Prevalence and physical characteristics of locomotive syndrome stages as classified by the new criteria 2020 in older Japanese people: Results from the Nagahama study

The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) proposed the concept of locomotive syndrome (LS) in 2007 for detecting high-risk individuals with mobility limitation. In 2020, the JOA revised the clinical decision limits and introduced LS stage 3, which carried the highest-risk for LS compared to the conventional stages, 1 and 2.