Studies on haemato-biochemical profile of goats in Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradesh, India

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Haematological and biochemical variables of blood are generally used to monitor and evaluate health, nutritional and physiological status of ruminants. The present research was conducted to study haemato-biochemical profile of goats in Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Total 120 blood samples were collected from 120 goats.

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Nội dung Text: Studies on haemato-biochemical profile of goats in Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradesh, India

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 03 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.163 Studies on Haemato-biochemical Profile of Goats in Vindhyan Region of Uttar Pradesh, India Dinesh Kumar Yadav1, Satya Vrat Singh1, Jitendra Pratap Singh1, Ramakant1, Rakesh Kumar Gupta2*, Debasish Niyogi2 and SK. Maurya3 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, 2Department of Veterinary Pathology, 3Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, C.V.Sc & A.H, ANDUAT, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Haematological and biochemical variables of blood are generally used to monitor and Keywords evaluate health, nutritional and physiological status of ruminants. The present research was conducted to study haemato-biochemical profile of goats in Vindhyan region of Uttar Haematology, Biochemistry, Pradesh, India. Total 120 blood samples were collected from 120 goats. All Vindhyan zone, haematological parameters taken were within the normal range except haemoglobin, which Goats was lower side of the normal range of the males and was the less than the normal range in females. The range of haemoglobin observed was 8.01 to 8.3 in male and 6.35 to 6.85 in Article Info female animals. In females, the packed cell volume was least and significantly lower in Mirzapur district (25.66). The range of total leucocyte count varied from 18.03 to 18.07 in Accepted: male and 18.00 to 18.07 in females. The value of liver function test was within normal 12 February 2021 range. There were no significant changes in Liver function test enzymes (AST, ALT and Available Online: Alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin profile of goats in different districts of Vindhyan 10 March 2021 Zone.The value of kidney function test was within normal range. Only blood urea level is slightly higher in Sant Ravidas Nagar. Introduction suggesting a prognosis (Braun et al., 2010; Polizopoulou, 2010; Antunovic et al., 2019). Haematological tests are important tools for evaluation of physiological and health status Biochemical and haematological variables of of farm animals and almost indispensable in blood are generally used to monitor and organic farming, where permitted veterinary evaluate health, nutritional and physiological interventions are strictly regulated and limited status of ruminants (Al-Eissa et al., 2012). in scope. Haematological analyses in farm The evaluation of blood constituents has been animals have been extensively discussed as an widely used as a marker to determine the essential part of clinical examination often efficacy of feed nutrient content and pointing to a specific differential diagnosis or supplements (Belewu and Ogunsola, 2010) 1330
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 but also an index of transportation stress diseases and stress factors that might affect (Ambore et al., 2009). There is a correlation blood values (Alex and La Verne, 1983; between peripheral blood relation, circulating Swanson et al., 2004; Adegun et al., 2011). blood on tissues and organs, as well as The hematological and geochemical indices haematopoietic organs and other body are an index and reflection of the effects of systems (Dini et al., 2016). dietary treatment on the animals in terms of the type and amount of feed ingested and Serum bio-chemical and haematological were available for the animals to meet its references constitute important panels in the physiological geochemical and metabolically diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of necessities (Altman, 1979; Awodi et al., livestock diseases via the investigations of 2005; Adegun et al., 2011; Antunovic et al., myriads of parameters influencing blood and 2019). serum bio- chemical indices (Yokus et al., 2006). Materials and Methods The biochemical and haematological profiles Blood sample can also be used to assess the immunity status in goats. These profiles could be altered Based on the nature of research problem, Ex- during pregnancy (Waziri et al., 2010) and post facto research design was followed in the seasonal variations had also an effect on these present study. The Vindhyan zoneof Uttar profiles. Finally, nutrition, stress, Pradesh comprises the districts of Sant reproductive status, age, sex, genetics, Ravidas Nagar, Mirzapur and Sonebhadra. management, housing, and other From each selected district, two blocks were environmental factors (temperature, relative selected on the basis of highest goat humidity etc.) are known to have a profound population. From each block two villages effect on the haematological and biochemical were selected. Total 120 blood samples were profiles of small ruminants (Olayemi et al., collected from 120 goats. Total 8-10 ml blood 2009). was collected from the jugular vein of all the animals in clean, dry and sterilized tubes. Out Haemoglobin and packed cell volume are of which 5 to 6 ml of blood was subjected for good indicators of thermal tolerance harvesting of serum, which was stored at - (McManus et al., 2009). Enzymes like AST 200C and subsequently used for biochemical and ALT are involved in amino acid studies. For assessing the biochemical metabolism and hence protein turnover. ALP parameters, SPAN Diagnostic kits was used. is involved in energy metabolism and is an About 2 to 3 ml blood was stored in a glass indicator of alkalosis and stress. Metabolic vial containing Ethylene Diamine Tetra regulators are important in elucidating a Acetate (EDTA) @ 1 mg/ml of blood and picture of modulation in physiological used for haematological studies. mechanisms during stressed conditions and are best assessed by determining the enzymes Examination of blood samples governing various metabolic reactions in plasma or serum. Estimation of hemoglobin concentration Blood composition of animal might be Haemoglobin was determined by Sahli’s influenced by certain factors such as nutrition, haemoglobin meter. Total Erythrocyte Count: management, and great of animals, sex, age (TEC): An improved Neubaur’s chamber was 1331
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 used for counting RBC by Baker et al., SGOT/AST: The method used for analysis is (1982). Total Leukocyte Count an UV-Kinetic method, based on the rate of (TLC):Neubaur’s haemocytometer for NADH oxidation in a coupled malic counting leucocytes was used as per Baker et dehydrogenase reaction The TC Matrix al., (1982). Differential Leucocytes Count System automatically proportions the (DLC): Thin smear of blood were prepared appropriate sample and reagent volumes into and stained with Leishman’s stain. the cuvette. The system monitors the change Neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and in absorbance at 340 nanometers. This change basophils, lymphocytes, were differentiated in absorbance is directly proportional to the and expressed in percent. Haematocrit or activity of aspartate aminotransferase in the Packed Cell Volume: The analysis was done sample and is used by the TC Matrix System according to England et al., (1972). to calculate and express aspartate aminotransferase activity. Biochemical parameters ALT /SGPT: The method used here is a Liver function test modification of the classical Reitman-Frankel colorimetric endpoint reaction. In this Total protein: Peptide bonds of protein react procedure ALT (SGPT) catalyzes L-alanine with cupric ions in alkaline solution to form and a-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and colored chelate, the absorbance of which is glutamate. The pyruvate is then reacted with 2 measured at 578 nm. The biuret reagent 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2 4-DNPH-one) to contains sodium potassium tartrate to form 2 4-DNPH-one. The addition of sodium complex cupric ions and maintains their hydroxide dissolves this complex allows 2 4- solubility at alkaline PH. Absorbance data are DNPH-ones to be measured at 505 nm. proportional to protein concentrations. Kidney function test Albumin and Globulin: Determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen (Beckman Synchron albumin in serum or plasma is based on the Method): The LX20 modular chemistry is binding behavior of the protein with the dye used to quantitatively determine the bromocresol green. At pH 3.68, Albumin acts concentration of blood urea nitrogen in serum as a cation and binds to the anionic dye, by means of the enzymatic conductivity rate. forming a green complex, the absorbance of A volume of sample is injected into the urease which is measured at 630 nm. reagent in a reaction cup containing an Bilirubin: Serum bilirubin when reacted with electrode that responds to changes in solution diazotized sulfanilic acid (Ehrlich's Reagent), conductivity. Electronic circuits determine the bilirubin is converted to azobilirubin rate of increase in conductivity, which is molecules which give a red purple colour in directly proportional to the concentration of acid the intensity of which is read urea in the sample(Beckman, 2001). colorimetrically. Both conjugated and Serum creatinine: Serum creatinine when unconjugated bilirubin gives purple introduce with picric acid in alkaline medium azobilirubin with diazotized acid. Conjugated it forms creatinine picrate. The orange color bilirubin can react in aquous solution (Direct can be measured calorimetrically, where the Reaction), whereas unconjugated requires an intensity of the obtained color is directly accelerator or solubilizer, such as methanol proportional to the concentration of creatinine (Indirect Reaction-which gives total bilirubin in the sample. i.e. conjugated + unconjugated bilirubin). 1332
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis of the the males and was the less than the normal data was performed by using the one-way range in females. analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hemoglobin (g/dl): The haematological Results and Discussion parameters of goat ware studied and compared for different districts of Vindhyan Blood profile of goats in different districts zoneMean (SEM) haemoglobin (g\dl) of goat of Vindhyan zone of Uttar Pradesh in different districts of Vindhyan zone. Male had significantly higher haemoglobin than Mean (SEM) Blood profile of goats in female in the entire district. Haemoglobin of different districts of Vindhyan zone of Uttar males of Sant Ravidas Nagar was Pradeshis given in table 1. significantly lower in comparison to haemoglobin of other districts of Vindhyan Hematological parameters zone. There is a great variation in the haematological and biochemical parameters All these haematological parameters were as observed between breeds of goats. In this within the normal range except haemoglobin, regard it may be difficult to formulate a which was lower side of the normal range of universal metabolic profile test for goats. Table.1 Mean (SEM) values of blood profile of goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone Attribute Sex of Sant Ravidas Mirzapur Sonebhadra SEM P Value Goat Nagar Hb (g/dl) Male 8.01b 8.3a 8.3a 0.1397
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 Table.2 Mean (SEM) values of liver function test profile of goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone Attribute Sant Ravidas Mirzapur Sonebhadra SEM P Value Nagar Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.48 0.5 0.48 0.011 0.767 Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.008 0.696 Indirect bilirubin 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.011 0.823 (mg/dl) Total protein (g/dl) 5.74 5.92 5.73 0.125 0.791 Albumin (g/dl) 3.1 3.45 3.09 0.109 0.31 Globulin (g/dl) 2.67 2.75 2.95 0.096 0.477 A/Gratio 1.2 1.31 1.1 0.06 0.367 SGOT (U/L) 57.23 58.49 59.21 1.05 0.751 SGPT (U/L) 60.91 61.53 59.74 0.983 0.762 Alkalinephosphatase 146.25 153.25 154.25 4 0.704 (U/L) Values with different small letter subscripts in row differ between groups significantly (p
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 Graph.1.2 Mean (SEM) values of liver function test enzyme in goats of different districts of Vindhyan zone Graph.1.3 Mean (SEM) values of bilirubin profile of goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone Graph.2 Mean (SEM) values of kidney function test profile of goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone These differences have further underlined the practice, nutrition and diagnosis of health need to establish appropriate physiological condition. The range of haemoglobin baseline values for various goats of vindhyan observed was 8.01 to 8.3 in males and 6.35 to zone of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, which could 6.85 in females. help in realistic evaluation of the management 1335
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1330-1338 PCV (%): The pack cell volume (26) in When the helminth infected goats are in males of Santravidas nagar was significantly accordance with that of Knox et al., (1993) lower than PCV recorded in goats of who reported decrease in the total protein Sonebhadra district. In female the PCV was content in the small ruminants infected with least and significantly lower in Mirzapur nematode parasites. It is also reported the district (25.66) decrease in total protein content in goats. Teleb et al., (2007) reported the decrease in TEC: There was no significant difference total protein content in serum of Farafrasheep recorded in T.E.C of male and female in experimentally infected with Fasciola different district of Vindhyan zone. gigantica. The decrease in total protein is due to haematophagous parasites especially TLC: No significant difference recorded in Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia TLC of male (18.07) and female (18.01) in ostertagi which suck 0.05ml of different district of Vindhyan zone. The range blood/worm/day (Soulsby, 1986). The varied from 18.03 to 18.07 in male and 18.00 infection of liver and destruction of liver to 18.07 in females. parenchyma also resulted in alteration in protein values (Mohamed, 2000; Matanovic et MCV: Santravidas Nagar had least MCV al., 2007; Antunovic et al., 2019). which was significantly lower than the males of Sonebhadra district. Kidney function test profile of goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone MCH: Significant difference of MCH of males of three districts ware of MCH of Mean (SEM) Kidney function test profile of female of all the districts differ significantly. goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone is given in table 3 and graph 2. The value of MCHC: There was no significant difference kidney function test was within normal range. in MCHC of males as against the MCH of Only blood urea level is slightly higher in female that differed significantly in all Sant Ravidas Nagar. There was no significant districts under study. difference in different districts of Vindhyan (DLC): The DLC value was within the zone.Serum bio-chemical and haematological normal range as described by Schalm and references constitute important panels in the Jaim. diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of livestock diseases via the investigations of Liver function test profile of goats in myriads of parameters influencing blood and different districts of Vindhyan zone serum bio- chemical indices among which are packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular Mean (SEM) Liver function test profile of volume (MCV), total blood glucose (TBG), goats in different districts of Vindhyan zone is total protein (TP), urea, creatinine, uric acid, given in table 2 and graph 1.1, 1.2 &1.3. The alanine aminotransferase or alanine value of liver function test was within normal transaminase (ALT), aspartate range. There was no significant difference in aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase different districts of Vindhyan zone. Liver (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), function test enzymes (SGOT, SGPT & creatinine kinase (CK), albumin (Alb), c- Alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin profile of glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), amylase, goats was no significant difference in globulin, cholesterol, very low density different districts of Vindhyan Zone. lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, folate, 1336
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