Tài liệu về CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis 2. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book 3. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. Had he...

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Nội dung Text: Tài liệu về CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I. Các loại câu điều kiện Type Forms Usage 0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh Đk có thể xảy ra ở hiẹn tại ỏ 1 If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall...... + Vo tương lai 2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should...+ Vo Đk không có thật ở hiện tại Đk không có thật trong quá 3 If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/ could...+ have + V3/Ved khứ Đk kết If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo hợp II.Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện 1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.  Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis 2. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.  Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book 3. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.  Had he trained hard, he would have won the match. III. Viết lại câu điều kiện: Cách chuyển câu điều kiện theo tình huống Bước 1: Xác định loại của câu Đk: Nêú câu dẫn ở hiện tại viết lại câu Đk loại 2 Nếu câu dẫn ở quá khứ viết lại câu Đk loai 3 Bước 2: Xác định vế câu Đk: Nếu câu dẫn có So, So that, That’s why thì vế trước So là vế If Nếu câu dẫn có Because thì vế sau Because sẽ là vế If Bước 3: Nếu câu dẫn ở khẳng định thì câu If chuyển sang phủ định và ngược lại Bước 4: Hoàn thành câu Eg: 1. I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor. If I were clever, I would be a doctor. 2. John was sick because he ate much cake. If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick Sau đây là 1 số biến thể thường gặp của câu điều kiện: Sau đây là biến thể có thể có của các cụm động từ trong các vế của câu điều kiện loại I: GIẢ ĐỊNH CÓ THẬT (Real conditions) LOẠI I A. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề chính (main clause) - Đối với trường hợp muốn nhấn mạnh tính có thể xảy ra sự việc If + present simple, ... may/might + V-inf. Ex. If the weather gets worse, the flight may/might be delayed.
- Đối với trường hợp thể hiện sự đồng ý, cho phép, gợi ý If + present simple, ... may/can + V-inf. Ex. If it stops raining, we can go out. - Đối với câu gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu nhưng nhấn mạnh về hành động If + present simple, ... would like to/must/have to/should... + V-inf. Ex. If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you. If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise. - Đối với trường hợp muốn diễn tả hậu quả tất yếu của điều kiện đặt ra theo quy luật hoặc thói quen If + present simple, present simple. Ex. If you eat this poisonous fruit, you die at once. If you boil water, it turns to vapor. - Đối với trường hợp có thể xảy ra trong tương lai và nhấn mạnh trạng thái diễn ra/hoàn thành của sự việc If + present simple, future continuous/future perfect. Ex. If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow. If you do your home work right now, you will have finished it in 2 hours' time. - Đối với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn ở mệnh đề chính) If + present simple, (do not) V-inf. Ex. If you are hungry, go to a restaurant. If you feel cold, don't open the door. - Đối với câu khuyên răn, trong trường hợp này không thực sự là một câu điều kiện bởi "if" mang nghĩa như "as, since, because" If + present simple, why do (not) + V-inf. Ex. If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema? B. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause) - Đối với trường hợp đang xảy ra ngay trong hiện tại If + present continuous, simple future. Ex. If he is working, I won't disturb him. If you are doing exercises, I shall wait. If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tương đương simple future) - Đối với trường hợp không chắc về thời gian của điều kiện có thật mà nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của nó If + present perfect, simple future. Ex. If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help. - Đối với câu gợi ý nhưng nhấn mạnh về điều kiện If + would like to + V-inf, ... will/can/must/nothing + V-inf. Ex. If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with you. - Đối với câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang tính lịch sự If + can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, simple future. Ex. If I can help you, I will. If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold. If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid. If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance examination. If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once. (tương đương probably) Lưu ý: Trong câu "if + subject + should + V-inf.", should có thể được đưa lên đầu câu thay "if" Should + V-inf., simple future. Ex. Should you see him on the way home from work, please tell him to call on me
Tương tự như vậy, ta có một số biến thể ít phổ biến hơn của cụm động từ đối với GIẢ ĐỊNH KHÔNG CÓ THỰC (unreal conditions loại II và III), tuỳ vào việc muốn nhấn mạnh và trạng thái diễn tiến hay hoàn thành của sự việc trong mệnh đề điều kiện hoặc sự việc trong mệnh đề chính. LOẠI II. A. Mệnh đề chính (main clause) - If + past simple, ... would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be V-ing. Ex. If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow. - If + past simple, past simple. (việc đã xảy ra) Ex. If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost. - If + past simple, ... would be + V-ing. Ex. If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now. - If dùng như "as, since, because" có thể kết hợp với động từ ở nhiều thì khác nhau trong mệnh đề chính và không thực sự là một câu điều kiện. Ex. If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me? B. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause) - If + past continuous, ... would/could + V-inf. Ex. If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better. - If + past perfect, ... would/could + V-inf. Ex. If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now. LOẠI III A. Mệnh đề chính (main clause) - If + past perfect, ... could/might + present perfect. Ex. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. - If + past perfect, present perfect continuous. Ex. If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in Doson last Sunday. - If + past perfect, ... would + V-inf. Ex. If she had followedmy advice, she would be richer now. If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now. B. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause) - If + past perfect continuous, ... would + present perfect. Ex. If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry Các trường hợp dùng "wish" thì cũng tương tự, chia làm 3 loại, cách dùng như bạn NHH đã nói ở trên và có 1 số biến thể tương tự nhé. Đối với trường hợp "if" được sử dụng như một liên từ dùng để bắt đầu một mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện về thời gian, lúc này "if = when". Vậy "if" và "when" khác nhau thế nào? - WHEN: được dùng khi diễn tả một điều gì đó chắc chắn xảy ra. Ex. I am going to do some shopping today. When I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee. - IF: được dùng khi diễn tả một điều không chắc chắn (có thể hoặc không thể) xảy ra trong tương lai. Ex. I may go shopping today. If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee.
Lưu ý: Động từ chính trong mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ bắt đầu bằng "when" hoặc "if" luôn ở thì present simple mặc dù hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Ex. When/If he arrives tomorrow, I'll tell him about it Bài tập trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện I-Choose the best anwer : 1-If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have. A-have B-would have C-had had D-should have 2-I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital. A-would have visited B-visited C-had visited D-visit 3-………more help,I could call my neighbor. A-needed B-should I need C-I have neeeded D-I should need 4-………then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years. A-had I known B-did I know C-If I know D- If I would know 5-Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people…….the same language? A-spoke B-speak C-had spoken D-will speak 6-If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,……this incident again. A- I will never mention B-I never mention C-will I never mention D-I don’t mention 7-I didn’t know you were asleep.Otherwise,I…….so much noise when I came in. A-didn’t make B-wouldn’t have made C-won’t make D-don’t make 8-Unless you ……all of my questions,I can’t do anything to help you. A-answered B-answer C-would answer D-are answering 9-Had you told me that this was going to happen, I…….it. A-would have never believed B-don’t believe C-hadn’t believed D-can’t believe 10-If Jake……..to go on the trip, would you have gone? A-doesn’t agree B-didn’t agree C-hadn’t agree D-wouldn’t agree 11-When I stopped talking,Sam finished my sentence for me as though he …..my mind. A-would read B-had read C-reads D-can read 12-if you……., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch T.V,bu didn’t want to bother you. A-had studied B-studied C-hadn’t been studying D-didn’t study 13-I wish I…….you some money for your rent,but I’m broke myself. A-can lend B-would lend C-could lend D-will lend 14-If someone ……in to the store,smile and say, “May I help you?” A-comes B-came C-would come D-could come 15-“Here ‘s my phone number”. “Thanks.I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow” A-will need B-need C-would need D-needed 16-If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I….in a bank. A-work B-will work C-have worked D-would be working 17-The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions ……improved. A-was B-is C-were d-had been
18-The education in Japan……..if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration. A-would go down B-would have gone down C-went down D-had gone down 19-If there…….the ricefields could have been more productive. A-had been enough water B-were enough water C-would be enough water D-are enough water 20-the patient could not recover unless he ……an operation. A-had undergone B-would undergo C-underwent D-was undergoing 21-If she …..him,she would be very happy. A-would meet B-will meet C-is meeting D-should meet 22-If he …..a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post. A-had had B-had C-has D-has had 23-If I had enough money,I……abroad to improve my English. A-will go B-would go C-should go D-should have go to 24-The bench would collapse if they……on it. A-stood B-stand C-standing D-stands 25-If it……convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight, A-be B-is C-was D-were 26-If you……time, please write to me. A-have B-had C-have had D-has 27-I shouldn’t go there at night if I ….you. A-am B-was C-be D-were 28-If I …….get a pole, I will go fishing. A-can B-could C-may D-might 29-If you had the chance,…….you go fishing? A-did B-may C-would D-do 30-If you …..a choice, which country would you visit? A-have B-had C-have had D-will have 31-She will acept the offer if you persuade her. A-unless B-because C-provided that D-otherwise 32-If he were here,he would accompany you on the piano. A-Supposing he were here B-because he were here C-were he here D-Both Aand C 33-If she had gone abroad, she would have let you know. A-had gone she abroad B-had she gone abroad C-Because she had gone abroad D-while she had gone abroad 34-Trees won’t grow…….there is enough water. A-if B-when C-unless D-as 35-……….she agreed, you would have done it. A-if B-had C-should D-would 36-If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ……in his examination. A-would fail B-wouldn’t fail C-wouldn’t have failed D-won’t fail 37-If I had taken that English course, I…….much progress. A-had made B-would have made C-made D-would make 38-If I were in your place, I….a trip to England.
A-will make B-had made C-would make D-made 39-If you inherited a million pounds,what…….with the money? A-do you do B-will you do C-would you do D-are you going to do 40-If you……..as I told you, you…….in such predicament now. A-Did/would not be B-had done/had not been C-do/would not be D-had done /would not be 41-Come and work for my company iif you…….better to do. A-have nothing B-will have nothing C-had something D-had nothing 42-If you had done as I told you ,I think you………. A-would succeed B-would have succeeded C-could succed D-had succeeded 43-If he had got half a mark more, he ……in the exam. A-wouldn’t fail B-wouldn’t have failed C-won’t fail D-won’t be failing 44-If it……… tomorrow, we may postpone going. A-rains B-will rain C-shall rain D-raining 45-If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you……sleepy now. A-wouldn’t have been B-wouldn’t be C-might have not been D-would’t have been being 46 - If you …….as I told you, you ……….sorry now. A-did/would not be B-had done/had not been C-do /would not be D-had done/would not be 47-If I………I will let you know . A-am staying B-will stay C-do stay D-would stay 48-“Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the hollidays?” “No,but if I ……the time , I would definitely go” A-have B-had C-have had D-would have 49-“It’s really raining” “Yes.If the weather……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”. A-would get worse B-might get worse C-get worse D-should get worse 50-“Why did you only send twenty dollats in the mail?” “If I had had more money, I ……..given you more.” A-will have B-would have C-would D-have 51-“My boss made me work overtime again”. “If I were you,I……….my job”. A-would quit B-will quit C-must quit D-quit 52-“Thanks for your help”. “…….want more information,call again tomorrow”. A-were you B-had you to C-might you D- should you 53-“Remember the day I drove you to the airport?”. “If you hadn’t ……me ,I would have been late”. A-take B-taking C-took D-taken 54-“Sally finally got here from Chicago”. “If she had come earlier,we……taken her to the play”. A-would be B-would have C-had have D-would had
55-“I don’t know whether to take that mathematics course or not”. “If ………you, I’d take it”. A-I am B-I will be C-I had been youD-I were 56-“My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus”. “………,we would have picked you up”. A-had we known B-if we have known C-we had known D-if we did know 57-“It’s beginning to rain”. “……..,we won’t be able to finish the ball game”. A-If it stops B-should it stop C-unlees it stops D-if it didn’t stop 58-“Did you need help with your math last night?”. “If I had, I………you”. A-would call B-called C-would have called D-will call 59-“I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do”. “……..what you want and I can get it for you”. A-tell me B-if you would say me C-you will tell to me D-if you tell me 60-“John went to the hospital alone”, “If …….,Iwould have gone with him”. A-had he told me B-he had told me C-ha has told me D-he would tell me THE END Đáp án bài tập trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện 1-C 31-C 2-A 32-D 3-B 33-B 4-A 34-C 5-A 35-B 6-A 36-C 7-B 37-B 8-B 38-C
9-A 39-C 10-C 40-D 11-B 41-A 12-C 42-B 13-C 43-B 14-A 44-A 15-B 45-B 16-D 46-D 17-C 47-C 18-B 48-B 19-A 49-D 20-C 50-B 21-D 51-A 22-A 52-D 23-B 53-D 24-A 54-B 25-B 55-D 26-A 56-A 27-D 57-C 28-A 58- C 29-C 59-A 30-B 60-B