REMMBERING KANJI - PART 6

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Nội dung Text: REMMBERING KANJI - PART 6

262 Remembering the Kanji not confuse with heavens (frame 428). [4] £¤¥¦ aid 839 0 Fingers . . . husband. [7] mountain stream 840 • Water . . . vulture . . . husband. [11] standard 841 y Husband . . . see. [11] exchange 842 É Two husbands . . . day. [12] approve 843 h Two husbands . . . shells. [15] submerge 844 õ Water . . . exchange.[15] lose 845 Ï ”To lose” here takes the sense of “misplace,” not the sense of defeat, whose kanji we learned in frame 63. It pictures a hus- band with something falling from his side as he is walking along, something he loses. [5]
lesson 25 263 §¨ * As a primitive, this character can also mean to drop. iron 846 ÷ Metal . . . to drop. [13] alternate 847 ö To drop . . . road. [8] retainer 848 S This kanji is actually a pictograph for an eye, distorted to make it appear that the pupil is protruding towards the right. This may not be an easy form to remember, but try this: Draw it once rather large, and notice how moving the two vertical lines on the right as far right as possible gives you the pictograph of the eye in its natural form. The “pop-eye” image belongs to an Emperor’s retainer standing in awe before his ruler. [7] ©ª«¬−°± * As a primitive, the meaning of the key word becomes slave. princess 849 Ü Woman . . . slave. [10] storehouse 850 ‰ Flowers . . . parade . . . slaves. [15] ûüý
264 Remembering the Kanji entrails 851 ˆ Part of the body . . . storehouse. [19] þÿ intelligent 852 Ú Slave . . . crotch . . . shell³sh. [16] strict 853 Ç Slave . . . crotch . . . soil. [12] look to 854 r Slave . . . reclining . . . goods. The key word suggests both look- ing ahead to something and “seeing to” what is at hand. Con- sistent with everything we have learned about the role of the key word, this means that you must choose one meaning and stick to it. [18] perusal 855 1 Slaves . . . reclining . . . µoor . . . see. [17] gigantic 856 Ë This kanji depicts a gigantic “pop-eye,” which accounts for its shape. Be sure not to confuse it with the slave (retainer) we just learned.[5] !#$%&
lesson 25 265 repel 857 Ì Fingers . . . gigantic. [8] power 858 j With a little imagination, one can see a muscle in this simple, two-stroke character meaning power. [2] ²³ * As a primitive, either muscle or power can be used. male 859 C Rice ³elds . . . power. [7] labor 860 ± Schoolhouse . . . power. [7] recruit 861 ¥ Graveyard . . . power. [12] inferiority 862 — Few . . . muscles. [6] achievement 863 O Craft . . . power. [5]
266 Remembering the Kanji persuade 864 ð Pegasus . . . power. [13] toil 865 Guy . . . muscle. [7] encourage 866 „ Cliff . . . ten thousand . . . power. [7] add 867 ; Muscles . . . mouth. This is the only case in which the primitive for muscle appears on the left; note should be taken of the fact in composing one’s story. [5] congratulations 868 g Add . . . shells. [12] erect 869 G Add . . . trees. Hint: if you ever played with an “Erector Set” or “Tinker Toys” as a child, don’t pass up the opportunity to relate it to this kanji’s key word and the element for trees. [9] armpit 870 Í Part of the body . . . muscles (three of which give us “triceps” or “muscles on top of muscles”). You will want to keep the kanji distinct from the one that follows by paying attention to the positioning of the elements. [10]
lesson 25 267 threaten 871 õ Triceps . . . meat. [10] co- 872 á This pre³x should be kept distinct from inter- (frame 209) and mutual (frame 757). Its elements: needle . . . triceps. [8] going 873 ‘ By joining the top four strokes, you should get a picture of the front current of a river, the stream trailing behind. Hence the character for going. [6] ´µ·¸¹º * As a primitive, this character has two forms. Reduced to the left side only, ‹ it can mean a column going, or a line of some- thing or other. When the middle is opened up to make room for other elements, it means a boulevard. rhythm 874 A This character depicts a calligrapher’s brush and its rhythmic sway as it µows down a column writing kanji on the way. [9] restore 875 P Going . . . double back. [12] gain 876 “ Column . . . nightbreak . . . glue. [11]
268 Remembering the Kanji accompany 877 Z Column . . . animal horns . . . mending. [10] junior 878 6 Line . . . run. [10] wait 879 Å Line . . . Buddhist temple. [9] journey 880 ð Column . . . candlestick. This character has the special sense of journeying to someplace or other. [8] subjugate 881 ¦ Column . . . correct. [8] diameter 882 ‡ Line . . . spool. [8] he 883 ª Going . . . pelt. This kanji refers to the third person singular per- sonal pronoun, generally in its masculine form. [8] duty 884 ¤ Going . . . missile. [7]
lesson 25 269 benevolence 885 ” Going . . . needle . . . eye . . . heart. See the note in frame 827. [14] penetrate 886 ó Line . . . bring up . . . taskmaster. [15] indications 887 ‚ Line . . . mountain . . . king . . . taskmaster. [14] »¼½¾ penal 888 ƒ Indications . . . heart. [18] delicate 889 Æ Line . . . mountain . . . ceiling . . . human legs . . . taskmaster. [13] boulevard 890 š This is the character from which the sense of boulevard men- tioned in frame 873 derives. Its elements: boulevard . . ivy. [12] equilibrium 891 ’ Boulevard . . . bound up . . . brains . . . St. Bernard dog. [16] ¿ÀÁÂÃ
Lesson 26 We return once again to the world of plants and growing things, not yet to complete our collection of those primitives, but to focus on three elements that are among the most commonly found throughout the kanji. Now and again, you will no doubt have observed, cross-reference is made to other kanji with similar key words. This can help avoid confusion if you check your earlier story and the connotation of its respective key word before proceeding with the kanji at hand. While it is impossible to know in advance which key words will cause confusion for which readers, I will continue to point out some of the likely problem cases. * wheat M This primitive element will be made to stand for wheat. It con- notes a special grain, more expensive than ordinary rice and so reserved for special occasions. Alternatively, it can mean cereal. Its form is like that for tree, except for the dot at the top to rep- resent a spike of wheat blowing in the wind. [5] ÄÅÆÇÈ draft 892 { The key word connotes the preliminary composition of a plan or manuscript. Its elements: wheat . . . tall. [15] earnings 893 N Wheat . . . house. [15] extent 894 Ý Wheat . . . display . Do not confuse with extremity (frame 217) or boundary (frame 484). [12]
lesson 26 271 tax 895 Ä Wheat . . . devil. [12] immature 896 M Wheat . . . turkey. [13] harmony 897 É Wheat . . . mouth. [8] shift 898 c Wheat . . . many. [11] second 899 î The reference here is to a second of time. The elements: wheat . . . few. [9] autumn 900 E Wheat . . . ³re. [9] distress 901 A Autumn . . . heart. [13] private 902 • Wheat . . . elbow. Like the characters for I (frame 17) and ego (frame 640), this kanji is also representative of the subject, with the special connotation of privacy. [7]
272 Remembering the Kanji regularity 903 Y Wheat . . . drop. [10] secret 904 ¸ Cereal . . . invariably. [10] appellation 905 × Wheat . . . reclining . . . little. [10] pro³t 906 2 Wheat . . . saber. Be careful not to confuse with gain (frame 876) or earnings (frame 893). [7] pear tree 907 6 Pro³t . . . tree. [11] harvest 908 µ Wheat . . . µowers . . . vessels. Compare frames 700 and 701 for the right side. [18] ear of a plant 909 ¤ Wheat . . . favor. [15] rice plant 910 w Wheat . . . vulture . . . olden times. [14]
lesson 26 273 incense 911 ¡ Wheat . . . sun. [9] seasons 912 u Wheat . . . child. [8] committee 913 W Wheat . . . woman. [8] excel 914 Wheat . . . ³st. [7] transparent 915 t Excel . . . road-way. [10] entice 916 É Words . . . excel. Compare beckon (frame 650), to urge (frame 282), seduce (frame 86), and encourage (frame 866) when choosing your connotation. [14] cereals 917 ´ Samurai . . . crown . . . wheat . . . missile. [14] germ 918 ? Flowers . . . pent in . . . wheat. [11]
274 Remembering the Kanji rice 919 y This kanji has a pictographic resemblance to a number of grains of rice lying on a plate in the shape of a star. [6] ÉÊËÌÍÎ * As a primitive, it keeps its meaning of rice, and is meant to connote a very ordinary, commonplace grain, in contrast to the primitive for wheat that we just learned. (This meaning accords well with Japan, where the output of rice far exceeds that of wheat.) It occasionally takes the shape j when it stands on its own, or is joined to a line above. In this case, we shall have it refer speci³cally to grains of rice. This primitive is not to be con- fused with the similar-looking primitive for water. While the stroke orders are nearly alike, grains of rice has 5 strokes, while water only has 4 because it joins the second and third strokes into one. Finally, we may note that by itself the kanji for rice is an abbreviation used for the United States, which can then also serve as an alternate reading for the main primitive form, if you so wish. µour 920 g Rice . . . part. [10] sticky 921 ë Rice . . . fortune-telling. [11] grains 922 M Rice . . . vase. [11]
lesson 26 275 cosmetics 923 Ú Rice . . . cave . . . soil. [12] astray 924 i Road . . . U.S.A. [9] chic 925 y Rice . . . game of cricket. (See frame 166.) [10] provisions 926 c Rice . . . quantity. [18] chrysanthemum 927 › Flower . . . bound up . . . rice. [11] core 928 ï A drop . . . pent in . . . rice . . . St. Bernard dog. Notice that the horizontal line of the bottom primitive doubles up as the ³nal stroke for pent in. [12] number 929 ‰ Rice . . . woman . . . taskmaster. [13] watchtower 930 · Tree . . . rice . . . woman. [13]
276 Remembering the Kanji sort 931 { Rice . . . St. Bernard dog . . . head. [18] lacquer 932 Ô Water . . . tree . . . umbrella . . . grains of rice. [14] Esq. 933 à The abbreviation Esq. will help associate this character with the honori³c form of address to which it belongs. Its elements are: tree . . .sheep . . . grains of rice. Note that the ³nal vertical stroke in the element for sheep is extended to form the ³rst stroke for grains of rice. [14] ÏÐÑ request 934 ¼ Let the drop in the upper right-hand corner of this character close the right angle off to make an arrowhead. Whenever we ³nd the needle with that drop in an element that has no other special meaning, we will take advantage of this primitive mean- ing. At the bottom, we see the grains of rice, the vertical line doubling up for the two elements. Do not confuse with petition (frame 135). [7] ball 935 À Ball . . . request. [11] salvation 936 º Request . . . taskmaster. [11]
lesson 26 277 bamboo 937 U Bamboo grows upwards, like a straight nail, and at each stage of its growth (which legend associates with the arrival of the new moon) there is a jointed rootstock (the ³rst stroke). Two such bamboo stalks are pictured here. [6] ÒÓÔÕÖ× * As a primitive, the meaning remains the same, but the verti- cal lines are severely abbreviated so that they can take their place at the top where, like µowers, they are always to be found. laugh 938 Ù Bamboo . . . heavens. [10] bamboo hat 939 Å Bamboo . . . vase. [11] bamboo grass 940 E Bamboo . . . generation. [11] muscle 941 : Bamboo . . . part of the body . . . power. Here we see how the primitive meaning of muscle was derived from the kanji for power. [12] box 942 a Bamboo . . . inter-. [15]
278 Remembering the Kanji writing brush 943 Ù Bamboo . . . brush. [12] cylinder 944 h Bamboo . . . monk. [12] etc. 945 f Bamboo . . . Buddhist temple. [12] calculate 946 d Bamboo . . . eyes . . . two hands. [14] solution 947 g Bamboo . . . ³t. [12] scheme 948 @ Bamboo . . . belted tree (see frame 417). [12] register 949 « Bamboo . . . water . . . acupuncturist. [19] fabricate 950 S Bamboo . . . craft . . . mediocre . . . wood/tree. [16]
Lesson 27 This lesson will take us beyond the halfway mark. From there on, it will all be downhill. The ³nal uphill push will involve what appears to be the simplest of primitive elements. It was withheld until now because of the dif³culty it would have caused earlier on. person 951 ^ While the character for enter (frame 779) showed someone walking inwards (in terms of the direction of writing), the one for person, shown here, represents someone walking outwards. [2] ØÙ * As a primitive, it can keep its kanji form except when it appears to the left (its normal position), where it is made to stand up in the form l. The primitive meaning is another matter. The abstract notion of person so often has a relation to the meaning of the kanji that confusion readily sets in. So many of the previous stories have included people in them that simply to use person for a primitive meaning would be risky. We need to be more speci³c, to focus on one particular person. Try to choose some- one who has not ³gured in the stories so far, perhaps a color- ful member of the family or a friend whom you have known for a long time. That individual will appear again and again, so be sure to choose someone who excites your imagination. assistant 952 Õ Person . . . left. [7] however 953 ñ Person . . . nightbreak. [7]
280 Remembering the Kanji dwell 954 W Person . . . candlestick. [7] rank 955 R Person . . . vase. [7] go-between 956 ` Person . . . in. [6] body 957 ¿ Person . . . book. [7] remote 958 ½ Person . . . walking stick . . . taskmaster . . . heart. [11] affair 959 ¾ Person . . . cow. [6] attend 960 n Person . . . samurai. The key word means to wait on someone or serve them. [5] other 961 ¬ Person . . . scorpion. [5]
lesson 27 281 prostrated 962 N Person . . . chihuahua. [6] transmit 963 ) Person . . . rising cloud. Hint: the Amerindians’ smoke signals can help provide a good image for this kanji, whose key word is meant to include transmissions of all sorts. [6] Buddha 964 [ Person . . . elbow. [4] rest 965 ³ Person . . . tree. Be sure not to confuse with relax (frame 190).[6] provisional 966 6 Person . . . anti-. [6] chief 967 L Person . . . white dove. [7] vulgar 968 š Person . . . valley. The key word should be taken in its older sense of “popular” or “commonplace.” [9]

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