THUC TRANG 0 N H l l M THUY S A N DUOC NUOI<br />
<br />
Of MOT SO AO HO HA NOI<br />
<br />
TRINH BAO NGOC, PHAM DUY TUONG<br />
NGUYEN T H I TUYEN, TRAN T H I THOA, LE T H I TAI<br />
Trudng Dai hpc Y Ha Npi<br />
<br />
<br />
Tom tat:<br />
Nghien cuu mUc dp nhiem kim loai nang va vi sinh vat trong 240 m i u thuy san cac loai<br />
dirpc lay tCr 17 ao ho hien dang nuoi trong thuy san cua Ha Npi vao mua mua (thang 8, 9) va mua<br />
kh6 (thang 1,2) cho tha'y 100% mau thuy san bi nhilm kim loai nang As, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni,<br />
VKHK va E. coli v6i mUc dp 6 nhiem khac nhau. Mua kho mUc dp 6 nhiem cao hon han so vdi<br />
mua mua. So vdi tieu chuan cho phep cac kim loai Pb, Cr va Ni cd mure dp 6 nhiem cao hon ca,<br />
roi den Hg, Cd va As la ft bi d nhiem hon ca. Mdc dp 6 nhiem ve E. coli rat cao, cao hon hang<br />
tram den hang nghin lan so vdi tieu chuan cho phep.<br />
<br />
<br />
THE REAL SITUATION OF FISHERY CONTAMINATION<br />
IN SOME PONDS IN HA NOI<br />
<br />
<br />
Astract:<br />
Studying the levels of heavy metals and biological contaminations in 240 fishery samples<br />
collecting in 17 ponds in Ha Noi in rainy seasons (August, September) and dry season (January,<br />
February), the results showed that: 100% of fishery samples contaminated with heavy metals As,<br />
Cr, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni, and E.coli with the different levels of contamination. In the dry season, the<br />
contamination level was much higher than rainy season. Comparing with the permitted limits, Pb,<br />
Cr and Ni were the highest levels and Hg, Cd and As were the lowest level. E.coli contamination<br />
level was quite high, 100 times or even 1000 times higher than the permitted level.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I. DAT VAN Dfi<br />
6 nhilm mdi truong hien dang la mpt van de toan cau, su bung no dan sd ciing voi toe<br />
dp do thi hoa, cong nghiep hoa nhanh chdng da tao ra mpt sire ep ldn tdi moi trudng sdng gay d<br />
nhidm mdi trudng mpt each Uam Uong.<br />
Mpt mit xich quan trong cua d nhidm mdi trudng lam anh hudng true tiep tdi sdc<br />
khde con ngudi qua cay trdng, thuc pham va dat la do viec su dung bua bai nude thai, dac<br />
biet d cac khu cdng nghiep ma chua dupe x u ly. Tuy nude thai la mpt ngudn nude tudi<br />
g i i u chit huu co va cac chat dinh dudng cho cay trdng, vat nuoi, nhung nd cung chda r i t<br />
nhieu chat dpc hai nhu cac mudi hda tan, cac k i m loai nang nhu: Fe ' C u Z n Mn~~<br />
2+ 2+- 2 +<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Ni 2 +<br />
Pb ... Nhung chat thai cdng nghiep, chat thai sinh hoat, chat thai benh vien neu<br />
:+<br />
khong dupe x u ly se la mPi truong song thuan l p i cho mpt sP' vi khuan nguy hiem va cac<br />
cha't dpc hoa hpc lan rpng ra moi truong nudrc, dat, khPng khi. K h i do gay ra mpt so benh<br />
cho ngudi, dpng vat va thuy san, de dpa nghiem trong deh sue khoe con nguoi [3].<br />
Hang ngay, thanh pho' Ha Npi thai ra khoang 450.000m nude thai sinh hoat va gan<br />
3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
260.000m nude thai san xua't. Hau het lupng nude thai tren chua qua x u ly va dupe xa true<br />
3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
tiep vao moi trudng, dan deh o nhiem tram trong nguon nude mat. Cac sdng d npi thanh Ha<br />
Npi deu bi o n h i l m , dac biet la cac song thoat nude thai nhu sdng Nhue, song K i m Nguu,<br />
song TP Lich... cac sPng nay hien khong con kha nang tu lam sach nhung lai la nguon cung<br />
cap nude chihh cho cac ao hd nudi thuy san tai Ha Npi. Dac biet la sPng To Lich va sPng<br />
Nhud la hai con song thoat nude thai chinh cua Ha Npi. Day cung la hai con song cung ca'p<br />
ngudn nude chinh cho cac ao hd nudi trdng thuy san tai quan Hoang M a i va huyen Thanh<br />
Tri - noi cd dien tich va san lupng thuy san ldn nhdt cua Ha Npi.<br />
Nghien cdu nay dupe tie'n hanh nham danh gia mdc dp P nhidm ciia thuy san dupe<br />
nuoi d mpt sd ao/hd tren dia ban thanh phd Ha N p i . T d dd de xudt nhung kien nghi va giai<br />
phap gdp phdn cai thien chat lupng thuy san, dam bao ve sinh an toan thuc phdm cho<br />
ngudi tidu dung.<br />
I I . D O I TlTONG V A P H U O N G PHAP N G H I E N CUU<br />
2.1. Do'i tupng<br />
Cac loai thuy san dupe nuoi tai cac ao/hd cua phudng Hoang Liet, quan Hoang M a i ;<br />
xa Dai Ang va xa Ta Thanh Oai, huyen Thanh T r i va mpt sd hd khac nhu H d Tay, hd True<br />
Bach, hd Yen Sd - Ha N p i .<br />
2.2. Phuong phap nghien cuu<br />
Su dung phuong phap lay mdu thuy san, nuPi cay xac dinh sd lupng vi sinh vat va<br />
dinh lupng ham lupng k i m loai nang trong thuy san.<br />
Cach chon va lay mdu thuy sdn: Lay tdt ca cac loai thuy san dupe nudi phd bien tai<br />
cac ao/hd cua cac xa/ phudng va cac hd tu nhien cua Ha Ndi. Cach lay mdu va x u ly mdu<br />
ca theo tieu chudn T C V N 5993-1995 [1]. '<br />
Xac dinh mdc do nhiem ve vi sinh vat va kim loai ndng co trong thuy sdn gom:<br />
- V i sinh vat gay benh: Tdng so vi khuan hieu khi, E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella.<br />
- Mpt sd k i m loai nang: Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb, As, N i .<br />
Thuang phap phdn tich:<br />
- Ham lupng cac k i m loai nang trong thuy san dupe x d ly mdu va phan tich dinh<br />
lupng tren may Analyst 30 (cua hang Perkin Elmer - M y ) theo phuong phap quang phd<br />
hap thu nguyen tu ngon lua va khong ngon Ida hoac phuong phap hoa hoi lanh tuy tirng<br />
loai kim loai theo tieu chuan ciia hiep hpi moi trudng M y .<br />
- Xac dinh vi sinh vat gay benh trong thuy san theo thudng quy ky thuat cua Vien Y<br />
hpc lao dpng va ve sinh moi trudng [6].<br />
Tieu chudn danh gid d nhilm thuy sdn tuoi sdng:<br />
- "Quy dinh gidi han tdi da P nhilm sinh hoc va hoa hoc trong thuc pham" - Quyet<br />
dinh sd 46/2007/QD-BYT ngay 19 thang 12 nam 2007 [4].<br />
- TCVN 7046 - 2002 ddi vdi thuc pham thuy san [5].<br />
So lieu dupe xd ly bang phdn mem EPI-INFO 6.04 va SPSS 13.0.<br />
<br />
<br />
129<br />
I I I . K E T QUA NGHIEN CUU VA B A N L U A N<br />
Tong cpng 240 mau thuy san lay dupe h i g i n 20 ao h6 hien dang nuPi tr6ng thuy san<br />
vao 2 mua, mua mua (thang 8, 9) va mua khP (thang 1, 2), da dupe phan tich cho ket qua<br />
nhu sau:<br />
Bdng 1. Ham luang mdt sd kim loai nang trong thuy sdn theo mua<br />
<br />
As Hg Cd Pb Cr Ni<br />
Miia vu n<br />
X ±SD X ±SD X ±SD X ±SD X ±SD X ±SD<br />
Mua mua 101 0,09 ±0,10 0,03 ± 0,02 0,01 ±0,01 0,18 ±0,30 0,20 ± 0,23 0,14 ± 0,12<br />
Mua kho 139 0,16±0,17 0,03 ± 0,02 0,02 ± 0,02 0,53 ±0,92 0,45 ± 0,62 0,32 ±0,62<br />
P 0,05
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