QUAN HE G I O A ARAP XEUT<br />
VA TO CHU'C THU'aNG MAI THE GIQI<br />
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Triecmg Tuan Anh*<br />
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di dan sd 28 trieu ngudi, Arap xuat khau, Xuat khau dau dau thd va cac san<br />
Xeut la nude cd nen kinh te Idn pham hoa dau chiem da sd ngudn thu eiia<br />
nhat trong khoi GCC (Hdi ddng Arap Xeut. Do dac diem nhu vay, Arap Xeut<br />
hgp tac viing Vinh). Day eung la mdt trong hau nhu nhap khau tat ea eac lo^i hang boa<br />
nhung qudc gia xuat khau dau thd Idn nhat de phyc vu nhu cau trong nude tu san xuat<br />
tren the gidi va diing dau OPEC vdi dy trQ- tdi tieu dung. Cae mat hang nhap khau chinh<br />
dau thd chiem 25% ciia the gidi. Nam 2008, gdm may mdc thiet bi, phuong tien van tai,<br />
GDP tang 6% va dat khoang 600 ty USD; luong thyc thyc pham, hoa chat, hang tieu<br />
xuat khau dat 330 ty USD va nhap khau dat diing. Cac ban hang ehii yeu gdm: My, Nhat,<br />
107 ty USD; thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi Diic, Anh, Han Qudc, Trung Qudc,<br />
dat 21.300 USD. Trude bien ddng eiia euge Singapore, Dai Loan.<br />
khiing hoang tai chinh toan eau dang dien ra,<br />
Arap Xeut cung chiu tae dgng dang ke bdi Chinh phii Arap Xeut da va dang thyc<br />
sy di xudng cua gia dau md the gidi. Tde do hien eai each kinh te sau rgng nham day<br />
tang trudng GDP chi dat 2% vao nam 2009 manh phat trien kinh te qudc dan. Dau mdc<br />
va muc tieu trong nam 2010 eiia nude nay la quan trgng trong hgi nhap kinh te qudc te la<br />
dat tde do tang trudng binh quan la 5%\ viec Arap Xeut gia nhap WTO vao cudi nam<br />
2005.<br />
Nen kinh te ciia Arap Xeut chii yeu dya<br />
1. Khai quat tien trinli gia nhap<br />
vao nganh edng nghiep quan trgng la khai<br />
thac dau, Igc dau, hoa dau va cac san pham<br />
To chCtc thiTofng mai the gidi cua<br />
cd lien quan den dau nhu: phan bdn va chat<br />
Arap Xeut<br />
deo. Nganh edng nghiep dau chiem 75% thu Vao thang 4 nam 1993, Arap Xeut lan dau<br />
ngan sach, 45% GDP va 90% kim ngach tien nop don xin tham gia vao Hiep dinh<br />
chung ve Thuang mai va Thue quan (viet tat<br />
la GATT - General Agreement on Tariffs<br />
Thac sT, Vien Thong tin Khoa hpc Xa hpi<br />
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IS Tgp chi nghien cim OlAu PHI & TRUNG D 6 N G S6 09 (61) thang 09/2010<br />
Quan he gi Cha Arap Xeut... Tri/dng Tuan Anh<br />
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and Trade), Ngay 1/1/1995, To chiic thuang WTO se tao dieu kien cho Arap Xeut thu hiit<br />
mai the gidi (viet tat la WTO - World Trade vdn dau tu nude ngoai, tao them viec lam<br />
Organization) dygc ra ddi de thay the eho eho ngudi dan, giiip da dang hda nen kinh te<br />
GATT^ da thanh lap Ban Cdng tae ve van lau nay van le thudc vao dau liia va mang lai<br />
de Arap Xeut xin gia nhap WTO, Theo Bd CO hgi xuat khau cho cae doanh nghiep, dac<br />
Thuong mai ciia Arap Xeut, sau hon mgt biet la doanh nghiep trong nganh edng<br />
thap ky dam phan song phuang va da nghiep hda dau. Vao WTO, Arap Xeut se<br />
phuang, qudc gia nay da trai qua 314 vdng tien hanh eai each he thdng thuang mai ciia<br />
minh, dang chii y nhat la van de sd huu tri<br />
dam phan song phuong va 150 vdng dam<br />
tue, giay phep nhap khau, le phi thue quan va<br />
phan da phuang vdi cae thanh vien ciia<br />
cac van de ve tieu chuan va cdng nghe...<br />
WTO. Sau khi dugc sy nhat tri cua 148<br />
thanh vien, dac biet sau vdng dam phan giua Hien nay, Arap Xeut la qudc gia xuat<br />
My vdi Arap Xeut vao dau thang 9/2005, khau Idn thii 13 tren the gidi, nhap khau<br />
Arap Xeut da chinh thiic trd thanh thanh diing thii 23 tren the gidi (tinh theo gia tri<br />
vien thii 149 eiia td chiic thuang mai toan cau hang boa), Khi gia nhap WTO, Arap Xeut<br />
WTO ke tu ngay 11/09/2005. Day la thdi da phan loai hang hda thanh 7.177 mat<br />
khac hch sii ddi vdi qudc gia dau md giau ed hang. Tai thdi diem Arap Xeut nop don gia<br />
nay va la thang lgi quan trgng sau hon mdt nhap GATT nam 1993, 15% trong cac mat<br />
thap ky nd lye dam phan gia nhap san chgi hang nay bi danh thue 12%. Vao nam<br />
thuong mai toan cau. Su kien nay cung md ra 2004, 85% trong cae mat hang ndi tren da<br />
ca hdi cho mdt nen kinh te dugc bao hd lau bi danh thue, Trong nhiing nam dam phan,<br />
ddi, song cung rat phat trien hdi nhap vdi the Arap Xeut da thiet lap 9 co quan dieu tiet<br />
va ban hanh 42 luat lien quan den thuang<br />
gidi ben ngoai eiia Arap Xeut, mdt dieu ma<br />
mai, day la mdt phan dam bao cac nguyen<br />
khdng phai ai trong the gidi nhiing ngudi<br />
tac cam ket trong WT04.<br />
Hdi giao cd the de dang chap nhan.<br />
Tong giam ddc WTO, dng Pascal Lamy Cac chinh sach phat trien eiia Arap Xeut<br />
cho biet: "Tdi thue sy tin rang, day la mdt khi trd thanh thanh vien eiia WTO da dat tin<br />
thdng tin tdt lanh eho Arap Xeut va nhiing hieu eho mdi tuong quan khang kbit giua<br />
ddi tac thuong mai ciia nude nay. Ddng thdi nganh cdng nghiep dau md, phi dau md va<br />
nd cung dem lai lgi ich cho chinh WTO"^. eac nganh kinh te ciia ehinh phii. Nd da tao<br />
Phia Arap Xeut cho biet, WTO se dem lai ra sy da dang hoa va tu nhan boa trong nen<br />
cho qudc gia hdi giao nay ca hgi gia nhap kinh te Arap Xeut. Cae nganh edng nghiep<br />
vao mdt san choi chung toan cau. Vao WTO, dya vao tai nguyen nhu: san xuat may mdc,<br />
Arap Xeut eung cho biet hg se dau tranh "bet khai thac va che bien khoang san, dau liia se<br />
minh" cho lgi ich ciia cae nude ngheo. Arap phai thuang lugng ve cac quyen lgi chung<br />
Xeut cam ket se thyc hien mdt loat nhung giua cac nude thanh vien trong WTO, giiip<br />
cam ket ve md ciia thi trudng va thiic day Arap Xeut khdng phai chiu nhiing thiet thdi<br />
hgi nhap vao nen kinh te the gidi vdi mdt khi tham gia san choi thuong mai toan eau.<br />
mdi trudng kinh doanh va dau tu minh bach La thanh vien trong WTO se giiip Arap<br />
theo diing cam ket cua WTO. Gia nhap Xeut ed nhung quan diem rd rang hon ve<br />
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Tap chi nghien cim aiAu PHI & TRUNG D6NG S6 09 (61) thing 09/2010 19<br />
Tru'dng Tuan Anh Quan he giO'a Arap Xeut...<br />
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qua trinh cai each kinh te, luat phap va each Theo thdng le, mdt dat nude mudn gia<br />
thiic quan ly trong qua trinh cai each nen nhap WTO trude het phai eung cap eac ban<br />
kinh te vT md eua minh, Mgi cam ket va hiep chao ve md ciia thi trudng cho nhung ddi tae<br />
udc ciia WTO deu cd anh budng den nen thuang mai va nhung ehinh phii cd yeu cau<br />
kinh te eiia Arap Xeut, Diing ban nd la dam phan, trong dd bao gom nhung cam ket<br />
nhung tac ddng tieh luy cua hang tram sy ve eat giam thue quan, sd huu tri tue.,,<br />
thay doi, can thiet eho hdi nhap va phat trien Nhung cam ket song phuong vdi tiing thanh<br />
kinh te ciia ciia qudc gia Hdi giao nay. Mdt vien se dugc ap dung rgng rai eho tat ea cac<br />
sd tac ddng tieh eye eho nen kinh te Arap nude thanh vien trong WTO. LTng eii vien<br />
Xeut khi gia nhap WTO nhu: Tat ea ngudi eung phai the hien nhung cam ket dd trong<br />
tieu diing trong nude se dugc hudng tu sy luat phap nude minh va cam ket he thdng<br />
cam ket eac san pham tdt nhat tren the gidi luat phap thuong mai eua minh phai phii hop<br />
tai miic gia canh tranh, dich vu tdt hon cho vdi cae nguyen tac eiia WTO, Day dugc xem<br />
khach hang; Cac ITnh vyc kinh te tu nhan se nhu budc cudi ciing de trd thanh thanh vien<br />
dugc canh tranh lanh manh va sy phan bo chinh thiic ciia WTO. Hau bet eac thanh vien<br />
deu mudn keu ggi mdt miic thue thap va<br />
ngudn lye ed hieu qua trong mdi trudng toan<br />
khoan trg cap Idn ve hang hoa va dich vu.<br />
eau; Luat phap qudc gia se minh bach hoa<br />
Mdt khuynh hudng khac la bao ve quyen sd<br />
hon, phii hgp hon trong.sy phat trien hien<br />
huu tri tue va dam bao mpt nghi quyet minh<br />
dai; Mdi trudng dau tu se tdt hon tao thuan<br />
bach eho nhirng cudc tranh eai ve luat<br />
lgi eho thu hiit dau tu trye tiep nude ngoai,<br />
thuang mai, Tii khi ra nhap WTO, Arap<br />
Cac mat hang xuat khau cua Arap Xeut se<br />
Xeut da ed nhieu cam ket trong cae chinh<br />
duge md rdng ra thi trudng qudc te va minh<br />
sach thuong mai va dau tu, Dieu nay se ciing<br />
bach hoa cac dieu khoan canh tranh ddi vdi<br />
cd ldng tin cho cac nha dau tu nude ngoai<br />
cac ddi thii nude ngoai; Chinh quyen Arap ddi vdi Arap Xeut va se tao ra mdt mdi<br />
Xeut se cd tieng ndi hon trong san chai trudng phap ly canh tranh cho eac nha san<br />
thuang mai toan cau, se duge gdp y va dua xuat cua Arap Xeut, dac biet trong viec giai<br />
ra nhung y kien cd lgi eho sy phat trien ciia quyet cac trudng hgp ban pha gia cac mat<br />
qudc gia minh; Arap Xeut se thiie day lgi the hang dau md giua Arap Xeut vdi eac nude<br />
canh tranh trong cae nganh edng nghiep ed san xuat dau md khac tren the gidi. Nhiing<br />
lgi the nhu dau md, nguyen lieu chat cam ket chinh giQ-a Arap Xeut va WTO chii<br />
deo,..dieu nay se kich thich qua trinh eai yeu la cam ket ve gia ea, ban ngach hang hoa<br />
each kinh te - xa hdi cua qudc gia Hoi giao (ehu yeu trong dau md), ve sinh an toan thyc<br />
nay; trd thanh thanh vien trong WTO se giiip pham, ban quyen tac gia, sy trg cap va bao<br />
Arap Xeut dat dugc myc tieu da dang hoa hd mgt sd nganh edng nghiep ea ban va cac<br />
nen kinh te, tranh phu thudc nhieu vao ITnh nganh dau tu trong nude, Trong khudn kho<br />
vyc dau md, tao them edng an viec lam va bai Viet nay, tdi xin trieh sau day mpt so cam<br />
khuyen khich dau tu nude ngoai^ ket va tae ddng ca ban trong mdt so nganh<br />
kinh te ciia Arap Xeut khi gia nhap WTO.<br />
2. Mot so cam ket chu yeu giO'a<br />
Arap Xeut vdi WTO a) Trong ngdnh cong nghiep hoa ddu<br />
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20 Tap chi nghien cim CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG so 09 (61) thang 09/2010<br />
Quan he giQ-a Arap Xeut.. Tru'dng Tuan Anh<br />
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Viec gia nhap WTO eiia Arap Xeut se thanh vien ciia WTO ke tu- cudi nam 2008.<br />
nang cao hon nura lgi the canh tranh trong Quy dinh nay gay khd khan eho cae nha san<br />
nganh dau khi va tang cudng vi the qudc gia xuat ciia nude nhap khau vdi miic chi phi<br />
tren trudng quoc te. Nganh hoa dau eiia Arap cao de dap iing dugc miic gia thap hon tu<br />
Xeut se ed lgi ich Idn tii san choi toan eau, di viec giam thue. Cae edng ty nhap khau phai<br />
theo nd la sy md rdng ITnh vyc dich vu nhu giam san lugng khai thac de tranh bu Id tir<br />
tai chinh, bao hiem, giao thdng,., Tuy nhien, viee giam gia, Dieu nay lam tang kha nang<br />
tac dpng day dii ma nganh dau khi mang lai canh tranh va md rgng quy md xuat khau tu<br />
khi mdi tham gia vao WTO se ehua nhan nganh dau khi eiia Arap Xeut.<br />
thay ngay dugc.<br />
Giam thue se mang lgi ich eho Arap Xeut<br />
Trong cam ket eua Arap Xeut vdi WTO, thdng qua anh hudng trye tiep tii gia hay anh<br />
qudc gia nay se tang gia khi gas, dugc sii hudng gian tiep tii thu nhap, Neu vdi miic<br />
dung nhu la nguyen lieu de san xuat chat hda gia thap thi chi phi vat lieu dau vao se thap<br />
dau. Dieu nay tao ra lgi the cho Arap Xeut hay neu thu nhap tang thi nhu cau cung se<br />
ve gia ea cac nguyen lieu dau vao trong san tang theo. Vi the, Arap Xeut phai giam thue<br />
xuat dau khi. Bdi qudc gia nay la mdt trong quan va md ciia thi trudng nhap khau dau<br />
nhung nude ed tru lugng khi gas thien nhien md tii nude ban. Theo dy doan cua cac<br />
Idn nhat the gidi, chi sau Nga va Iran. Them chuyen gia, viec giam thue se lam gia tang<br />
vao dd, Arap Xeut da cam ket Hiep udc can kha nang canh tranh giiia cac nude san<br />
ddi miic thue chung cho hoa chat, dieu nay xuat dau md vdi nhau bdi vi cac qudc gia<br />
se lam giam miic thue cho cac san pham hoa nay se tim each bao ve thi trudng ndi dia<br />
chat tren the gidi, bao gdm ea nhiing mat trude sy xam nhap qua Idn eiia eac ddi thu<br />
hang xuat khau tu dau md ciia Arap Xeut d nude ngoai. Nd se tao ra mdt miic gia phan<br />
miic thue la 6,5%. Day la dieu rat thuan lgi nhanh, dan tdi giam miic lai rdng tdi eac<br />
cho nganh dau khi Arap Xeut, Mat khac, nha san xuat dia phuang, Dieu nay mang<br />
viec bai bd cac hang rao thuong mai theo lai lgi the canh tranh Idn eho cac nha san<br />
cam ket vdi WTO da tao eho nganh edng xuat dau md Arap Xeut, hp se dap iing<br />
nghiep dau khi Arap Xeut mgt miic gia thap duge lgi the canh tranh va giu dugc thi<br />
hon tdi thi trudng bao hd thue quan nhu la phan ndi dia trong nude.<br />
thi trudng EU, My va Nhat. Viec giam thue<br />
nhap khau cac san pham chat hoa tu cac thi Hiep udc ciia WTO cho phep cac nude<br />
trudng nay lam miic gia se giam di. Dieu nay dang phat trien han che nhap khau de bao hd<br />
se lam tang quy md xuat khau dau khi cua mpt sd nganh edng nghiep trong nude, Tuy<br />
Arap Xeut do qudc gia nay cd lgi the canh nhien, vdi miic cam ket giam thue nhap khau<br />
tranh ve gia. Vi du, miic thue danh vao san nhya tii 20% xudng edn 6,5% cd thdi gian<br />
pham Polime gdm (nhya deo Politen, nhya chuyen tiep den cudi nam 2008, Arap Xeut<br />
Cling Polixetiren, nhua PVC va nhya phai tang nhap khau tu cae nude san xuat cd<br />
poriplobilen) trong thi trudng EU, My dugc chi phi thap hon nhu Trung Qudc, An Dd^.,.<br />
giam gan mdt mia, tu 12,5% xuong cdn<br />
Theo nhu cam ket giua nganh dau khi<br />
6,5%. Miic thue nay ap dung trong cac nude<br />
Arap Xeut vdi WTO eho thay mdt thyc te<br />
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Tap chi nghien curu OlAu Pin & TRUNG DONG s6 09 (61) thang 09/2010 21<br />
Tru'dng Tuan Anh Quan hegiu^Ar$pXeut^<br />
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rang, ngoai giam thue nhap khau khi gas viec bao ve tai nguyen phim anh, ban quyen<br />
thien nhien den bet nam 2008, WTO da tac gia va phan mem may tinh, Thang<br />
khdng cd mgt su thoa hiep nao den gia ca 8/2003, Arap Xeut da ban hanh Luat ban<br />
dau vao nguyen lieu san xuat dau khi. Dieu quyen tac gia mdi va ed siia doi hoan chinh<br />
nay la nen tang cho lgi the canh tranh trong vao thang 1/2006. Luat ban quyen mdi da<br />
nganh dau khi ciia Arap Xeut. Mdt sd nha quy dinh rat nghiem khac miic tien phat va<br />
kinh te cung khang dinh rang, chi phi san muc phat tu ddi vdi ngudi vi pham ban<br />
xuat thap se tao thuan lgi cho cae nha dau tu quyen, ed y an cap ban quyen so vdi luat eu.<br />
dau md nude ngoai san sang do vdn vao Vi du, miic phat tii ddi vdi ngudi vi pham la<br />
qudc gia dau md nay va Arap Xeut se trd it nhat 6 nam, miic bdi thudng thiet hai vdi<br />
thanh trung tam san xuat va giao dich dau ngudi bi hai vdi miic tien tdi thieu la 250<br />
khi toan cau, la vi tri sd mgt trong con mat nghin Rial va se la gap ddi neu tai pham.<br />
cac nha dau tu dau khi nude ngoai trong Day cung la mdt phan cam ket trong Hiep<br />
tuong lai. udc TRIPS thudc WTO. Muc tieu ciia Luat<br />
b) Bdn quyen sa hieu tri tue ban quyen la tao eho Arap Xeut mdt sy tuan<br />
thii day dii trong cac cam ket vdi WTO va<br />
Thang 9/1993, Arap Xeut lan dau tien ky tao ra mdi trudng luat phap minh bach de<br />
ket Hiep udc Berne ve bao hd quyen tae gia. hap dan cae ddi tae thuong mai va eac nha<br />
Thang 3/2004, qudc gia Hdi giao nay da cam dau tu nude ngoai. Luat mdi da dua them<br />
ket ve bao hg quyen sang tac van chuang va quyen tae gia trong xuat ban pham bao tap<br />
nghp thuat cung vdi Hiep udc Paris ve quyen chi, bai thuyet trinh, ghi am, cac trinh dien<br />
sd huu cdng nghiep. Trong tien trinh dam nghe thuat va them mdt sd cac van de may<br />
phan ra nhap WTO, Arap Xeut da md rgng tinh. Dieu nay chua duge ban hanh d luat<br />
quyen sang che den cac edng ty tu nhan va ban quyen tac gia trude kia. Theo nhu cam<br />
cac hang tu bat ke qudc gia nao trong Td ket, cac cdng viec ve phim anh va am thanh,<br />
chiic quyen sd huu tri tue the gidi (WIPO). nghe thuat nhiep anh, cae cdng viec an danh<br />
Van de vi pham ban quyen tac gia la mgt se dugc bao ve it nhat 25 nam ke tu ngay<br />
trong nhung ban khoan cho cac ddi tae phat hanh dau tien ra cdng chiing. Cac cdng<br />
thuang mai cua Arap Xeut. Tir nam 2003 trd viec sang tao, tri tue eiia tac gia se dugc bao<br />
ve trude, nhieu bd, nganh, ngan hang, eac co ve tren 50 nam va cd the sudt cudc ddi tac<br />
quan nha nude va eac to chiic kinh doanh d gia. Mgt sd dac diem chinh trong luat mdi<br />
Arap Xeut da sii dung cac san pham phan nay la: •<br />
mem, phim anh, am thanh mdt each bat hgp<br />
phap. Mdt sd nha xuat ban ciia Arap Xeut da - Bao ve diit khoat hon cho cae phan<br />
tai san xuat sach, phim va am nhac tir mem may tinh va du lieu may tinh.<br />
phuang Tay ma khdng quan tam den ban - Bao ve diit khoat ban eho cac cdng<br />
quyen tri tup tac gia. Trong tien trinh dam vipc ve am thanh, hinh anh va da ra hgn thdi<br />
phan ra nhap WTO, Arap Xeut da no lye giai gian bao ve Idn rat nhieu so vdi luat eu la 10<br />
quyet de giam eac hinh thiic sii dung bat hgp nam,<br />
phap nay. Arap Xeut da nhan thiic rd rang ve - Bao ve eac ban dich, cae ban copy.<br />
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,2-2'- Tgp chi nghien cim OlAu Pin & TRUNG DONG so 09 (61) thang 09/2010<br />
Quan he giu^ Arap Xeut. Tru'dng Tuan Anh<br />
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- Keo dai khoang thdi gian bao hd cho giam tu 4 trieu tan nam 1994 xudng 2 trieu<br />
tat ca cdng viec nghe thuat va van chuang tu tan nam 1998; 1,8 trieu tan nam 2001 va<br />
nam 1993^. nam 2006 ehi cdn 0,8 trieu tan. Arap Xeut da<br />
cam ket vdi WTO se giam cac khoan trg cap<br />
c) Trong linh vuc nong nghiep<br />
ndng nghiep xudng cdn 13,3% so vdi 36%<br />
Trong nguyen tac ciia WTO la ngan cam trude khi la thanh vien chinh thiic WTO.<br />
hd trg gia cho cae mat hang ndng nghiep<br />
d) Trong ITnh vuc thucmg mai<br />
xuat khau bdi nd se lam bdp meo thuong mai<br />
qudc te. Sy dieu chinh nay cung khdng cd Theo nhu cam ket WTO, Arap Xeut ed<br />
nghia tat ca hinh thiic hd trg ndng nghiep 870 san pham cdng ndng nghiep bi danh<br />
deu bi buy bd. Mdt sd hinh thiic hd trg ndng thue 12%. Trong Id trinh den nam 2010, cd<br />
nghiep gian tiep ciia Arap Xeut da dugc chap 430 tren 870 mat hang dd se giam thue chi<br />
nhan va dugc su dyng de tao lgi the cho mdt edn 6% va ehii yeu la cac san pham ndng<br />
vai san pham ndng nghiep ciia hg. Dd la van nghiep. Trude thdi ky ra nhap WTO, mdt sd<br />
de lien quan tdi cae khoan trg cap ndng hang boa nhap khau vao Arap Xeut bi danh<br />
nghiep trong khoan muc "hop xanh". Day la thue manh chu yeu la cae san pham ndng<br />
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nhu: xay dyng dap nude, eac du an ve tudi gia eho cac san pham trong nude. Mdt sd<br />
tieu, dudng xa ndng nghiep, xay dyng cac nganh san pham dugc chinh phii bao hg nhu<br />
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san pham ndng nghiep ciia Arap Xeut theo Idn vdi cae nganh dugc xem nhu khdng ed<br />
dieu 8 Luat WTO la 1.320 san pham d miic lgi the nay ciia Arap Xeut.<br />
gia thue tran la 15% so vdi miic 7% vdi Arap Xeut da cam ket mdt loat cac hiep<br />
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thay can thiet de chdng ban pha gia san kinh te the gidi. Viec tham gia vao WTO da<br />
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thue tran cao ban cho viec bao ve de chdng qudc gia nay van ban che quyen xuat nhap<br />
lai cac san pham nhap khau ddng loai khac. khau mdt sd hang hoa va dich vy cu the vdi<br />
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my, thit gia cam, triing, sua tuoi tiet triing, quyen lgi an ninh qudc gia. Gia nhap WTO,<br />
rau qua w...Tuy nhien qudc gia nay da giam Arap Xeut da dua ra mdt sd bien doi Idn<br />
dan trg cap ndng nghiep khi gia nhap vao trong xuat nhap khau, phan phdi va dich vu<br />
WTO, vi du cac khoan trg cap ve liia my da van tai. Arap Xeut da cam ket de sap xep lai<br />
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Tap chi nghien cim aiAu PHI & TRUNG DONG so 09 (61) thang 09/2010 23<br />
Tru'dng Tuan Anh Quan he gida Arap Xeut^<br />
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CO eau to chiic hgp phap de dieu chinh lai cam ket dich vu chinh nhu la: 1) nganh dich<br />
che do thuong mai cua minh, Dieu dd ed vu vien thdng; 2) dich vu du Uch ; 3) dich vu<br />
nghTa la mdt cdng ty nude ngoai ed the nhap ngan hang; 4) dich vu bao hiem; 5) dich vy<br />
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con mat eac nha dau tu nude ngoai.<br />
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loai, sd lupng va dam bao chat lugng nhu do hoa tuong ddi sdm, trude thdi ky dam<br />
trong hgp ddng da de ra va ca quan dai dien<br />
phan gia nhap WTO eiia Arap Xeut. Thi<br />
ciia Arap Xeut phai hoan toan ehiu traeh<br />
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nhiem eung nhu phi ton dugc cam ket trong<br />
cho cac dai dien ngan hang trong khdi GCC<br />
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tu cudi nam 1990. Dao luat thi trudng vdn ra<br />
cdng ty nhap khau uy thac mdt khoan phi<br />
ddi thang 7/2003 da ban banh luat ty do hoa<br />
nhap khau liy thac. Hinh thiie nhap khau nay<br />
trong dau tu ngan hang, mdi gidi va eac van<br />
dugc ap dyng eho nhirng nha nhap khau<br />
de lien quan tdi kinh doanh ngan hang. Tuy<br />
khdng hieu biet nhieu ve thi trudng Arap<br />
nhien tu cudi nam 2004, qudc gia nay mdi<br />
Xeut. Day la sy tien bd trong ehinh sach<br />
cap giay phep cho cac dai dien ngan hang<br />
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muc cung cap san pham vao qudc gia Hdi phan dia phuong hay sat nhap nhu la cac chi<br />
giao nay, Md rpng kinh doanh dich vu da tao nhanh eua ngan hang qudc te, Cae ngan hang<br />
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can trong con mat eiia cae nha dau tu. Arap chi nhanh ngan hang nude ngoai se nim giu<br />
Xeut da cam ket trong 12 ITnh vuc dich vu 40% von dieu le. Diem hgp ly trong viec lien<br />
ehinh va 155 ITnh vuc dich vu nhd. Mdt sd doanh eo phan trong eac ngan hang thuong<br />
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24 Tgp chi nghien cim CHAU PHI & IWUNG D 6 N G SO 09 (61) thang 09/2010<br />
Quan he giO^a Arap Xeut. Tru'dng Tuan Anh<br />
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mai se lam gia tang cac dai dien thuang mai Phi va cd nhieu tiem nang de kinh doanh (5<br />
d qudc gia Hoi giao nay. Trong nam 2004, nam lien tiep viia qua ludn xep hang diing<br />
sd dai dien Ngan hang thuong mai nude dau ve mdi trudng kinh doanh tdt nhat tai<br />
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hang thudc khoi GCC, eon so nay len tdi 180 (nam 2009 chiem 90,1%) dan sd), giao thdng<br />
dai dien ngan hang vao nam 2006. Dieu nay van tai tot. Dan so tre (nam 2009) vdi 32,4%<br />
se lam gia tang hoat ddng tin dung va tao ra dan sd dudi do tuoi 15. Miic chi tieu tang<br />
sy sdi ddng trong thi trudng chiing cua Arap nhanh (tang 46''/o trong giai doan 2004 -<br />
Xeut, vdn la qudc gia cd thi trudng chiing 2009), nhat la trong nganh giao due ( 61%),<br />
khoan Idn nhat khu vyc Trung Ddng nay. thdng tin (50,8%)^<br />
Tom lgi, Arap Xeut cd nen kinh te dya Nam' 2009, de thiic day tang trudng kinh<br />
vao dau md. Trii lugng khoang 260 ti thung te, ehinh phii da thdng qua gdi kich eau 122<br />
(25 % trii lupng ciia the gidi). La nude cd ty USD, tap trung vao dau tu ea sd ha tang,<br />
kha nang dieu chinh miic eung cap cap dau giao due va y te. Nam 2010, Chinh phii tiep<br />
Ilia tren the gidi, tuy thudc vao nhu eau ciia tue ehinh sach phat trien va da dang hda,<br />
thi trudng do kha nang khai thac dat 12.5 thdng qua ngan sach 144 ty USD (tang 14%<br />
trieu thung/ngay (2009) trong khi miic khai so vdi nam 2008) trong dd 36 ty USD danh<br />
thac hien nay (dau nam 2010) hon 8 trieu cho giao due, dao tao, 16 ty USD eho y te,<br />
thiing/ngay. Nganh edng nghiep dau md xa hdi, 12,2 ty USD cho nude, edng nghiep<br />
chiem 45% thu nhap ngan sach, 45% GDP va ndng nghiep, 6 ty USD cho giao thdng,<br />
va 90% xuat khau^. Hien nay Chinh phii ed thdng tin.<br />
chien luge phat trien da dang hda, sii dung<br />
ngudn thu tu dau de hien dai hda dat nude, Arap Xeut dang phat huy vai trd va anh<br />
vdi ke hoach trong nhung nam tdi diing hang hudng d khu vyc, la nhan td quan trgng<br />
top 10 nhung nen kinh te phat trien, trong viec dn dinh tinh hinh khu vyc, ed<br />
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Arap Xeut hien la thanh vien ciia nhdm khu vyc, giua cac nude Arap, thiie day tien<br />
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tac cac nude vung Vinh GCC (ve qui md nghiep cua nhan dan Palestine (khuyen khich<br />
kinh te chiem 44% trong GCC) va To chiic hda giai ngi bg Palestine, iing hd viec thanh<br />
cac nude xuat khau dau lua (OPEC), Quy lap mdt nha nude Palestine dpe lap, tiep tuc<br />
tien te qudc te (IMF). ling hp tai ehinh va vat chat cho nhan dan<br />
Thach thiic Idn nhat ve kinh te doi vdi Palestine - vua qua da ddng gdp 1 ty USD<br />
Arap Xeut la van de nude va an ninh luong eho viec xay dyng lai Dai Gaza), lo ngai anh<br />
thuc. Arap Xeut dang trien khai nhieu dy an hudng eiia Iran trong khu vyc (nhat la van de<br />
ve xii ly nude (Igc nude bien) va Quoc Iran phat trien vu khi hat nhan), tuy nhien<br />
vuong de ra ke hoach dau tu ra nude ngoai phan ddi mgi bien phap quan su ddi vdi Iran,<br />
tren ITnh vyc ndng nghiep de dam bao an phat huy vai trd la mdt trong nhung nude san<br />
ninh luong thyc. Arap Xeut la thi trudng tieu xuat dau md Idn nhat the gidi, binh on gia<br />
thu Idn trong khu vyc Trung Ddng va chau dau tren the gidi.<br />
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Tgp chi nghien cim aiAu P m & TRUNG D6NG SO 09 (61) thang 09/2010 2S<br />
Trygng Tuan Anh g^^/? he giu^a Arap Xeut.._<br />
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Arap Xeut hien nay van tiep tue duy tri cudng quan he vdi eac nude Ddng A (Nhat<br />
quan he lien minh vdi My, thiic day quan he ban, Han quoc, Trung Quoc, An Do va mdt<br />
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trien khai chinh sach hudng Ddng, tang cac nude khu vyc chau Phi.<br />
Chd thich:<br />
' Arabian Business (2010), Saudi Arabia's real GDP to reach 4% this year, link:<br />
http://www.arabianbusiness.com/591453-saudi-arabias-real-gdp-to-reach-4-this-year—samba<br />
^ WTO (2010), What is the World Trade Organization, link:<br />
http://www. wto. org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/factl_e. htm<br />
^ World Bank, Saudi Arabia into WTO, http://www.worldbank.org<br />
^ Ph.D John Sfakianakis, "Saudi Arabia and the WTO", Produced by the Office of the ChiefEconomist,<br />
Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia, 2006.<br />
^ BBC (2010), Overview of Saudi Arabia, link<br />
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_proflles/791926.stm<br />
^ Viet Linh (2005), "WB: Cac nude ngheo da bi doi xu khong cong bang", link:<br />
http://vnexpress.net/GL/Kinh-doanh/Duong-vao-WTO/2005/12/3B9E51C4/<br />
' Ph.D John Sfakianakis, "Saudi Arabia and the WTO", .,. nhu trich ddn d tren. , ..<br />
* Dai sii quan Viet Nam tai Arap Xeut (2010), Tdi lieu ca bdn vi Arap Xeut vd quan he vdi Viet Nam,<br />
link: http://www.vietnamembassy-arabsaudi.org/vi/nr070521165843/nrO70724011651/nsl00421163645<br />
9<br />
Dai sii quan Viet Nam tai Arap Xeut (2010), Tdi lieu co bdn vi Arap Xeut vd quan hi vai Viet Nam,<br />
link: http://www.vietnamembassy-arabsaudi.org/vi/nr070521165843/nr070724011651/ml00421163645<br />
<br />
Tai lieu tham khao<br />
1. Arabian Business (2010), Saudi Arabia's real GDP to reach 4% this year, link:<br />
http -.//wwv/. arabianbusiness .com/5 91453 -saudi-arabias-real-gdp-to-reach-4-this-year—samba<br />
2. BBC (2010), Overview of Saudi Arabia, link;<br />
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/791936.stm ,^;.<br />
3. Bo Ngoai giao Viet Nam (2007), Thin vgng thuang mgi todn cdu ndm 2007, link:<br />
http ://www.mofa.gov.vn/mofa/nr040807104143/nr040807105039/ns070713145305#w90goCNH3mp5<br />
4. Dai sii quan Viet Nam tai Arap Xeut (2010), Tdi lieu co bdn vi Arap Xeut vd quan he vdi Viet Nam,<br />
link: http://www.vietnamembassy-arabsaudi.org/vi/nr070521165843/nr070724011651/ns 100421163645<br />
5. Ph.D John Sfakianakis (2006), "Saudi Arabia and the WTO", Produced by the Office of the Chief<br />
Economist, Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia, 2006.<br />
6. Viet Linh (2005), "WB: Cac nude ngheo da bi doi xu khong cong bang", link:<br />
http://vnexpress.net/GL/Kinh-doanh/Duong-vao-WTO/2005/12/3B9E51C4/<br />
7. Wodd Bank, &W(* ^raZ)za/«ro PPTt), http://www.worldbank.org '':'-; u,:, ,<br />
8. WTO (2010), What is the World :•' Trade<br />
OA-g