Thiết kế thuật toán Kasumi trên FPGA trong bảo mật thông tin di động

CONG NGHE VIEN THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THIET KE T H U A T TOAN<br /> *<br /> <br /> KASUMI TREN FPGA<br /> TRONG BAO M A T<br /> THONG TIN DI DONG<br /> ThS. Tran Hoang Vu<br /> <br /> dung he thdng ngay tren chinh cMp dd.<br /> Giaiphapsu'dungthuattoan bao matKasumi<br /> tren cong nghe FPGA (Field-Programmable Lmh kien FPGA cho phdp cau hinh lai de thay<br /> Gate Array) la phu'dng phap bao mat thong ddi chire nang logic trong kM vin dang nim trong<br /> tin dude thiet ke tren phan ciyng, nhim bao he thdng. Kha nang nay cho phdp riha tMet ke cd<br /> mat thong tin tdt hdn giai phap bao mat du!a the dd dang thay doi chite nang phan cimg gidng<br /> tren phan mem. nhu dang thuc Men tren phan mem. Tham cM FPGA<br /> Giai phap thitc hien la nghien ciyu thuat cdn cd the tu ddng eau hinh de thue Men cae chire<br /> toan Kasumi de thiet ke chudng trinh bao nang khac nhau trong rihirng khoang thdi gian khac<br /> mat thdng tin di dgng (TTDD) tren cd sd li'ng nhau. Kha nang cho phdp cau hinh lai chiic nang<br /> dung cong nghe FPGA. Viec thitc nghiem logic ed the img dung trong nMeu kieu he thdng de<br /> dude tien hanh dung ngdn ngiyiap trinh phan eai dat he thdng tu khic phuc loi, tao he thdng ed<br /> Cling Verilog de viet chudng trinh thitc hien the dugc cau Mnh cho nMeu mdi trudng boat ddng,<br /> ma hoa Kasumi trong bao mat TTDD. Sau do hoac eai dat thanh phan cimg da muc dich cho cae<br /> dung phan mem ModelSIM de thitc hien mo ling diing khac nhau. Hon niia, sii dung FPGA lam<br /> phdng thuat toan bao mat Kasumi. cho de tMet ke va kiem tra phan cimg ciing nhu kha<br /> nang nhanh chdng tung san pham ra thi trudng.<br /> G I O I THIEU CONG NGHE FPGA Cho den nay, nMeu nha tMet ke da su dung FPGA<br /> de eai dat tren ciing mdt phan cimg ea thuat toan<br /> Nhdm eac mach tich hgp dugc biet den vdi eai ten<br /> ma hoa khoa cdng khai dimg trong tao va thay ddi<br /> Unh kien logic lap trinh dugc (PLD) hay Mang eac<br /> khoa phien va thuat toan khoa bi mat truyen thdng<br /> cdng lap trinh dugc (FPGA) cho phep ngudi tMet ke<br /> dimg trong ma hoa dii Ueu ngudi diing [1].<br /> cau hinh cho nd cM trong vai giay, va mdi FPGA cd<br /> the tMet ke de thuc Men cac chire nang hoan toan Ben canh thdi gian de tMet ke va phat trien ngin<br /> khac nhau. Sd lan cau hinh lai cua FPGA la khdng hon, linh kien FPGA cdn cho phdp kha nang che tao<br /> gidi ban, do dd cd the ngMen cim, phat trien va ling cac bang mach miu ciing nhu cac giai phap gia re.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (11.2009) 37<br />  CONG NGHE V I E N THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> Tham chi ddi vdi ca cac he thdng dang cd gia thanh vdi nhau thdng qua mang cac dudng dinh hudng va<br /> rat cao tM cac nha san xuat FPGA ciing cd the cung toan bd kien tnic logic nay ket ndi vdi the gidi ben<br /> cap cdng cu va kha nang xu ly de cd the chuyen ngoai qua eac cdng vao/ra lap trinh dugc. Trong eac<br /> tMet ke sang cac Unh kien lap trinh dugc nay. cMp FPGA the he mdi nhat, ngoai cac thanh phan<br /> Khoi RAM nbirna CO ban nhu tren, cdn dugc nhiing them rat nMeu<br /> Khoi I/O<br /> khdi Chile nang tien Uen khac, ed the ke den nhu<br /> Khdi RAM cd dung lugng Idn, bd Nhan cMa cho cac<br /> Lien ket cau hinh<br /> duoc img dung DSP, eac bd Vi xu ly nhimg 8 bit, 32 bit<br /> Bp nhan chia ldi mem va tham cM ea bd Vi xu ly cimg ciing dupe<br /> Khoi Logic cau nhung trong FPGA. Hinh 1 trinh bay cau tnic tong<br /> hinh dugc (CIB)<br /> quat cac thanh phan trong mot FPGA cdn Hinh 2<br /> trinh bay eau tnic chung ciia mdt CLB, mdi CLB bao<br /> Kiea tnic Chip FPGA<br /> Quan !)• dong ho gdm bdn sUee ket ndi tdi ma tran chuyen mach.<br /> (DCM. BLTG)<br /> Dii Ueu cau Mnh cho FPGA dupe nap vao eac d<br /> H inh 1. Cau true co ban cua FPGA<br /> nhd dac biet ben trong cMp de tuy chpn ehuc nang<br /> Ddi vdi cac nha thiet ke cMp bao mat di ddng, eiia nd. FPGA ed the dpe dii Ueu cau Mnh cua nd tir<br /> FPGA cho phdp tMet ke he thdng mdt each mem bd nhd PROM ngoai thdng qua cdng ndi tiep hoac<br /> deo nhat. Kien tnic bao mat cd the dugc thii nghiem song song (che dd master), hoac dugc nap tii tMet<br /> vdi ma hoa khdi hoac ma xoin, vdi nhieu kieu ham hi khac ben ngoai (che dp ngoai vi hay slave), cac<br /> bam, thay ddi giao dien vdi CPU chinh de ed the nha san xuat Unh kien FPGA ciing eung cap cdng cu<br /> phan tich va danh gia Meu nang eua he thdng. Ung phin mem manh, hd trp nMeu each thiet ke khac<br /> dung thue te dugc nap true tiep vao FPGA va cd the nhau, tii ve so dd cho den md ta boat ddng, may<br /> thay ngay cac hoat ddng cua nd. Quyet dinh eudi trang thai, md phdng, dat va Uen ket cac khdi chire<br /> ciing khdng cdn la tren co sd cam tinh, hay chi la nang de tao, nap vao cMp va dge nguge tro lai ludng<br /> md phdng tren phin mem ma hoan toan theo hieu bit eau Mnh cho cMp.<br /> nang thue cua cac thanh phan tMch hgp. KM eau Mnh lai cMp, chire nang cua cac CLB va<br /> Cau tnic ben ttong cua FPGA bao gdm hang ngan Uen ket giiia chimg do dd ciing thay ddi theo, lam<br /> khdi logic da nang, hay cdn ggi la Khdi logic cau cho mach ed ehuc nang hoan toan mdi. Moi CLB ed<br /> hirih dugc (CLE) dugc tMet ke va sip xep mdt each the cau Mnh tharih hai che dd - logic hoac lam bd<br /> mem deo vdi kien tnic kha trinh. cac CLB Uen ket rihd.<br /> <br /> OOJT COUT<br /> <br /> A<br /> <br /> L J T — Carry<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ^•J ?<br /> Hinh 2. Cau true slice trong FPGA<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I 38 I TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (11.2009)<br />  CONG NGHE VIEN THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 3: Cau triic chung thuat toan KASUMI<br /> <br /> <br /> THUAT TOAN KASUMI<br /> mdt khdi FL FI (HUih 3d) la khdi pM tiiyen 16 bit,<br /> tu nd ciing ed cau tnic Feistel bdn vdng, FI bao gdm<br /> KASUMI (HUih 3b) la thuat toan ma hoa khdi khoa<br /> hai khdi thay ddi (S-box) 9 bit va hai khdi thay doi<br /> ddi ximg hg MISTY do tap doan MitsubisM Electromc<br /> 7 bit. Hinh 3d cM ra rang du Ueu qua ham FI theo<br /> ngMen cim va phat trien. Sau dd dugc ESTI phat<br /> hai dudng khac nhau, dudng 'day' cd 9 bit va dudng<br /> trien thanh tieu chuan ma hoa qude te dimg cho<br /> mong ed 7 bit. Chii y la trong eau tnic Feistel nhu<br /> he thdng TTDD the he Ba W-CDMA [6]. Mue dich co<br /> sit dung trong tMet ke nay, mdi vdng ed diu ra deu<br /> ban la nham tMet ke thuat toan cd kha nang bao<br /> dugc xoay chieu trudc kM dua tdi dau vao cua vdng<br /> mat chdng lai cac cude tan cdng tuyen tinh va ca<br /> tiep theo. Sau kM hoan thanh du tam vdng theo<br /> pM tuyen, nhd ggn (sii dung it cdng logic ding nhu<br /> thuat toan KASUMI, dau ra cudi cimg chinh la khoi<br /> cdng suat tieu thu it), va de dang eai dat vdi Meu<br /> dir Ueu da ma hoa tuong img vdi khdi dii Ueu a dau<br /> nang cao ea tren phan cimg ciing nhu phan mem<br /> vao [8].<br /> [2].<br /> Thuat toan KASUMI khac rihau theo vdng chin<br /> le, trong cac vdng le ham eua vdng dugc tinh bing<br /> each lay ket qua tinh dugc tii ham FL (Hinh 3a) dat<br /> vao ham FO (Hinh 3c), cdn trong cac vdng chin tM<br /> nguge lai, ket qua trudc het dugc tinh ttong FO va<br /> sau dd dugc dua tdi FL. FL la ham 32 bit cM bao gdm<br /> cac cdng AND, OR, NOT cimg vdi chire nang quay<br /> trai. Ham FO ciing la mdt ham 32 bit nhung phiic<br /> tap hon, cd cau tnic Feistel ba vdng, mdi vdng ehiia<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (11.2009) 39<br />  CONG NGHE VIEN THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> GIAI PHAP T H I E T KE THUAT TOAN<br /> KASUMI<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Kasumi 2R Block<br /> l_DATA[63;01<br /> Kasumi Round Block<br /> l_KEY [127:0]<br /> <br /> LKASUMI_EN Kasumi FO Block<br /> <br /> Kasumi FI Block<br /> <br /> Kasumi_ Keygen<br /> Kasumi_ FL Block<br /> Block Kasumi_ S9 Kasumi_ S7<br /> Block Block<br /> O_DATAtS3:01<br /> M<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 4. So do khdi thiet ke tong thi khoi Kasumi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tir so dd tMet ke tong the khdi Kasumi (HUih 4) ta vu cho viec xay dung thuat toan 19 dam bao tinh<br /> xay dung so dd cM tiet bing ngdn ngii md ta phan toan ven dir Ueu va thuat toan 18 dam bao tinh tm<br /> cimg Verilog de thire Men viec ma hda dii Ueu phuc cay cua thdng tin [3].<br /> <br /> <br /> I_KASUM1_EN 1_CLK l_RESET_l<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I ftOUND_DOMe I CLI<br /> <br /> il Register I<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> tizr :eiKii I \ L£MUX / «<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ENCODER KASUMI ROUND<br /> [127 :01 K03<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I CLK ROUND_Da»4e<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1:<br /> 0_RD_DATA<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 5: So do thiet ke chi tiet tong the khdi Kasumi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 40 TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 1 1 . 2 0 0 9 )<br />  CONG NGHE V I E N THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU'ONG TRINH MO PHONG THUAT # Key Uiit 00000000000000000000000000000<br /> TOAN KASUMI 00000000000000000000000000000000000000<br /> 00000000000000000000000000000000000000<br /> Su dung chuong tririh md phdng ModelSIM kiem<br /> 00000000000000000010111<br /> tra boat ddng cua ma hda KASUMI<br /> Nhap dir Ueu ma hda 64 bit vao Ket qua sau kM di qua khdi ma hda KASUMI<br /> <br /> # Data Uiput 000000000000000000000000000 # Data decode from Core design 101001011100<br /> <br /> 0000000000000000000000000000000111000 0011100011101101011110011lOOOOOI111000<br /> 01110010010010<br /> Nhap khda k 128 bit vao<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> mugij Uto<br /> Hinh 6: Ket qua chay mo phong ma Kasumi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tai lieu t h a m khao Wireless security, McGraw-Hill<br /> <br /> [1]. TS. NGUY£N VAN CUDNG (2005), Be tai nghien cuu [5]. ROGER J. SUTTON (2002), Secure Communications:<br /> khoa hoc cap to Nghien cuu ung dung cong nghe ASIC, Dai hoc Applications and Management<br /> Da Nang [61.KEIJITACHIKAWA, JOHN WILEY & Sons (2002), W-CDMA:<br /> [21. TS.NGUYEN PHAM ANH DUNG (2004), Thong tin di dong Mobile Communications System<br /> meheSa, NXBBuudign [7]. FLAVIO MURATORE, JOHN WILEY & Sons (2001), UMTS<br /> [31. T 6 N G VAN ON (2007), Thiet ke mach sd vol VHDL Mobile Communication for the Future<br /> &Verilog, NXB Lao dpng xa hoi [8]. TOMAS BALDERAS-Ck)ntreras Rene A. Cumplido-Pan-a<br /> [41. RANDALL K. NICHOLS, PANOS C. LEKKAS (2002), (2004), Security Archltectwe In UMTS Third Generation Cellular<br /> Networks, National Instltudeof Optical and Electronic, Mexico<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 1 1 . 2 0 0 9 ) 41<br />