The sat critical reading section 10

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5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 87 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 23. The main purpose of the passage is to 25. The author would agree with all the following a. discuss trends in fashion statements EXCEPT b. relate the history of commerce a. a person wearing a New York Yankees baseball c. lament the passing of old traditions hat is not necessarily a fan of the team or a d. help the reader discover his or her own true resident of New York identity b. pride in our school or community is not as e. discuss commercialism’s powerful inﬂuence strong today as it was years ago upon personal identity c. in today’s society, being trendy is more impor- tant than keeping tradition 24. What does the author mean by the commercial d. you can tell a lot about somebody by what he range of options (line 2)? or she is wearing a. the variety of commercials on television and e. the market has many choices but few values radio 26. The author uses all of the following techniques to b. the numerous products available to today’s consumer convince the reader EXCEPT c. the ability to shop on the Internet a. an informal style d. let the buyer beware b. speciﬁc examples that readers can relate to e. technology’s impact upon the world c. references to religious doctrine d. use of the ﬁrst-person plural pronoun we e. avoiding absolute statements Questions 27–29 are based on the following passage about the physical activity of American adolescents. According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC), a vast number of American teens are not vigor- ously active on a regular basis, contributing to a trend of sluggishness among Americans of all ages. In Feb- ruary of 2004, the American Academy of Family Physicians reported that physical activity among American adolescents continues to decline substantially with each year. This is particularly true among adolescent Line girls, 48% of whom report low levels of physical activity by the time they are in the 12th grade. Unfortu- (5) nately, the sedentary habits of young couch potatoes often continue into adulthood. Presently, less than one-third of Americans meet the federal recommendations to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least ﬁve days a week. Inactivity can be a serious health risk factor; setting the stage for obesity and associated chronic illnesses like heart disease or diabetes. The beneﬁts of exercise include build- ing bone and muscle; maintaining healthy joints; controlling weight; and preventing the development of (10) high blood pressure. 87
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 88 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 27. The passage serves all of the following purposes 28. In line 2, sluggishness most nearly means EXCEPT to a. unemployment a. provide statistical information to support the b. lethargy claim that teenagers do not exercise enough c. willingness b. list long-term health risks associated with lack d. animation of exercise e. energy c. express skepticism that teenagers can change 29. The primary purpose of the passage is to their exercise habits d. show a correlation between inactive teenagers a. refute an argument and inactive adults b. make a prediction e. highlight some health beneﬁts of exercise c. praise an outcome d. promote change e. justify a conclusion Questions 30–34 are based on the following passage about afﬁrmative action. The United Sates is the only industrialized nation in the world that does not provide healthcare to all of its citizens. Instead, healthcare for those under 65 is managed by a complex web of insurance companies, representing mostly for-proﬁt business. This results in exorbitant healthcare premiums, leaving approxi- mately 45 million citizens uninsured and unable to receive regular healthcare. And this is not limited to Line those who are unemployed. Many businesses can’t afford to provide their employees with health insurance, (5) leaving not just the poor, but also the working middle-class to fend for themselves. The best solution to this crisis is to move toward a single-payer system. Simply put, this would entail ﬁnancing healthcare through a single source, most likely the federal government. Everyone would be covered under this sys- tem, regardless of age, preexisting conditions, or employment status. Although income and sales taxes would be progressively increased to fund universal healthcare, the beneﬁts far outweigh the drawbacks. For (10) instance, this public system would be more inexpensive to run than the current system. Administrative costs would be centralized and therefore greatly reduced. Money would no longer be spent frivolously as it is now in the for-proﬁt sector. Currently, insurance companies spend millions on advertisements, market analysis, utilization review, patient tracking, and CEO salaries. All of that money could be used instead for what it should be, the provision of medical services. In Canada, for instance, which acknowledges that (15) healthcare is a right of every citizen and implements the single-payer system, spends only 8% on admin- istration, whereas the United States spends approximately 24% for the same purpose. Also, the single-payer system puts healthcare back in the hands of the physicians. They will be able to make decisions based on what is best for their patients, not on what insurance companies deem allowable. Furthermore, universal healthcare will increase the mortality of U.S. citizens by 25%. Studies suggest that in countries where health- (20) care is universal, citizens visit their primary care physicians more frequently, and as a result, stay health- ier by taking preventative measures. 88
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 89 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 30. Based on the tone of the passage, it can be 33. The author uses all of the following techniques to inferred that the author convince the reader EXCEPT a. is indifferent to the healthcare crisis a. provide statistics to support his or her b. is a Democrat viewpoint c. favors implementing the single-payer system b. compare the U.S. healthcare system to d. writes for a newspaper Canada’s e. is a physician c. explain some of the problems associated with the current system 31. In line 3, exorbitant most nearly means d. provide a solution to the healthcare crisis a. modest e. present an opposing point of view on the issue b. costly 34. The primary purpose of the passage is c. unreliable d. powerful a. to introduce the single-payer healthcare e. valuable system b. to compare the U.S. healthcare system to 32. From the information provided in the passage, Canada’s one can conclude that the author c. to propose a solution to the current healthcare a. has lived in Canada crisis b. is unemployed d. to empower physicians c. believes that universal healthcare is an attain- e. to smear the reputation of insurance able goal companies d. is uninsured e. favors tax increases Questions 35–36 are based on the following passage about geometry’s Divine Proportion. PHI, the Divine Proportion of 1.618, is the ratio of any two sequential numbers in the Fibonacci sequence. If you take the numbers 0 and 1, then create each subsequent number in the sequence by adding the pre- vious two numbers, you get the Fibonacci sequence. For example, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144. Line If you sum the squares of any series of Fibonacci numbers, they will equal the last Fibonacci number used (5) in the series times the next Fibonacci number. This property results in the Fibonacci spiral seen in every- thing from seashells to galaxies, and is written mathematically as: 12 + 12 + 22 + 32 + 52 = 5 8. Plants illustrate the Fibonacci series in the numbers of leaves, the arrangement of leaves around the stem, and in the positioning of leaves, sections, and seeds. A sunﬂower seed illustrates this principal as the number of clockwise spirals is 55 and the number of counterclockwise spirals is 89; 89 divided by 55 = 1.618, the Divine (10) Proportion. Pinecones and pineapples illustrate similar spirals of successive Fibonacci numbers. 89
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 90 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 35. According to the passage, PHI is 36. The passage relies primarily on which of the fol- a. rare in nature lowing techniques to explain PHI? b. a reﬂection of nature’s genius a. explanation of terms c. prevalent throughout the universe b. comparison of different arguments d. artiﬁcially created order c. contrast of opposing views e. a little-known mathematical concept d. generalized statement e. illustration by example Questions 37–40 are based on the following passage about the design of New York City’s Central Park. Although it is called Central Park, New York City’s great green space has no “center”—no formal walkway down the middle of the park, no central monument or body of water, no single orienting feature. The paths wind, the landscape constantly shifts and changes, the sections spill into one another in a seemingly ran- Line dom manner. But this “decentering” was precisely the intent of the park’s innovative design. Made to look (5) as natural as possible, Frederick Law Olmsted’s 1858 plan for Central Park had as its main goal the cre- ation of a democratic playground—a place with many centers to reﬂect the multiplicity of its uses and users. Olmsted designed the park to allow interaction among the various members of society, without giving pref- erence to one group or class. Thus, Olmsted’s ideal of a “commonplace civilization” could be realized. 37. In lines 1–4, the author describes speciﬁc park 39. The passage suggests that Olmsted’s design features to a. was like most other parks being designed at a. provide evidence that the park has no center the time b. present the park in a favorable light b. was radically different from other park designs c. present both sides of an argument c. was initially very unpopular with d. demonstrate how large the park is New Yorkers e. show how well the author knows the park d. was inspired by similar parks in Europe e. did not succeed in creating a democratic 38. The main idea of this passage is that playground a. New York City is a democratic city 40. In line 6, a democratic playground most nearly b. Olmsted was a brilliant designer c. more parks should be designed without means a centers a. playground that is free of charge d. Central Park is used by many people for many b. place where the visitors have a say in the different purposes design e. Central Park is democratic by design c. place that is for kids as well as adults d. park that is for all people, regardless of class e. park that is easily accessible 90
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 91 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – readers may be more aware of the public art P aragraph-Length Critical around them (choice b), but the emphasis of Reading Answers the passage is the deﬁnition of public art. The author does not compare public to private art 1. b. Lines 2–3 state that public art is speciﬁcally beyond the issue of intended audience, so designed for a public arena where the art will be choice c cannot be correct. Choices d and e are encountered by people in their normal day-to- both part of the larger purpose of deﬁning day activities. This is in contrast to private art, public art. which is less accessible because it is kept in 4. c. The phrase broken up into long, thin ﬁbers, speciﬁc, non-public places such as museums used to describe asbestos bundles in line 1, and galleries. The passage does not discuss the suggests that friable means easily broken ideas or emotions conveyed through either down. Although asbestos is a serious health public or private art, so choice a is incorrect. It hazard, it is not poisonous (choice d). None of also does not discuss the value (real or per- the other choices is supported by or makes ceived) of either public or private art, so sense in the context of the passage. choice c is incorrect. The passage notes that 5. a. While the passage does explain some of the people may be surprised by how much impact properties of asbestos (choice b) and includes public art may have on them, but it does not a list of materials that may include asbestos discuss the importance of public versus pri- (choice d), these elements serve the larger vate art (choice d), and although it mentions purpose of the passage, which is to teach Picasso, it does not discuss the difference in asbestos awareness in the home and school. recognition that public and private artists may The passage does state that lung cancer can be receive (choice e). caused by exposure to asbestos, but it does not 2. b. To sequester is to seclude or isolate. Thus, the discuss preventative measures such as screen- use of this word suggests that the author feels ing for lung cancer (choice c). Readers may be private art is too isolated and cut off from the frightened by the prospect of asbestos in older public. Sequestered emphasizes the separation homes, but the passage does not aim to scare of the art from the public, so accessibility is readers into purchasing newer homes (choice the key issue, not whether one kind of art is e). Instead, it creates awareness of the possible better than the other (choice a), more difﬁcult presence and dangers of asbestos in homes as to understand (choice d), or more controver- well as other buildings. sial (choice e). Admission fees may further 6. e. Ubiquitous means being everywhere at the isolate works of private art (choice c), but the same time, omnipresent. This deﬁnition, word sequestered does not imply cost and combined with the very long list of building many museums and other private art galleries materials that could contain asbestos, are free to the public. emphasize how common asbestos is in older 3. a. The passage deﬁnes public art in several ways. homes. It may cause readers to want to check The ﬁrst sentence explains how public art is their homes for asbestos (choice d), but the different from private art, the second sentence primary goal is to highlight the extent of describes the general types of public art (orna- asbestos usage. The sheer number of building mental and functional), and the third and materials would likely increase rather than fourth sentences list the most common forms allay fears about asbestos, so choice a is of public art. After reading the passage, 91
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 92 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – ferent from other types of fast foods, but the incorrect. The passage suggests that building repetition/question serves to register surprise, materials have changed since 1970; these not emphasize difference (choice b). The asbestos-laden materials were used prior to author does not express his personal opinion 1970 before the various studies that show the anywhere in the passage, so choice c is incor- link between asbestos and lung cancer. Thus, rect. Most sushi is raw ﬁsh, but if the author reforms in building materials have already were deﬁning sushi (choice d), then he been made, and choice b is incorrect. The wouldn’t express it as a question. The passage passage describes effects of asbestos on does argue that sushi is much healthier than health, but not on the home, so choice c can- other fast foods (choice e), but this is not sug- not be correct. 7. gested by the repetition/question. c. The tone of this passage is informative, serving 12. e. Line 9 states that sushi consumption in America to instruct the reader about asbestos. Choices a is 40% higher than it was in the late 1990s (ﬁve and d (cautionary and admonitory) are syn- years ago). While the other answers might be onyms, and while the passage does show the dangers of asbestos, the general tone is not true, they are not described in the passage. 13. b. Unpalatable may be deﬁned as not agreeable cautionary. Apathetic (choice b) means indif- ferent and idiosyncratic (choice e) means dis- to taste. You might know the word palate as tinctive, neither of which applies. the roof of the mouth, so unpalatable most 8. e. The author is writing for a lay person, mean- likely has to do with the sense of taste. A key ing a homeowner, parent, or student. Choices context clue is the phrase tastes have changed a and d describe professionals, while b and c (lines 2–3), suggesting that Americans have describe people you would ﬁnd in a school learned to like something they once would not setting, all of whom may be interested in this have eaten. 14. d. The main idea of the passage is that sushi is a information, but none of whom is the speciﬁc, targeted audience. healthy and popular fast-food alternative in 9. c. This is the only choice that makes sense in the America. This is supported by speciﬁc statis- given context. A clue to the correct answer can tics cited in the passage—a 40% increase in be found in the preﬁx of the word itself—neo sushi consumption (lines 8–9) and the over means new. 5,000 sushi bars in supermarkets (lines 11–12). 10. b. While the blues may do all of the things listed The passage does describe a few places where in the other answer choices, the primary pur- sushi is sold (choice a), but that does far less to pose of the blues is to lift the spirits of the lis- support the main idea than the impressive tener. The passage states that it is a numbers. The passage does not provide any fundamental principle of the blues that the real history of sushi in the United States before music have the power to overcome sadness 1970, so choice b is incorrect. There is no spe- (lines 5–6). ciﬁc comparison of sushi to other fast-food 11. a. The repetition of raw ﬁsh in the form of a options (choice c), just a general discussion of question suggests surprise, even shock, that a shift toward a healthier diet. The passage raw ﬁsh be included in a list of fast-food items does not discuss how sushi is made, so choice e in the ﬁrst sentence. Sushi is indeed very dif- is incorrect. 92