Occurrence and human exposure risk assessment of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust in Ha Noi, Viet Nam

The widespread use of flame retardants in commercial and industrial products has led to their increased presence in the environment. Recently, indoor dust has been identified as a major human exposure route for flame retardants. In the present study, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were examined in indoor dust samples collected from apartments in Hanoi, Viet Nam.