

qPOCTE<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> No Mc gian nhap sien IDn til Inlonexia<br /> • TUf HONG DIEP bi cii, tinh t r a n g n h a p lau<br /> s a n p h a m det m a y vao tieu<br /> thtl ndi dia lien tuc gia<br /> n d d n e x i a la m d t qud'c tang, kha n a n g md rdng<br /> <br /> <br /> I ddd ldn, giau tai n g u y e n<br /> thien nhien, dan<br /> k h d d n g 2 4 0 trieu ngifdi vdi d a<br /> sd<br /> thi trifdng XK bi h a n c h e .<br /> I n d d n e x i a la m p t trdng<br /> nhiing nifdc NK n d n g s a n<br /> s d c tdc suf d u n g h d n 3 0 0 thuf ldn nha't the gidi, nha't Id<br /> tieng k h a c n h a u . D a y Id m d t cdc m a t h d n g gad, ngd,<br /> qud'c gia Hdi giao ldn n h a t the' dtfdng... m a c dii Chinh phu<br /> gidi. Sau nhieu t h a p ky dtfdi che ntfdc n d y d a n g r a t q u a n<br /> dp ddc tai, h i e n n a y I n d d n e x i a tam phdt trien ndng<br /> d a n g thtfc h i e n cdi td d a n chu nghiep n h d m b a o d a m nhu<br /> vd day m a n h p h d t trie'n k i n h te eau tieu thu ndi dia va gidi<br /> da't ntfdc. quyet viec lam c h e ngifdi<br /> lad ddng (hien n a y n d n g<br /> Nhifng n a m gdn day, td'c dp<br /> n g h i e p ddng gdp 15%<br /> t a n g trifdng cdng n g h i e p d a t<br /> GDP, dang thu hiit 42 trieu<br /> mifc trung b i n h 6 % / n a m . Cdc<br /> lad ddng). Nhdm h a n g rau<br /> n g a n h kinh te nhtf d e t m a y vd<br /> qua NK vad Inddnexia phdi<br /> lam nghiep dang can nhieu vdn<br /> chju mile t h u e sua't 2 5 % ,<br /> de ddi mdi cdng n g h e va t r a n g<br /> nhifng rau qua NK tif nhieu<br /> thie't bi. Chinh phii I n d d n e x i a<br /> xua't xif (nha't la tii Trung<br /> dang trien khai chtfdng trinh ddu<br /> Qud'c) van t r a n n g a p c a c<br /> tif 2.000 ty Rupiah de khdi p h u c<br /> sieu thi d Inddnexia.<br /> rifng va p h d t trien cdng n g h i e p<br /> che b i e n gd. I n d d n e x i a t h u d c Inddnexia cd tiem n a n g<br /> n h d m 10 qud'c gia h d n g dau the vd khai thac thuy hdi sdn.<br /> gidi ve sdn xua't giay, n a m 2 0 0 9 Da't ntfdc n a y ed chieu dai<br /> difng thif 3 the gidi vd s d n Itfpng bd bien hdn 95.100 km, cd<br /> gia'y va dang cd ke' h d a c h md sdn Itfpng d a n h b a t thuy<br /> rdng dien tich rifng p h u c vu cdng sdn len tdi 64 trieu ta'n<br /> Giay, sat thep, gd~nguyen li$u... nhQng m$t<br /> n g h i e p gidy. Det m a y la m p t n a m 2009 va s a n lifdng ca<br /> hang ma Vi$t Nam NK td Indonexia<br /> n g a n h cdng nghiep r a t cd trie'n ntfdc ngpt hdn 5 trieu tan,<br /> vpng vd dang dtfdc Chinh phu h e dilng thif 4 the gidi ve s a n Itfdng d d n h b a t va dd'i t a c p h a i cd giay<br /> trp p h d t trien. Sdn Itfdng h a n g thuy hdi sdn ndi chung. Viet Nam p h e p d a n h b d t dai h a n (nhtfng<br /> det may dii'ng thif 3 the gidi (sau cd the hpp tdc vdi I n d d n e x i a dtfpc xem x e t t h e e tufng n a m ) ;<br /> Trung Qudc va An Dp), nhtfng ty trdng n g a n h thuy hdi sdn, h i e n boat dpng d a n h bdt phai bao<br /> trpng p h u c vu tieu thu t r e n g nay hai b e n dang thdd t h u a n vd d d m duy tri stf p h a t t r i e n b d n<br /> ntfdc r a t cac, n e n XK dufng thuf phtfdng thifc hpp tdc va tim kiem vilng eiia ngudn li/c thuy s a n . DN<br /> 11 t h d gidi. Nganh det m a y dang dd'i tac. Phia Inddnexia cd chinh Viet Nam cd t h e h p p tdc xay<br /> difng trtfdc khd k h a n do n a n g sdch lfu dai ve thue dd'i vdi DN dtfng n h a m a y che bie'n hdi s d n<br /> Itfc c a n h t r a n h bi giam siit cd d ntfdc ngoai khi ddu ttf vao linh d Inddnexia. I n d d n e x i a cd qui<br /> trong ntfdc vd tren thi trtfdng the vtfc ndy. Inddnexia ciing cd m d t djnh hdi sdn d a n h b a t dtfpc<br /> gidi dd cdng nghe lac h a u , thie't sd qui djnh dd'i vdi tau t h u y e n k h d n g diipc chd ve Viet Nam m a<br /> <br /> 2 8 I THUUNGMfll So 21/2010<br />  QPPCTE<br /> <br /> p h a i c a p c a n g Inddnexia, trong lieu, gia'y cac loai, hod chat, t a n rd va t a n g trifdng c h a m , nhtf xi<br /> khi gia thuy hdi s d n ttfdi d dtfpc, thud'c trif sau, linh kien d m a n g , d c chdi, in a'n, nifdc gidi<br /> Inddnexia lai re hdn d Viet Nam, td... Kim n g a c h thtfdng m a i 2 k h a t , d u n g cu a m n h a e vd the<br /> n e n gay t h i e t h a i ehe ngif d a n . chidu d a n g n g h i e n g vd p h i a thad, thud'c Id...<br /> Viec h p p tdc khai t h a c thuy hai I n d d n e x i a . Nam 2 0 0 9 , XK ciia Treng liic kinh te the' gidi b d t<br /> s a n vdi phia dd'i t a c I n d d n e x i a Viet Nam s a n g I n d d n e x i a d a t dau ra khdi khiing hddng,<br /> tren viing bien qud'c te ciing la 715 trieu USD, trdng dd cd m p t I n d d n e x i a d a n g thtfc h i e n cdc<br /> mdt linh vdc quan trpng, nhtfng Sd m a t h a n g t a n g k h a nhtf thuy b i e n p h d p p h u c hdi k i n h t e ,<br /> p h a i d a m bdo yeu cdu vd b a o hdi s a n t a n g 2 6 1 % sd vdi n a m trong dd cd chu trtfdng day m a n h<br /> tdn va tdi tad ngudn lpi thuy s a n 2 0 0 8 , cd p h e 2 3 6 % , mdy tinh vd XK h a n g boa s a n g cdc ntfdc D N A<br /> vi muc tieu p h d t trien b e n vilng. s a n pha'm dien td 192,5%, che vd DBA, di ddi vdi b a n che' NK<br /> Trong cdc sdn p h a m thuy s d n , 7 8 % , d a u thd 6 5 % , d e t m a y v a c thi trtfdng trdng ntfdc. Day<br /> tdm vd cd la 2 m a t h d n g XK chu 19,4%... Ddu thd va gad Id 2 m a t dtfpc xem la khd k h a n cho cdc<br /> ye'u ciia Inddnexia sang My, EU h d n g XK c h i n h ciia Viet Nam DN Viet Nam. Nhifng t h d n g cud'i<br /> va cac thi trtfdng quan t r p n g s a n g Inddnexia, chie'm hdn 70% 2 0 0 9 vd ddu 2 0 1 0 , Inddnexia d a<br /> k h a e nhtf Nga va cdc ntfdc Ddng tdng kim n g a c h XK cua Viet p h a i vai ldn dieu chinh cac chi<br /> Au. XK rdng bien dang ndi len Id Nam s a n g thi trifdng nay, tie'p tieu kinh te vi md che phu h p p<br /> mpt n g a n h quan trpng, vdi khd'i de'n la cac m a t h a n g rau qua, vdi nhiing dien bie'n mdi. Quan<br /> Itfpng XK n a m 2009 la 100,000 tieu, dd gd, gidy d e p , t h a n dd, t a m h d n tdi viec k h a i t h d c thj<br /> t a n . Inddnexia dilng thil 2 t h e s a n p h a m nhila, cac su, xe d a p trtfdng ndi dia vdi gdn 240 trieu<br /> gidi ve XK ddu ep (CPO) va d a n g<br /> vd p h u tung... Lac n h a n , sau ngifdi tieu d u n g t r e n g khi thi<br /> n c life de trd t h d n h ndi t h a m<br /> n h i e u n a m m a t thi trifdng, n a m trifdng XK cd khd k h a n dang la<br /> chie'n gia CPO ciia the' gidi. S a n<br /> 2 0 0 8 d a XK dtfpc hPn 5.000 tan, htfdng tfu tien cua Inddnexia de<br /> lu'dng CPO n a m 2009 la 20 trieu<br /> trj gia 3,5 trieu USD; m d t s d duy tri td'c dp p h d t trie'n cua eac<br /> ta'n, chie'm 4 3 % sdn Itfpng t e a n<br /> m a t h a n g XK mdi nhif difdng, n g a n h kinh te' trong ntfdc. Chinh<br /> the' gidi. Inddnexia difng thuf 3<br /> gd'm suf... d a bifdc ddu cd chd phii I n d d n e x i a d a n g khuye'n<br /> the gidi vd XK ca cao (sau Bd<br /> dufng t r e n thj tnfdng Inddnexia. khich thu hiit FDI vac cdc n g a n h<br /> Bien Nga vd Ghana), nhiing thj<br /> N h a m xiic tien quan h e h p p t a c nhtf s a n xuat va che bie'n n d n g -<br /> trifdng XK chinh Id Xingapo,<br /> s e n g phtfdng, n a m 2 0 0 9 , Dai suf lam - thuy sdn, cd khi ehe tad,<br /> Malaixia va Trung Qud'c. Ddu lila<br /> q u d n I n d d n e x i a tai Viet Nam p h a n b d n , dien..., cd chinh s a c h<br /> cung Id mdt n g a n h kinh te quan<br /> k h a i trtfdng khdd d a y tie'ng h e trp cdc n g a n h nhtf ddng tdu,<br /> trpng vdi eac linh vtfc h e a t ddng<br /> I n d d n e x i a d Viet Nam de t a n g d td, dien tuf, thie't bi vien thdng,<br /> chinh nhtf khai t h a c ddu vd khi<br /> cifdng giad Itfu va h p p tdc. De'n cao su... Dl/ kidn trong n a m<br /> thien n h i e n , sdn xua't khi b e d<br /> nay, Viet Nam da ed mdt sd dtf 2 0 1 0 se dtfa t h e m mdt sd n g a n h<br /> ldng, p h a n phd'i cdc s a n p h a m<br /> a n FDI t a i I n d d n e x i a t r e n linh k h d c vdd dien dtfpc h e trp p h d t<br /> dau va khi.<br /> VTlc ddu khi. Phia Inddnexia cd t r i e n . Giai d e a n 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 4 ,<br /> Nhiing n a m qua, trae ddi 14 dtf d n FDI tai Viet Nam vdi I n d d n e x i a chii trifdng t a n g thu<br /> thifdng mai Viet Nam - Inddnexia td'ng vd'n 170 trieu USD, difng n g a n s a c h b d n g cdch t a n g m d t<br /> cdn d mile tha'p, nhtfng cd chidu thuf 32 ve ddu ttf ntfdc ngcdi tai sd Idai thue trung binh<br /> hifdng t a n g n h a n h , tif 1,9 ty Viet Nam. Nhifng linh vdc md 1 7 % / n a m , d d n g thdi tie'p tuc<br /> USD n a m 2006 tang len 2,52 ty n h a d a u til Inddnexia d a n g quan tbi/c h i e n trd gid dd'i vdi Itfdng<br /> USD .nam 2 0 0 9 . Kim n g a c h NK t a m d Viet Nam la che t a c d td, thilc, p h a n b d n , dieu h a n h gia<br /> h a n g h e a tif Inddnexia h i e n ba't d d n g s a n , dtfpc pha'm, che' b a n dien.vd gid n h i e n lieu hpp ly<br /> chie'm k h o a n g 1% tdng kim tad m d y n d n g nghiep, che bie'n hdn. Ve chinh s a c h thtfpng mai,<br /> n g a c h XK h a n g hoa ndi c h u n g n d n g s a n . . . Tuy n h i e n , trdng hpp tif t h d n g 9 / 2 0 0 9 , Inddnexia d a<br /> ciia niidc nay ra thi trifdng the t a c l a m a n vdi phia Inddnexia, t h d n h l a p Cd q u a n h e trp tdi<br /> gidi. Hdng hda Viet Nam NK chu cdc DN c a n quan t a m tdi viec ehinh XK vdi s d vd'n b a n ddu Id<br /> yeu la vat ttf, nguyen lieu p h u c mdi d a y P h d n g Thifdng m a i va 500 trieu USD n h d m hd trp h d a t<br /> vu s a n xuat treng ntfdc, cao su d d n g XK, nha't la dd'i vdi eac<br /> Cdng n g h i e p ntfdc n d y da x e p<br /> t d n g h p p , s d t t h e p , go nguyen mdt Sd n g d n h thudc dien de rui (Xem tie'p trang 33)<br /> <br /> THUUHG Mfll So 21/2010 I 2 9<br />  THITRUONG Ea<br /> Khdng ehl ddm b a o c h d c thi. Dtfdng n h i e n , phifdng thifc t h d n g qua c a c quy djnh ve xil ly<br /> p h a n t h d n g t r e n s a n n h a , DN ndy edn phu thudc vao k h a n a n g h d n h c h i n h h d n Id k i e n c d c<br /> ciing can lifu y d a n g ky d nbiing tai chinh, quy md ctia DN, nhtfng trtfdc tda dd cdch n d y de thilc<br /> ntfdc k h d c de b d c hd cho s a n ciing da cd nhiing Cty d Viet h i e n , n h a n h c h d n g vd thii tuc<br /> p h a m ciia m i n h . Vdi ca c ntfdc Nam dp dung cdch n a y de b a d va it td'n k e m du nd cd m o t<br /> md Viet Nam Id t h d n h vien ciia ve n h i i n g "dila cen tinh thdn" nbifdc d i e m Id t i n h r a n de vd<br /> Thdd lfdc Madrid thi cdc DN chi eua m i n h . hieu qua chtfa cao. T h e m nifa,<br /> cdn ndp qua Cue SHTT. D a n g ky DN Viet Nam thtfdng cd t a m ly<br /> Ngddi ra, cdc td chile h i e p<br /> thed Thod ifdc Madrid thi chi vdi n e t r a n h , n g a i k i e n cdc trdng<br /> hdi nhtf Hdi Tieu c h u a n vd B a c<br /> 1.000 USD, DN da cd the d a n g khi thii tuc t d t u n g ve SHTT cdn<br /> ve Ngtfdi tieu diing Viet Nam,<br /> ky b a o hd cho s d n p h a m ciia H i e p hdi Cdng n g h i e p ghi a m thie'u, cdng Mm c b d . s d vu t r a n h<br /> minh tai 10 ntfdc cd t h a m gia Viet Nam, Hdi Sd bilu Cdng c h a p gidi quye't qua cen dtfdng<br /> t h d a lfdc ndy. Thda tfdc n a y n g h i e p Viet Nam, Hiep hdi tda a n it di. Chd n e n , cung vdi<br /> khdng bao gdm My, Nhat B a n , Chd'ng h d n g gid vd B a e ve nd life ciia cdc n g d n h chifc<br /> Hdng Kdng, ASEAN, Anh, n e n n a n g , DN ciing cdn cd thdi quen<br /> thifdng hieu Viet Nam la nhiing<br /> khi d a n g ky bad hd quydn SHTT b a o ve quyen ldi chinh d a n g ciia<br /> td ehilc phi chinh phu ddng vai<br /> tai nhiing thj trtfdng n a y , DN m i n h qua con dtfdng td' tung, bdi<br /> trd tich ci/c t r e n g d a u t r a n h<br /> phai dang ky tn/c tiep va thtfdng d a y Id e a c h giai quye't triet de<br /> chd'ng h d n g gid vi p h a m SHTT.<br /> thi sil dung cdc dai dien sd bilu nha't md n h i d u nifdc dp d u n g<br /> Trdng thi/c t e , tbi/c thi quyen<br /> cdng nghjep de Mm thay. Vi du, t h a n h cdng •<br /> SHTT t a i Viet Nam thtfdng difpc<br /> DN mud'n dang ky bad hd quyen<br /> SHTT tai My thi phdi cd dai d i e n<br /> sd hUu cdng nghiep, td'n tien le<br /> phi qud'c gia k h c a n g vdi t r a m trtfdng t h e gidi nhtf ndng sdn,<br /> USD cho mdt n h d m s a n p h a m NO Lire... k h d a n g sdn, thuy hai sdn, giay<br /> cpng t h e m le phi djch vu ciia cde dep, ca p h e , e h e , dd gd, sdn<br /> h a n g dai dien k h c a n g t r e n dtfdi (Tie'p theo trang 29) pham cdng n g h i e p n h e . . . Hai<br /> 1.000 USD chd 1 n h d m s a n ntfdc cdn c a n h t r a n h nhau v6 tbu<br /> p h a m . Rd rang vdi cdch nay, DN D N N W . Viee trie'n khai thi/c hut FDI tif ciing cac n h d m ntfdc<br /> se phdi td'n phi hdn qua Thdd hien ACFTA tif 1 / 1 / 2 0 1 0 , Chinh ddu ttf. Vi t h e , de XK dtfpc h a n g<br /> tfdc Madrid, nhifng dd n h u cdu phii Inddnexia thtfc hien viec boa vde thi tnfdng Inddnexia, cae<br /> bdo hd n h a n hieu, h a n g hdd thi gidm lai sudt che vay de tang sifc<br /> DN can nghien cilu ky thj trtfdng,<br /> DN van phdi Mm. c a n h t r a n h cho DN, ddng thdi se<br /> cdi tien s a n p h a m ve m a u ma vd<br /> Bad ve nhifng tdi sdn tri tue ddm p h a n lai vdi Trung Qud'c de<br /> cha't Itfpng, quan t a m ha gid<br /> cua minh k h d n g chi b d n g viec h o a n thife hien mdt sd qui dinh<br /> thanh sdn pham, xay di/ng<br /> dang ky bdo hd, ddn tem chd'ng ciia ACFTA dd'i vdi mdt sd ngdnh<br /> thtfpng hieu chd h a n g hdd thed<br /> h a n g gid, qudn ly tdt h e thd'ng s d n x u a t ciia Inddnexia. Hien<br /> tieu c h u a n qudc te de n a n g sifc<br /> p h a n phdi, m d t chuyen gia ve nay, 5 n g a n h sdn xua't ciia In-<br /> ddnexia kie'n nghi h e a n ap dung c a n h t r a n h cua h a n g hod. Cde<br /> linh vtfc qudn ly thj trtfdng cho<br /> viec m i e n t h u d ACFTA M: bed DN cdn tich ci/c t h a m gia hpi<br /> rdng, cdc DN phai ehii ddng phd'i<br /> ddu, t h e p , may m a c , dien til, chp, t h a m dtf trien Mm qud'c te<br /> hpp vdi cac cd quan thtfc thi. 5<br /> Hoa Ky, de bdo ve quyen lpi cho giay d e p (trong do d e t may dd da n g a n h va chuyen ngdnh dtfpc<br /> minh, eac Cty ddu cd nhifng bp nghj h o a n thtfc bien trong 2 n a m td chifc d Inddnexia de gidi thieu<br /> p h a n rieng h o a c thue eac Cty vd n g a n h t h e p Id 3 n a m ) . s a n p h a m , gidi thieu ve DN, tim<br /> luat, Cty thdm td ttf de bdo ve Viet Nam va Inddnexia cd cd kiem b a n h a n g , tim kie'm n h u<br /> b a n quydn cho minh. Trong cau thj tnfdng ttfdng dd'i gid'ng cdu ciia k h d c h h d n g . Ngoai ra,<br /> trifdng h p p bj vi p h a m quyen n h a u , cd ca'u h a n g hod XNK khd DN can hpp tdc vdi phia dd'i tac<br /> SHTT, cac Cty deu cd hinh thile tifdng ddng, DN hai ntfdc thtfdng de xay dtfng cd sd sdn xud't d<br /> phdi hpp ve phifdng tien, hd trp c a n h t r a n h n h a u treng XK cdc I n d d n e x i a rdi XK s a n pha'm di<br /> kinh phi cho cdc life Itfpng thtfc m a t h a n g the m a n h t r e n thi eac ntfdc thif 3 •<br /> <br /> THUOHG Mfll So 21/2010 I 3 3<br />