Seed morphology and testa ultrastructure in Allium stipitatum complex (Amaryllidaceae; Allioideae) and their systematic significance

Characteristic features of seed and testa cells in 13 species of Allium, representing its five recognized sections, Compactoprason, Megaloprason, Procerallium, Decipientia and Pseudoprason were studied using both stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. The identified characters, such as seed shape, alignment and shape of testa cells, features of outer cell walls, verruca type, density of verrucae and granules, seed size as well as cell wall undulations were evaluated statistically. The our findings indicated the significance level of P ≤ 0.01 for examined characters using the Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA analyses.