Phác thảo mô hình lý thuyết về nhân cách văn hóa trí thức - Lê Thị Thanh Hương

PHAC THAO MO HINH LY THUYET VE<br /> NHAN C A C H VAN HOA TRI THUC<br /> <br /> Le Thj Thanh Huang<br /> Vien Tdm l\ hoc.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Viec xac dinh mpt m6 hinh nhan each van hoa ciia m6t tang ldp xa hpi<br /> nha't dinh cd y nghTa rai ldn. Mpt mat, m6 hinh dd la sir phan anh cu thd ehien<br /> lupc phat tndn con ngudi ciia dat nudc, do do ed y nghTa dinh hudng hoat dpng<br /> giao due ciia xa hpi. Mat khac, dd m6 hinh dd cd thd trd thanh hien thuc hoa<br /> trong thuc tien cupc sdng thi m6 hinh phai bam sat thuc tien cupc sdng. Noi<br /> each khac, cin ed nhung dieu kien hien thuc dd m6 hinh da dupe xac dinh c6<br /> thd phat trien, chang ban, cac co quan, t6 chiie cd trach nhiem can co nhung<br /> chfnh sach phii hop. Nhu vay, viec xay dung mo hinh nhan each van hoa ciia<br /> mpt ting ldp xa hpi vira co y nghTa dinh hudng cho hoat dpng giao due vira la<br /> didm tua eho viec didu chinh eac chinh sach quIn ly xa hpi.<br /> 1. Mpt sd xuat phat diem trong xay dung mo hinh ly thuyet nhan<br /> each van hoa tri thirc<br /> Xudt phdt diem thif nhdt: Ten ggi cua md hinh quy dinh pham vi ngi<br /> dung cua md hinh vd gdc do tiep can nhifng mat cdu thdnh cu the<br /> Nhiem vu dat ra la xay dung m6 hinh nhan each van hua ciia mpt tang<br /> ldp xa hoi. Nhu vay, goc dp tiep can d day la tiep can lien khai niem: Nhan<br /> each va van hoa. Vi vay, nhung npi dung can dupe chu trpng la nhirng gl thd<br /> hien rd nha't mdi quan he giiia nhan each va van hoa. Chung ta deu hidu rang<br /> van boa la m6t khai niem cd npi ham rat rpng. Trong van hoa co van hoa vat<br /> thd va van hoa phi vat thd. Trong ITnh vuc van hoa phi vat thd c6 thd ed nhirng<br /> san phim ciia boat dpng nghe thuat dan gian nhu tuong, cheo, cac Id hpi, tin<br /> ngudng t6n giao... va cd c l nhung net dac trung van boa dan toe thd hien trong<br /> each ling xir, quan he ciia con ngudi vdi ngudi khac, vdi xa hpi. tu nhien va vdi<br /> ban than, nhung phim chat tam ly dan lpc... Theo chiing toi, khi ban den nhan<br /> each van boa cin chii trpng den nhung dac trung van hoa iing xir trong cac mdi<br /> quan he cua con ngudi - nhung gi thd hien sinh dpng nhat mdi quan he giira<br /> nhan each va van hoa. Tir gdc dp van boa, chiing ta nghien ciiu nhan each nhu<br /> nhu'no chii thd ciia cac hoat dpng xa hpi. ton tai trong cac mdi quan he xa hoi<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY H O C SO 8 (125). 8 - 2009<br /> phuc tap. mang nhung net nhan each dac trung van boa dan tpc, cong dong ma<br /> con ngudl ca thd do la thanh vien. Tir gdc dp nhan each thi khfa canh van hoa<br /> phi vat the. ma cu thd hon la cac khuon mlu hanh vi iing xir cua con ngudi.<br /> cong ddng ngudi trong cac mdi quan he vdi tu nhien, xa hpi (vdi nhiing quy mo<br /> khcic nhau nhu gia dinh, dong hp. lang xa. tpc ngudi, qudc gia, nhan loai...) va<br /> vdi ban than - nhung khu6n mlu hanh vi ung xir thd hien nhung net tam ly da<br /> trd thanh dac trung van hoa cho cong dong ngudi la khfa canh van boa thd hien<br /> sinh dpng nhat nhung nhan each - chii thd ciia ndn van boa dd.<br /> Xudt phdt diem thu hai: Chitc ndng, vai trd xd hdi cua nhdm xd hoi<br /> cd nhdn each vdn hod duge nghien ciiu<br /> Rat khd danh gia nhung net diic trung nhan each van hoa ciia con ngudi<br /> m6t each chung chung. bdi gia tri ciia mpt net nhan each nao dd cdn tuy thupe<br /> vao chd no dupe xem xet trong nhung mdi quan he nao. Nhan each thd hien gia<br /> tri xa hpi ciia mdi ca nhan, mdi nhdm xa hpi, ma cac gia tri xa hpi lai gin lien<br /> vdi nhung vai trd xa hpi ma ca nhan, nhdm xa hpi dim nhan. Tren thuc te. moi<br /> ca nhan, mdi nhom xa hpi thuc hien nhidu vai khac nhau trong nhung mdi quan<br /> he khac nhau. Vi vay, di cd thd xac dinh va danh gia chinh xac hon nhung dac<br /> didm nhan each van hoa ciia ca nhan hay nhdm xa hpi nhat dinh, can xuat phat<br /> tir nhirng chiic nang, vai xa hpi ciia hp trong mot sd mdi quan he nhat dinh.<br /> Theo chiing t6i, mpt each chung nhat, cd thd xac dinh hai vai co bin sau dly<br /> cua bat cii nhdm xa hpi nao trong xa hpi:<br /> - Vai nghd nghiep: Trong xa hpi, bat eir mpt ca nhan nao hay nhdm xa<br /> hpi nao ciing se tham gia (true tiep hay gian tiep) vao qua trinh phat tridn ciia<br /> xa hpi va th6ng qua dd thd hien gia tri xa hpi ciia minh blng nhung boat dpng<br /> da dang khac nhau, trong dd boat dpng nghd nghiep/hoat dpng lao dpng la boat<br /> dpng CO y nghTa rat quan trpng. Vd co bin, m6i ca nhan hay nhdm xa hdi deu<br /> CO thd dupe quy vao mpt nhdm nghe nghiep/lao dpng nao dd trong xa hpi. Noi<br /> each khac. tieu chi nghe nghiep la mpt trong nhung tieu chf co bin dd phan<br /> tach cac nhom xa hpi trong mpt cong ddng xa hoi chung. Tir nhiing dac thii<br /> ngho nghiep ciia minh. nhdm xa hpi nhat dinh se cd dupe vi tri xa hpi nhat dinh<br /> va phli dim nhan nhung chiic nang xa hpi nhat dinh. Nhung didu nay trong<br /> nhung bdi canh lich sir - xa hpi cu thd se quy dinh va ddi hdi con ngudi thuoc<br /> nhdm xa hpi dd phli cd nhirng dac didm nhan each van boa phii hpp, dap irng<br /> nhirng yeu cau ciia xa hpi.<br /> - Vai cong dim: Mdi ca nhan. mdi nhdm xa hpi vdi tu each la mpt cau<br /> thanh tao nen mpt xa hpi c6ng dan ddu phli thuc hien vai trd cong dan ciia<br /> minh. 0 mot miic dp nao dd (cd thd la dudi gdc dp phap luat) vai trd nay la nhu<br /> nhau ddi vdi tat ca cac nhdm xa hpi khac nhau. nhung tren thuc tc cung seed<br /> nhung khac bicl (dudi goc dp nhirng doi hdi ciia du luan xa hdi. cua nghe<br /> nghiep) do no chiu su chi phdi nhat dinh ciia vi trf xa hpi va chuc nang xa hpi<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, .SO 8 (125), S - 2009<br /> ma con ngudi cd dupe tir boat dpng nghd nghiep ciia minh. Vai c6ng dan doi<br /> hoi eon ngudi thupe cac nhdm xa hpi khac nhau phai co nhirng dac didm nhan<br /> each van hoa va khuon mlu hanh vi iing xir phii hpp vdi giai doan phat tridn eu<br /> the ciia xa hpi, phii hop vdi he thdng cac ehuln muc hanh vi ma xa hpi do chap<br /> nhan. Trong vai trd nay, nhung net dae trung nhan each van hoa cua con ngudi<br /> cd thd dupe xem xet rd nha't trong cae mdi quan he vdi nhung ngudi khac, vdi<br /> dat nudc, dan tpc, nhan loai, gia dinh, ddng hp, cong dong va trong quan he vdi<br /> bin than.<br /> Hai vai neu tren (vai lien quan den boat dpng nghd nghiep va vai c6ng<br /> dan) tao nen hai mat cua m6 hinh nhan each van boa. quy dinh tinh dac thii ciia<br /> hai mat eau thanh dd. Trong vai c6ng dan thi npi dung chii yeu tap trung vao<br /> cac phim chat, cac khu6n mlu hanh vi irng xir trong cac mdi quan he neu tren.<br /> Trong vai la nhdm xa hpi nghd nghiep thi viec nghien ciiu kh6ng chi tap trung<br /> vao cac phim chat nghd nghiep ciia nhan each, ma cdn cin tim hidu nhung<br /> nang luc nghd nghiep cua hp, xac dinh nhung mat yeu. mat manh ciia hp trudc<br /> nhung yeu clu ciia thuc tidn phat tridn dat nudc.<br /> Xudt phdt diem thif ba: Bdi cdnh phdt trien<br /> Van boa va nhan each khOng tTnh tai. ma lu6n van dong. Vi vay, viec<br /> nghien ciiu nhan each van boa ciia mpt nhom xa hpi nhat dinh kh6ng thd tach<br /> rdi khdi bdi canh phat tridn cu thd ciia dat nudc. Bdi cInh phat tridn cu thd se<br /> dat ra nhung yeu cau ddi vdi moi con ngirdi, mOi nhdm xa hpi, bupc ca nhan<br /> hay nhdm phai thay ddi va ren luyen dc cd duoc nhung net nhan each van boa<br /> dap ling nhung ddi hdi ciia thuc tien phat tridn. Nhirng nhiem vu ma xa hpi dat<br /> ra cho ca nhan, nhdm xa hpi trong m6i giai doan phat tridn lich sir cu thd cung<br /> la CO sd dd ngudi nghien ciiu cd the xac dinh nhung mat tfch cue va nhiing mat<br /> ban che trong nhan each van hoa ciia m6i ca nhan hay nhdm xa hpi, cung nhu<br /> xac dinh xem trong sd nhii'ng dac trung van boa ciia dan tpc thi dau la nhung<br /> dac trung co thd phat huy dd dat nudc, dan tpc tiep tuc phat tridn nhanh trong<br /> bdi d n h mdi, de m6i ca nhan cd the ddng gdp nhidu hon cho ,\a hoi \'a ban<br /> than, dau la nhung didm ban che. can trd su phat tridn. Nhu vay, tir xuat phat<br /> didm bdi canh phat tridn cu the, ngudi nghien ciiu co thd phac hoa mpt each chi<br /> tie't nhan each van boa ciia tang ldp xa hpi duoc nghien ciiu trong nhung giai<br /> doan phat tridn cu thd ciia lich sir dat nudc.<br /> 2. Phac thao md hinh nhan each van hoa tri thirc<br /> i-' " Trudc khi di xuat m6 hinh nhan each van hoa trf thuc, chimg toi xin neu<br /> mdt sd y kien trong tiep can nghien cuii van de nay.<br /> Nhiing phim chat nhan each van hoa cua con ngudi thuc chai la nhirng<br /> aia tri duoc ca nhan tiep thu. linh hpi hoiic sang tao ra tren co sd cac gia tri.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 8 (125). 8 - 2009<br /> ehuln muc xa hoi. Nhung viec tiep thu nhung gia tri, ehuln muc xa h6i cd<br /> nhieu cap dp khac nhau. ^<br /> Ndi de'n he gia tn, he ehuln muc cua con ngudi la ndi den mpt trat tu<br /> thu bac nhat dinh (chins han, theo tieu chf miic dp: quan trong - kh6ng quan<br /> trong,' mong mudn hay kh6ng mong mudn. cin thiet - khong can thiet...) cua<br /> nhung gia tn, nhung ehuln muc ung xir ma ca nhin hay xa hoi da quy gan cho<br /> chung Trong tuong quan vdi nhung gia tri, ehuln muc khac trong he thdng. Y<br /> nghTa xa h6i lam cho van dd he gia tn, he ehuln milc nhan each cua con nguoi<br /> duoc nhidu nha nghien ciru quan tam la d chd, cac gia tri dupe de cao trong hp<br /> thdng cd tinh thiic dly hanh vi ciia con ngudi, duoc hp ITnh hpi, nhap tam hoa<br /> thanh nhung phim chat cua bin than, qua dd tao nen gia tri xa hdi ciia nhan<br /> each ho. Cho den nay, nhidu nha nghien cim da tim hidu he gia tri, he chuan<br /> muc nhan each ciia con ngudi dupe thd hien trong thuc tien cupc sdng va xem<br /> hanh dpng thuc tidn nhu ehuln danh gia duy nhat. Day la mot hudng nghien<br /> cim hpp ly, bdi chf nhung gi that sir thOi thiic con ngudi hanh dpng thi mdi the<br /> hien dupe gia tri ciia chiing. Tuy nhien, mot cau hdi dat ra, lieu trat tu thii bac<br /> ciia cac gia tn trong he thdng gia tri, ehuln miic xa hpi cd nhu nhau ddi vdi ca<br /> nhan khi xem xet d nhung cap dp khac nhau (chlng han, cap dp nhan thirc, cap<br /> dp hanh vi...) hay kh6ng? Neu ed su khac nhau thi viec tim hidu he gia tri the<br /> hien d cap dp nhan thirc cd y nghTa hay khong trong mdi quan he vdi van dd<br /> hinh thanh va phat tridn nhan each con ngudi theo dinh hudng phii hpp vdi<br /> nhii'ng yeu clu ciia thuc tidn phat tridn dat nudc?<br /> Theo chiing t6i, viec nghien ciiu qua trinh ca nhin npi tam boa he gia<br /> tri. ehuln muc xa hdi (dd chiing trd thanh nhung phim chat nhan each cua ca<br /> nhan) cin phli dupe xem xet d nhung cap dp khac nhau. Cd 3 cap dp can quan<br /> tam. Do la cap dp nhan thiic, cap dp mong mudn - xiic cam va cudi cimg la cap<br /> dp hanh vi (hanh dpng thuc tidn)'". Tren thuc te, hanh dpng thuc tidn nhu la sii<br /> thd hien khach quan he gia tri ciia ea nhan kh6ng phli la sir phin anh do'n giln<br /> he gia tri do. Dd hidu dupe thir bac cac gia tri trong he gia tri ciia ca nhan hay<br /> nhom xa hpi nao do cin phai xem xet d nhidu cap dp khac nhau va theo nhidu<br /> gdc dp khac nhau, tfnh den nhung mong mudn chii quan ciia ca nhan lln nhiing<br /> didu kien khach quan ma ca nhan cd dupe. Ndi each khac, mdi tuong quan giira<br /> he gia tri, he ehuln miic nhu mpt nhan td npi lire, ed tidm nang thiic dly nhan<br /> each hanh dpng va hanh dpng thuc tien cua nhin each kh6ng phli la mdi tuong<br /> quan don nhat. Viec quan sat nhung hanh dpng cu thd ciia nhan each chua chae<br /> da cho tha'y mpt each dly dii va chinh xac thu bac ciia cac gia tri trong he gia<br /> tri ciia nhan each. Chinh vi vay, viec nghien cii"u he gia tri, he chuan muc nhan<br /> each van hoa con ngudi cin dupe xem xet d nhung cap dp bidu hien khac nhau.<br /> Viec xem xet nhu vay rat ed y nghTa ddi vdi viec didu chinh khi cin thiet.<br /> Chlng ban, trong trudng hpp khi ddi vdi ea nhan, thii bae eac gia tri d tat ca cac<br /> cap dp deu thdng nhat vdi nhau, nhung theo chidu hudng tieu cue. khon" thuan<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 8 (125). 8 - 2009<br /> Ipi cho sir phat tridn eiia ca nhan cung nhu ciia xa hpi thi cac gili phap dieu<br /> chinh phli tap trung tac dpng vao ca ba cap dp, hudng vao viec thay ddi nhan<br /> thiic. khoi day nhirng xuc elm tfch cue va thay ddi cac dieu kien khach quan<br /> nham didu chinh hanh vi theo hudng tich cue. Tuy nhien, trong trudng hpp co<br /> sir khong thdng nhat trong bidu hien he gia tri d cac cap do khac nhau, chang<br /> han nhung bidu hien d cap dp nhim thiic va mong mudn ddu phii hop vdi cac<br /> chuan danh gia ciia xa hpi, nhung d cap dp hanh vi lai cd gi dd kh6ng phii hop<br /> thi nhung giai phap didu chinh chii yeu se phai tap trung vao viec thay ddi<br /> nhirng didu kien sdng khach quan ban la nhim vao thay ddi nhan thirc va xiic<br /> elm ciia hp.<br /> Viec phan ehia cae cap dp thd hien he gia tri, he chuan mirc thd hien cac<br /> phim cha't ciia nhan each chf la tuong ddi. Sir chuydn hoa cac gia tri d cap dp<br /> nay sang cap dp khac kh6ng chi chiu sir quy dmh cua nhiing nhan td chu quan,<br /> ma trong nhieu trudng hpp, nhung dieu kien khach quan la nhung nhan td cd<br /> tfnh quyet dinh.<br /> Khi noi den cae phim chat nhan each van hoa ciia ting ldp trf thuc Viet<br /> Nam hien nay, theo chiing toi, it nhat ciing phai phan biet hai cap dp. Trudc<br /> he't, dd la nhirng phim chat nhan each van hoa ma xa hpi doi hoi nhung ngudi<br /> trf thiic cin phai cd dd cd thd thuc hien tdt chirc nang xa hpi ciia minh va duoc<br /> ting ldp trf thirc nhin nhan la nhung gia tri quan trpng (day la nhiing gia tri d<br /> cap dp nhan thirc). Nhiing phim chat/gia tri nay dupe rut ra tir nhung nhan dinh<br /> vd vai trd xa hpi ciia ting \ap trf thirc (vai trd nghe nghiep va vai trd c6ng dan),<br /> bdi einh phat tridn va dinh hudng muc tieu phat trien ciia qudc gia trong mpt<br /> khoing thdi gian nha't dinh. Tuy nhien, nhung phim chat nhan each van boa<br /> cin cd ddi vdi trf thirc Viet Nam hien nay dupe thd hien trong thuc tidn cupc<br /> sdng nhu the nao?, nhung gia tri, ehuln muc dupe nhin nhan la trf thiic can phli<br /> cd da chi phdi hanh dpng thuc tien ciia hp den dau? (he gia tri, he ehuln muc<br /> nhan each van hoa d cap dp hanh vi) lai phu thupe vao rat nhidu nhan td khac<br /> nhau, bao gdm ca nhung nhan td ehii quan tir phia ngirdi tri thirc va ca nhung<br /> nhan td khach quan lien quan den m6i trudng van hoa - xa hpi, m6i trudng lam<br /> viec ciia ting ldp xa hpi nghd nghiep nay.<br /> Tren co sd hai xuat phat diem dau tien, chimg t6i dc xuat mo hinh nhan<br /> each van hoa trf thuc gdm hai mat co ban:<br /> 1) Nhung phim chat hen quan true tiep den boat dpng nghd nghiep ciia<br /> trf thirc, gdm nhung phim chat co ban lien quan den nhung khfa canh sau dly:<br /> ': : - Mdt sd phim chat tu duy (vf du, tu duy sang tao, tu duy phan bien, tu<br /> duy du bao...).<br /> ' •'* • - Mpt sd phim chat nhan each khac cin thiet cho boat ddng nghd nghiep<br /> eiia trf thirc (vf du. tinh trung thuc. tfnh dung elm....).<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 8 (125), 8 - 2009<br />  2) Nhung phim chat lien quan den vai trd cdng dan ciia ting ldp tri thiic<br /> (vf du, y thirc trach nhiem, xac dinh mdi quan he giua loi ich ca nhan - loi fch<br /> cdng ddng, dat nudc. tinh than dan tpc...).<br /> Sir phan tach nhung loai phim chat nhin each van boa cua ngudi trf thiic<br /> nhu vay la cd tfnh tuo'ng ddi. Tren thuc te, nhirng phim chat nhan each van boa<br /> neu tren (bao gdm nhung pham chat cin thiet cho boat dpng nghd nghiep va<br /> nhung phim chat dap iing vai trd cdng dan) duoc thd hien dan xen vao nhau,<br /> tac dpng lln nhau va bd xung cho nhau giiip ngudi tri thiic thuc hien tdt vai trd<br /> xa hpi ciia minh trong su phat tridn chung ciia qudc gia va nhan loai.<br /> Nhung dac thii ciia boat dpng nghd nghiep ciing vdi chirc nang, vai tro<br /> xa hpi ciia trf thiic la co sd cho viec hinh thanh va phat trien d trf thiic nhiing<br /> phim chat nhan each van boa dac trung. Nhidu nha nghien ciiu da neu ra nhung<br /> phim chat nay. Cd thd thay nhung phim chat sau day la nhung phim chat ndi<br /> trpi, dac trung ma nhung trf thiic chan chfnh thdi dai nao ciing cd:<br /> - Tu duy sang tao. dpc lap. hoai nghi lanh manh, cd khi nang phin bien,<br /> du bao, hp lu6n dat lai van di. khong blng long vdi nhung cai cd sin, dupe coi<br /> la da dn dinh, hp lu6n tu y thiic lai, tu phe binh bin than... nhd dd giiip xa hpi<br /> tien tdi mot trat tu tdt dep hon (Vu Khieu, Ta Ngpc Lien (2006), Huynh KhIi<br /> Vinh (2001), Pham Tat Dong (1995), Chu Hao (2008), Hidcchiro Nakano<br /> (1996), Nguyen Ngpc (2008)...). / " .. "<br /> - Quan tam den nhung van di xa hpi, dat nudc, luon gin ket nhung van<br /> dd nghd nghiep vdi nhirng van dd ldn cua dat nude, dan tdc, nhan loai (Ta Nguc<br /> Lien (2006), Truong Thau (2006), Pham Tat Dong (1995), Paul Alexandre<br /> Baran, Nguyen Ngpc (2008)...). . , , .<br /> - Trung thuc (Trln Hiru Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek ...). •' -<br /> - Dam me cong viec, cd trach nhiem, dam hy sinh vi nghiep ldn (Ta<br /> Nguc Lien (2006), Trln Hiiu Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek Nouven N^oc<br /> (2008)...). ' c ^<br /> - Dung cam, dam bao ve quan didm ciia minh (Pham Tat Dong (1995),<br /> Trln Huu Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek, Nguyen Ngpc (2008).'..).<br /> - Tu chii, cd y thiic tu do tu tudng (Trln Hiru Dung (2008)...).<br /> - Co dao diic. cd luong tn, cd tfnh nhin bin. t6n thd ly tudng Chin -<br /> Thien - My (Pham Tat Dong (1995), Trln Hiru Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek...).<br /> Nhirng pham chat nhan each van boa neu tren la nhirng phim chat ma<br /> nguoi tn thirc can phai co di co thd hoan thanh tdt chiic nans va vai trd xa hoi<br /> cua minh. Cung chinh tren co sd thuc bicn mdt each nghiem liic, cd trach<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 8 (125). 8 - 2009<br /> nhiem cac chu-e nang, vai trd xa hpi dd ma nhung ngudi trf thirc ldn, trf thiic<br /> chan chfnh mpi thdi dai cd dupe nhiing phim chat dd.<br /> Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam dat muc tieu den nam 2020 nudc ta se trd<br /> thanh mpt nude e6ng nghiep theo hudng hien dai. Qua trinh thuc hien mue tieu<br /> dd lai didn ra trong bdi cInh toan clu boa va hpi nhap qudc te ngay cang sau,<br /> rpng, tfnh canh tranh ngay eang gay git, trong khi Viet Nam hien la mpt nudc<br /> dang phat tridn, cd nhidu ban che' vd nhidu mat so vdi nhidu nudc tren the gidi.<br /> Bdi canh dd dat ra trudc nhung ngudi trf thiic nhung nhiem vu mdi. Neu nhu<br /> ngay xua, trong hoan canh ciia minh, tri thiic tran trd tim dudng ciiu nudc, danh<br /> dpc lap, tu do va hanh phiic cho nhan dan thi ngay nay trf thiic phli tran trd vd<br /> nguy CO tut hau dang de nang len dat nudc (Vu Khieu). Di cd thd hoan thanh<br /> dupe nhung nhiem vu ma dat nudc dat ra cho ting ldp trf thiic trong bdi canh<br /> phat tridn hien nay, ngudi tri thiic phli nd lire hon rat nhidu.<br /> Tir dac thii vd boat dpng nghd nghiep va chiic nang, vai trd xa hpi cua<br /> tang ldp tri thiic, tir nhung dac thii ciia bdi d n h phat tridn mdi va nhung nhiem<br /> vu ma c6ng cupc phat tridn dat nudc dat ra, cd thd phac thao khai quat nhung<br /> net nhan each van boa co bin ma trf thiic Viet Nam trong thdi dai hien nay cin<br /> cd nhu sau:<br /> * Mot sdphdm chdt tu duy lien quan den hoat ddng nghe nghiep, ddp<br /> dng nhiing ddi hdi cua bdi cdnh phdt trien m&i. Gdm:<br /> - Tu duy dpc lap<br /> - Tu duy sang tao/hoai nghi lanh manh<br /> - Tu duy toan clu<br /> - Tu duy vupt trudc (lien quan den ehiic nang dir bao).<br /> * Mot sd phdm chat nhdn cdch vdn hod cdn thiet cho hogt ddng nghe<br /> nghiep ciia tri thifc. Gdm:<br /> - Dpng ca thanh dat<br /> - Hiing thii nghd<br /> - Dung d m / p h i n bien lanh manh/phe phan lanh manh<br /> - Tinh than hop tac<br /> - Y thiic trach nhiem<br /> - Tinh tu tin<br /> - Tinh trung thuc<br /> - Tinh nang dpng/nhay ben<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. Sd 8 (125), 8 - 2009<br />  - Dinh hudng gia tri cOng viec ( d c gia tri: Thu nhdp. thdng tien. the<br /> hien cdi tin itu do tu tuong. khdng dinh ban thdn trong xcl hdi. hitng thu cd<br /> nhdn. phdt huy ndng life, tinh dn dinh ciia cdng viec. mao hiem).<br /> * Mdt sd phdm chdt nhdn cdch khdc 5 -<br /> - Dinh hudng gia tri cupc sdng (ke't hpp hai boa loi fch ca nhin. loi ich<br /> cong ddng. dat nudc. nhan loai...).<br /> - Dinh hudng phat tridn mdi trudng xa boi (dam bao dan chu. c6ng blng<br /> xa hpi. phat trien ben vung...).<br /> - Co y thirc giu gin bin sic van boa dan tpc va tie'p thu c^ic gia tri van<br /> hoa mdi nham phat trien van hoa Viet Nam.<br /> Nhung phim chat na\' cd that su tdn tai d ting ldp trf thirc Viet Nam<br /> hien nay hay khOng lai phu thuoc rat nhieu kh6ng chi vao ban than trf thirc. ma<br /> vao c l nhung dieu kien sdng \'a lam N iec ciia hp hien nay.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chu thich<br /> 1. Xem them Le Thanh Huang. "Ddnh gid dinh hudng gid tri cua con ngirdi". Tap chi<br /> Tam Iv hoc, sd 7, 2003.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao<br /> 1. Vu Khieu. (2006). Tri thirc Viet Nam then xua. NXB Thuan Hoa. '<br /> 2. Tran Dinh Hupu (1996). Den hien dgi tu truyen thdng, NXB Van hoa.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> •:.:': a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. Sd 8 (125). 8 - 2009<br />