Suse Linux 9.3 For Dummies- P12

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Suse Linux 9.3 For Dummies- P12:This part is all about getting you started on your way to a lasting relationship with SUSE Linux. Before you can begin your SUSE Linux experience, I spend a chapter explaining what SUSE Linux is and what you can do with SUSE Linux (pretty much anything you can do with a PC that runs Windows).

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Chapter 9: Browsing the Web 145 HTML anchor: Optional part of the URL that makes the Web browser jump to a specific location in the file. If this part starts with a question mark (?) instead of a hash mark (#), the browser takes the text following the question mark to be a query. The Web server returns information based on such queries. Web servers and Web browsers The Web server serves up the Web pages, and the Web browser downloads them and displays them to the user. That’s pretty much the story with these two cooperating software packages that make the Web work. In a typical scenario, the user sits in front of a computer that’s connected to the Internet and runs a Web browser. When the user clicks a link or types a URL into the Web browser, the browser connects to the Web server and requests a document from the server. The Web server sends the document (usually in HTML format) and ends the connection. The Web browser inter- prets and displays the HTML document with text, graphics, and multimedia (if applicable). Figure 9-2 illustrates this typical scenario of a user browsing the Web. Web Server Web server sends back the requested Web page Internet Web Browser HTTP Figure 9-2: The Web browser Web browser connects to the server and requests requests a Web page documents and the Web server sends them. User Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
146 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE The Web browser’s connection to the Web server ends after the server sends the document. When the user browses through the downloaded document and clicks another hypertext link, the Web browser again connects to the Web server named in the hypertext link, downloads the document, ends the connection, and displays the new document. That’s how the user can move from one document to another with ease. A Web browser can do more than simply “talk” HTTP with the Web server — in fact, Web browsers can also download documents using FTP and many have integrated mail and newsreaders as well. Web Browsing in SUSE Linux Web browsing is fun because so many of today’s Web pages are so full of graph- ics and multimedia. Then there’s the element of surprise — you can click a link and end up at an unexpected Web page. Links are the most curious (and useful) aspect of the Web. You can start at a page that shows today’s weather and a click later, you can be reading this week’s issue of Time magazine. To browse the Web, all you need is a Web browser and an Internet connec- tion. I assume that you’ve already taken care of the Internet connection (see Chapter 7 if you haven’t yet set up your Internet connection), so all you need to know are the Web browsers in SUSE Linux. Depending on the desktop — KDE or GNOME — that you elected to install in SUSE Linux, you have different choices for Web browsers: KDE desktop uses Konqueror as the default Web browser. Konqueror also doubles as a file manager and a universal viewer. GNOME provides a choice of three Web browsers: Mozilla, Epiphany, and Firefox: • Mozilla: The reincarnation of that old workhorse — Netscape Communicator — only better. Includes mail and a newsreader. The Web browser is called the Mozilla Navigator, or simply Navigator (just as it was in Netscape Communicator). • Epiphany: The GNOME Web browser that uses parts of the Mozilla code to draw the Web pages, but has a simpler user interface than Mozilla. • Firefox: Mozilla’s next-generation browser that blocks popup ads, provides tabs for easily viewing multiple Web pages in a single window, and includes a set of privacy tools. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 9: Browsing the Web 147 You can easily install any of Mozilla, Epiphany, or Firefox Web browsers in KDE. See Chapter 18 for more information on how to install software in SUSE Linux. Web Browsing with Konqueror in KDE Konqueror is not only a file manager, but also a Web browser. Konqueror starts with a Web browser view if you start Konqueror by clicking the Web browser icon on the KDE panel (mouse over and read the help balloon to find it). On the other hand, if you start Konqueror by clicking the home folder icon (the second icon from left on the KDE panel), you can switch to a Web browser view by choosing Settings➪Load View Profile➪Web Browsing from Konqueror’s menu. To browse the Web using Konqueror, click the Web browser button on the KDE panel. Konqueror starts with the initial Web browser view that shows Konqueror’s About page — a Web page with information about Konqueror itself, as shown in Figure 9-3. To visit a specific Web page, simply enter the URL (the “link”) in the Location bar (refer to Figure 9-3). You can type the URL without the http:// prefix. For example, if the URL is http://www.irs.gov, you can simply type www.irs.gov in the Location bar and then press Enter. Konqueror opens the new Web page in a new tab. Figure 9-3: Konqueror starts with its initial Web browser view. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
148 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE To open another tab to load a new Web page, choose Location➪New Tab from the Konqueror menu. You can then type a new URL in the Location box and that Web page appears in the new tab. Figure 9-4 shows Konqueror’s Web browser view with a few Web pages loaded in different tabs (notice the tabs just below the Location field). This is called tabbed Web browsing and, as you can see, Konqueror can do tabs. By the way, you can switch between Web pages by clicking on the tabs. Figure 9-4 shows the key parts of the Konqueror Web browser’s window. Here is a quick rundown of some of the features: Search: You can perform a Google search by typing search words in the text field on the right end of the Location bar. Open a new tab Click to clear Location Location bar Home Folder (your home directory) Toolbar Tabs Increase font size Close current tab Menu bar Find text Decrease font size Go Back Reload Print Current tab Clone this Konqueror window Figure 9-4: Konqueror supports tabbed Web browsing. Status bar Google search (type search words and press Enter) Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 9: Browsing the Web 149 Font size: Click the magnifying glass icon to increase or decrease the font size. Tabs: Click the button on the left end of the tabs to open a new tab, and the one on the rightmost edge to close the current tab. Clone window: Click the K button on the top right to clone the current Konqueror window, including all the tabs. Location: Type the URL in the Location bar and press Enter or click the Go button (on the right end of the Location bar) to load that URL. To clear the Location bar, click the button with an X at the left end of the Location bar. If a Web server sends a cookie — a bit of information that a Web server wants the Web browser to save on your PC — Konqueror displays a cookie alert (see Figure 9-5). You can make your choice depending on whether you want to allow cookies from that Web site. Figure 9-5: Konqueror asks if you want to accept cookies. Play around with Konqueror and you will realize that it’s more powerful than it first appears. Web Browsing with Mozilla in GNOME You can start Mozilla by choosing Main Menu➪Internet➪Web Browser➪ Mozilla from the GNOME desktop’s top panel. By the way, the Mozilla Web browser is also known as Mozilla Navigator. Mozilla also includes a Composer for, what else, composing (preparing) Web pages using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). When Mozilla starts, it displays a browser window with a default home page. (The home page is a Web page that a Web browser loads when you first start it.) You can configure Mozilla to use a different Web page as the default home page. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
150 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE Figure 9-6 shows a Web page from a U.S. government Web site (www.gao.gov), as well as the main elements of the Mozilla browser window. Getting familiar with the Mozilla interface The Mozilla Web browser includes lots of features in its user interface, but you can master it easily. You can turn off some of the items that make it look busy. You can also start with just the basics to get going with Mozilla and then gradually expand to areas that you haven’t yet explored. Mozilla toolbars Starting from the top of the window, you see a menu bar with the standard menus (File, Edit, and so forth), followed by the two toolbars — the Navigation toolbar and the Personal toolbar. The area underneath the Personal toolbar is where the current Web page appears. Personal toolbar Navigation toolbar Go to Mozilla Home Page Menu bar Print this page Figure 9-6: The Mozilla Web browser in action. Open Composer (to prepare Web page) Current Web page Online icon Open a new Mozilla window Status bar Padlock icon Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 9: Browsing the Web 151 Here’s what you can do with the buttons on the Navigation toolbar that appear just below the menu bar, from left to right: Back: Move to the previous Web page. Forward: Move to the page from which you may have gone backward. Reload: Reload the current Web page. Stop: Stop loading the current page. Location text box: Show the URL of the current Web page. (Type a URL in this box to view that Web page.) Search: Go to the Google Web Search page (www.google.com). Print: Print the current Web page. (You can also preview how the page will appear when printed.) Mozilla icon: Go to the Mozilla.org Web site (www.mozilla.org). Immediately below the Navigation toolbar is the Personal toolbar with the Home and Bookmarks buttons. These two buttons serve the following purposes: Home: Takes you to the home page. Bookmarks: Displays a menu from which you can bookmark the current page as well as manage your bookmarks. Mozilla includes a number of other links on the Personal toolbar. Clicking any of these links causes Mozilla to load the Web page corresponding to that link. Status bar You can think of the bar along the bottom edge of the Mozilla window as the status bar because the middle part of that area displays status information as Mozilla loads a Web page. The left side of the status bar includes a component bar, which displays two small icons. If you want a hint about what any of these icons do, simply mouse over the button, and Mozilla displays a small balloon help message. You can click these icons to open other Mozilla windows to perform various tasks. In the right corner of Mozilla’s status bar, to the right of the status message, you see two icons. The icon on the left indicates that you’re online; if you click it, Mozilla goes offline. The rightmost icon is a security padlock. Mozilla supports a secure version of HTTP that uses a protocol called Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to transfer encrypted data between the browser and the Web Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
152 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE server. When Mozilla connects to a Web server that supports secure HTTP, the security padlock appears locked. Otherwise the security padlock is open, signifying an insecure connection. The URL for secure HTTP transfers begins with https:// instead of the usual http://. (Note the extra s in https.) Mozilla displays status messages in the middle portion of the status bar. You can watch the messages in this area to see what’s going on. If you mouse over a link on the Web page, the status bar displays the URL for that link. Mozilla menus I haven’t mentioned the Mozilla menus much. That’s because you can usually get by without having to go to them. Nevertheless, taking a quick look through the Mozilla menus is worthwhile so you know what each one offers. In particular, you can use the Edit➪Preferences menu to change settings such as your home page. Changing your home page Your home page is the Web page that Mozilla loads when you start it. By default, Mozilla displays a blank page. Changing the home page is easy. First locate the page on the Web that you want to be the home page. You can get to that page any way you want. You can search with a search engine to find the page you want, you can type the URL in the Location text box, or you may even accidentally end up on a page that you want to make your home page. It doesn’t matter. When you’re viewing the Web page that you want to make your home page in Mozilla, choose Edit➪Preferences from the Mozilla menu. The Preferences dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 9-7. On the right side of Figure 9-7, notice that the Home Page radio button is selected. This option means that Mozilla Navigator displays the home page when you start it up. Then you see the URL for the home page, and under- neath the address is a Use Current Page button. Click that button to make the current page your home page. You can set a lot of other options using the Preferences window. Although I don’t explain all the options, you can click around to explore everything that you can do from this window. For example, you can click the Choose File button to select a file on your local system as the home page. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 9: Browsing the Web 153 Figure 9-7: Click the Use Current Page button to make the current Web page your home page. Introducing Epiphany and Firefox Epiphany is the Web browser that starts if you click on the Web browser icon on the GNOME desktop’s top panel (mouse over each icon and read the help balloon to locate the Web browser icon). Figure 9-8 shows the initial Epiphany window showing a U.S. Government Web site. Figure 9-8: Epiphany Web browser window with a typical Web page. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
154 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE If you compare Figure 9-8 with the Mozilla window in Figure 9-6, you can prob- ably see that the Epiphany window is simpler, with just the navigation toolbar and the text entry area where you can type a new URL. Epiphany supports tabs. You can press Ctrl+T (or choose File➪New Tab) to open a new tab where you can view a new Web page. Firefox is the next-generation Web browser from Mozilla and, like Mozilla, Firefox is available for many different operating systems, including Linux. If you’re running the GNOME desktop, Firefox is already installed on your SUSE Linux system. To try out Firefox, choose Main Menu➪Internet➪Web Browser➪Firefox Web Browser from the GNOME desktop’s top panel. Figure 9-9 shows the Mozilla Firefox window showing a U.S. government Web site. Firefox has a user interface that’s similar to Mozilla. Like Epiphany, Firefox also supports tabbed browsing, which means that you can open a new tab (by pressing Ctrl+T) and view a Web page in that tab. That way, you can view multiple Web pages in a single window. Figure 9-9: Mozilla Firefox displaying a U.S. government Web site. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 10 E-Mailing and Instant Messaging in SUSE In This Chapter Understanding electronic mail Taking stock of mail readers and IM (instant messaging) clients Introducing KMail Introducing Evolution Instant messaging with Kopete and GAIM E lectronic mail (e-mail) is a mainstay of the Internet. E-mail is great because you can exchange messages and documents with anyone on the Internet. You can send messages anywhere in the world, and that message typically makes its way to its destination within minutes, if not seconds — something you cannot do with paper mail (also appropriately known as snail mail). I love e-mail because I can communicate without having to play “phone tag,” in which two people can leave telephone messages for each other without ever success- fully making contact. SUSE Linux comes with several mail clients — also called mail readers — that can download mail from your Internet service provider (ISP). You can also read and send e-mail using these mail clients. In this chapter, I introduce you to the primary mail clients for the KDE and GNOME desktops. When you know one of these mail clients, you can easily use any of the mail readers. There is yet another type of “keeping in touch” that’s more in line with the twenty-first century. I’m talking about IM — instant messaging. IM is basically one-to-one chat, and SUSE Linux includes IM clients that can work with many instant messaging protocols such as AOL Instant Messenger (or AIM), MSN Messenger, ICQ, Jabber, Yahoo!, Gadu-Gadu, IRC (Internet Relay Chat), and SMS (Short Message Service or text messaging). I briefly describe the pri- mary IM clients for KDE and GNOME desktops in this chapter. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
156 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE Understanding E-Mail E-mail messages are addressed to a username at a host (host is just a fancy name for an online computer). That means if John Doe logs in with the username jdoe, e-mail to him is addressed to jdoe. The only other piece of information needed to identify the recipient uniquely is the fully qualified domain name of the recipient’s system. Thus, if John Doe’s system is named someplace.com, his complete e-mail address becomes jdoe@someplace.com. Given that address, anyone on the Internet can send e-mail to John Doe. How MUA and MTA work The two types of mail software are Mail-user agent (MUA) is the fancy name for a mail reader — a client that you use to read your mail messages, write replies, and compose new messages. Typically, the mail-user agent retrieves messages from the mail server by using the POP3 or IMAP4 protocol. POP3 is the Post Office Protocol Version 3, and IMAP4 is the Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4. In SUSE Linux, the KDE desktop uses KMail as the mail-user agent and GNOME provides Evolution. Mail-transfer agent (MTA) is the fancy name for a mail server that actu- ally sends and receives mail-message text. The exact method used for mail transport depends on the underlying network. In TCP/IP networks, the mail-transport agent delivers mail using the Simple Mail-Transfer Protocol (SMTP). You need an MTA only if your system is going to be a mail server. Specifically, you do not need an MTA if all you want to do is read and send mail via your ISP’s mail server. Figure 10-1 shows how the MUAs and MTAs work with one another when Alice sends an e-mail message to Bob. (In case you didn’t know, using Alice and Bob to explain e-mail and cryptography is customary — just pick up any book on cryptography and you’ll see what I mean.) And you may already know this, but the Internet is always diagrammed as a cloud — the boundaries of the Internet are so fuzzy that a cloud seems just right to represent it. (Or is it because no one knows where it starts and where it ends?) The scenario in Figure 10-1 is typical of most people. Alice and Bob both con- nect to the Internet through an ISP and get and send their e-mail through their ISPs. When Alice types a message and sends it, her mail-user agent (MUA) sends the message to her ISP’s mail-transfer agent (MTA) using the Simple Mail- Transfer Protocol (SMTP). The sending MTA then sends that message to the receiving MTA — Bob’s ISP’s MTA — using SMTP. When Bob connects to the Internet, his MUA downloads the message from his ISP’s MTA using the POP3 (or IMAP4) protocol. That’s the way mail moves around the Internet — from sending MUA to sending MTA to receiving MTA to receiving MUA. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 10: E-Mailing and Instant Messaging in SUSE 157 Alice‘s ISP‘s Alice‘s mail user mail transfer agent (MUA) agent (MTA) MTA SMTP Bob‘s ISP MTA Internet POP3 or IMAP4 Alice Bob‘s MUA Figure 10-1: How Alice sends e-mail to Bob (or all about MUAs and MTAs). Bob Mail message enhancements Mail messages used to be plain text (and most still are), but many messages today have much more than text. Two typical new features of today’s mail are HTML messages: Mail messages can be in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the language used to lay out Web pages. When you read an HTML message on a capable mail reader, the message appears in its full glory with nice fonts and embedded graphics. Attachments: Many messages today include attached files, which can be anything from documents to images. The recipient can save the attach- ment on disk or open it directly from the mail reader. Unfortunately, attachments are one way hackers try to get viruses and worms into your PC. (If it’s any consolation, most Windows-based viruses and worms do not work in Linux.) Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
158 Part III: Doing Stuff with SUSE While HTML messages are nice, they are a perfect tool for hackers phishing for information. As you might know, phishing is a new term for hackers trying to coax personal information out of people. Often hackers send professional- looking HTML messages that might claim to be from your bank, credit card company, or eBay and ask you to click what looks like an authentic link to update your personal information. If you click the link, you typically end up at a Web site that’s a sophisticated fake of a bank or a credit card site that then prompts you for information such as name, date of birth, address, bank account number, credit card number, and so on. If you are reading HTML mail, be careful of any messages that urge you to update personal informa- tion. More than likely, it’s from a hacker on a phishing trip. If you have an ISP account, all you need is a mail client (mail reader) to access your e-mail. In this case, your e-mail resides on your ISP’s server and the mail reader downloads mail when you run it. You have to do some setup before you can start reading mail from your ISP’s mail server. The setup essentially requires you to enter information that you get from your ISP — the mail server’s name, server type (POP3, for example), your username, and your password. E-Mailing in SUSE Linux Each GUI desktop has a default e-mail client. The KDE desktop uses KMail and the GNOME desktop offers Evolution. In the following sections, I briefly introduce you to KMail and Evolution. All mail clients are intuitive to use, so you don’t need much more than an introduction to start using them effectively. Introducing KMail KMail is a mail reader for KDE. To start KMail, choose Main Menu➪Internet➪ E-Mail. When you first run KMail, you get its main window, but you cannot start using it to send and receive e-mail until you have configured the mail accounts in KMail. To configure KMail, follow these steps: 1. Choose Settings➪Configure KMail. The Configure KMail window appears. 2. Click Network on the left pane of the window. The Setup for Sending and Receiving Messages screen appears (see Figure 10-2). Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Chapter 10: E-Mailing and Instant Messaging in SUSE 159 Figure 10-2: Configure e-mail accounts in the Configure KMail window. 3. Click the Sending tab for outgoing mail and then click the Add button. A dialog box prompts you for the mail-transport agent. 4. Select the mail-transport agent and click OK. Typically, for an ISP-provided mail account, you should select SMTP. A dialog box prompts you for information about the mail server. 5. Enter the mail server’s name and click OK. This is the mail server that your ISP wants you to use when sending messages (for example, smtp.comcast.net). 6. Click the Receiving tab for incoming mail and click Add. A dialog box prompts you for the mail protocol, such as POP3 or IMAP. 7. Select the mail protocol and click OK. Most ISPs want you to use POP3 or IMAP as the mail protocol. Make your selection based on your ISP’s instructions. After you click OK, a dialog box prompts for further information about your mail account. 8. Enter the information about your ISP mail account and click OK. You typically have to enter the mail server’s name (for example, mail. comcast.net) as well as the username and password for your mail account. 9. Click OK in the Configure KMail window. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.