Tiếng Nhật căn bản

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Hiện nay nhu cầu học tiếng Nhật đang ngày càng tăng để phục vụ các nhu cầu như xuất khẩu lao động,làm việc trong các công ty của Nhật,du lịch. Tiếng Nhật là một ngôn ngữ lược bỏ đại từ, có nghĩa là chủ ngữ hay bổ ngữ của một câu không cần phải được nêu ra nếu nó là hiển nhiên trong ngữ cảnh đó. Ngoài ra, người ta thường cảm thấy, đặc biệt trong văn nói tiếng Nhật, câu càng ngắn càng hay. Kết quả của sự dễ dãi và xu hướng giản lược của ngữ pháp là...

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Tiếng Nhật căn bản
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc TIẾNG NHẬT CƠ BẢN A B C (SƯU TẦM TRÊN INTERNET) LESSON 1 - Meeting the New Neighbor This lesson will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In this dialog, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in Tokyo. Yota: Kon'nichi wa. Hello. Jason: Kon'nichi wa. Hello. Yota: Watashi wa Suzuki Yota desu. Hajimemashite. I am Yota Suzuki. Nice to meet you. Jason: Watashi wa Jeson Miraa desu. Hajimemashite. Doozo yoroshiku. I am Jason Miller. Nice to meet you. (May I ask you to be kind to me.) Yota: Miraa-san, anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka. Mr. Miller, are you an American? Jason: Hai, watashi wa Amerika-jin desu. Anata wa. Yes. I am American. How about you? Yota: Nihon-jin desu. I am Japanese. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) Jason: Suzuki-san, anata wa daigaku-sei desu ka. Mr. Suzuki, are you a college student? Yota: Hai, soo desu. Miraa-san wa. Yes. How about you, Mr. Miller? Jason: Watashi wa kookoo-sei desu. 1
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc I am a high school student. Yota: Otomodachi mo kookoo-sei desu ka. Is your friend also a high school student? Jason: Hai. Suzuki-san wa nan'nen-sei desu ka. Yes. Mr. Suzuki, what year are you in college? Yota: Daigaku ninen-sei desu. I am a sophomore (second year student). Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) kon'nichi wa hello watashi I, me, myself desu am, are, is anata You Amerika-jin American (person) Nihon-jin Japanese (person) daigaku-sei college student kookoo-sei high school student otomo-dachi friend nan'nen-sei what grade level, what year (in school, college) ninen-sei second level, second year (in college = sophomore) Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. Watashi wa Suzuki Yota desu. This sentence means "I am Yota Suzuki." It is standard for Japanese to use their family name first followed by their given name. The sentence pattern is "Noun wa noun desu" which translates as "Noun is Noun". The wa is a particle indicating a subject or a topic, while desu is an equivalent to "am", "are", and "is". Examples: Watashi wa Sumisu desu. 2
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc (I am Mr. Smith.) Watashi wa Tanaka desu. (I am Mr. Tanaka.) 2. Anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka. This sentence means "Are you an American?" The word ka is a particle which makes a sentence a question. Examples: Anata wa Nihon-jin desu ka. (Are you Japanese?) Anata wa Suzuki-san desu ka. (Are you Mr. Suzuki?) 3. Otomo-dachi mo kookoo-sei desu ka. This sentence means "Is your friend also a high school student?" The word mo is a particle and means "also". Examples: Sumisu-san mo Amerika-jin desu ka. (Is Mr. Smith also an American?) Watashi mo daigaku-sei desu. (I am also a college student.) 4. Nihon-jin desu. This sentence means "I am Japanese". The word Nihon-jin is a compound of the two words, Nihon and jin. Nihon means "Japan" and jin means "person". The word jin is added to the end of a country's name to signify a person of that country. Examples: Gaadana-san wa Igirisu-jin desu. (Mr. Gardiner is English. [Igirisu=England]) Rozenbawa-san wa Doitsu- jin desu. (Mr. Rosenbauer is German.[Doitsu=Germany]) 5. Watashi wa kookoo-sei desu. This sentence means "I am a high school student". The word kookoo-sei is a compound of the two words, kookoo and -sei. Kookoo is a shortened form of the word kootoogakkoo which means "high school" and -sei is an ending which means "student". Examples: Waatamanu-san wa daigakuin-sei desu. (Mr. Waterman is a graduate student.[daigakuin=graduate school]) Rassoru -san wa daigaku-sei desu. (Mr. Russell is a college student.) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 2 - Yota's Room In this lesson, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller discuss items in Yota's room. This lesson will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In this dialog, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in Tokyo. 3
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Jason: Ohayoo Gozaimasu. Good morning. Yota: Ohayoo Gozaimasu. Good morning. Jason: Sore wa nan desu ka. What is that? Yota: Kore desu ka. Kore wa kamera desu. This? This is a camera. Jason: Dare no kamera desu ka. Whose camera is it? Yota: Watashi no kamera desu. It is my camera. Jason: Sore mo anata no desu ka. Is that also yours? Yota: Iie, kono konpyuutaa wa tomodachi no desu. No, this computer is my friend's. Jason: Kore wa Nihon-go de nan desu ka. What is this (item) in Japanese? Yota: Nihon-go de sore wa "denwa" desu. In Japanese, that is a telephone. Jason: Jaa, are wa. Then, how about that over there? Yota: Are wa hon de, kore wa zasshi desu. That over there is a book and this is a magazine. 4
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) ohayoo gozaimasu good morning sore that kore this are that over there nan what kamera camera dareno whose kono this (possessive) konpyuutaa computer Nihon-go Japanese denwa telephone hon book zasshi magazine Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. Kore wa Kamera desu. The sentence means literally "As for this, it is a camera". A better English translation would be "This is a camera". The sentence pattern is Kore wa noun desu, which translates as "This is Noun". Kore, sore, are and dore are a group of related words meaning "this", "that", "that over there" and "which" kore this sore that are that over there (further away) dore which Examples: Sore wa konpyuutaa desu. (That is a computer.) Are wa daigaku desu. (That over there is a college.) 2. Kore desu ka. Kore wa denwa desu. 5
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc This sentence means "This? This is a telephone". The pattern "Noun desu ka" in the beginning of the sentence is for emphasis. Examples: Watashi desu ka. Watashi wa Itaria-jin desu. (Me? I am Italian [Itaria = Italy]) Are desu ka. Are wa tomodachi no konpyuutaa desu. (That over there? It is my friend's computer.) 3. Dare no kamera desu ka. This sentence means "Whose camera is it?" Dare means "who" and dare no implies "whose". No is a particle that shows possession between two nouns. In this sentence, the subject sore wa is omitted because in Japanese, if the subject is already mentioned, it is not necessary to repeat it. Examples: Dare no konpyuutaa desu ka. (Whose computer is it?) Dare no denwa desu ka. (Whose telephone is it?) 4. Watashi no kamera desu. This sentence means "This is my camera". Again, the subject is omitted for the same reason as seen in #3. Watashi no implies "my" and anata no implies "your". The sentence pattern with no has the first noun possessing the second. For instance, Miraa- san no zasshi means "Miller's magazine". Examples: Sore wa anata no denwa desu. (That is your telephone.) Kore wa Waatamanu-san no hon desu. (This is Mr. Waterman's book.) 5. Iie, kono konpyuutaa wa tomodachi no desu. This sentence means "No, this computer is my friend's". The words tomodachi no mean "friend's", with konpyuutaa being understood since it was already mentioned as a topic. Kono konpyuutaa means "this computer". Kono, sono, ano and dono are a group of related words that show possession of a noun, meaning "this", "that", "that over there", and "which". Kore, sore, are and dore cannot show possession but stand alone in their meaning. Kono, sono, ano and dono can only show possession and cannot stand alone. Examples: Sono zasshi wa Kaatan-san no desu. (That magazine is Mr. Cartin's.) Ano denwa wa Miraa-san no desu. (That telephone over there is Mr. Miller's.) Dono hon wa Suzuki-san no desu ka. (Which book is Mr. Suzuki's?) Kono hon wa tomodachi no desu. (This book is my friend's.) Kore wa tomodachi no desu. (This is my friend's.) 6. Kore wa Nihon-go de nan desu ka. This sentence means "What is it in Japanese?" or "How do you say it in Japanese?" The word de is a particle that signifies "in" when referring to a language. Thus, Nihon-go de means "in Japanese". The word Nihon-go is a compound of the two words, Nihon and go. Go means "language" and when added to the end of a country 6
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc name, it signifies the language of that country. Examples: Kore wa Doitsu-go de nan desu ka. (What is this in German? [What do you call this in German?]) Itaria-go de sore wa "libro" desu. (In Italian, that is "libro".) 7. Jaa, are wa. This sentence means "Then, how about that over there?" The sentence should be Jaa, are wa nan desu ka. Again, since nan desu ka is already mentioned and understood, it can be omitted. If you do not want to omit it, it is perfectly fine to say Jaa, are wa nan desu ka. Examples: Kore wa nan desu ka. (What is this?) Sore wa hon desu. (That is a book.) Jaa, kore wa. (Then, what is this?) Sore wa denwa desu. (That is a telephone.) 8. Are wa hon de, kore wa zasshi desu. This sentence means "That over there is a book and this is a magazine". De, in this case, is a shortened form of desu. It means "something is X, and something is Y". Examples: Kore wa kamera de are wa konpyuutaa desu. (This is a camera and that over there is a computer.) Waatamanu-san wa Amerika-jin de Rozenbawa- san wa Doitsu-jin desu. (Mr. Waterman is American and Mr. Rosenbauer is German.) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. kore wa ( ) desu ka. 2. ( (this) ) wa kamera desu. 3. Are ( ) watashi ( ) desu. 4. Kono konpyutaa wa ( (whose) ) desu ka. 5. Are ( ) denwa ( ), kore ( ) kamera desu. B. Say the following in Japanese. 1. What is this? 2. Whose camera is it? 3. Is this yours? 4. This is my friend's computer. 5. This is my magazine. 7
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 3 - Meeting Mary In this lesson, Jason introduces Yota to Mary from Australia. Yota: Miraa-san, ano kata no namae wa nan desu ka. Mr. Miller, that person over there, what is her name? Jason: Ano hito wa Mearii-san desu. That person over there is named Mary. Yota: Mearii-san mo Amerika-jin desu ka. Is Mary also American? Jason: Iie, Mearii-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu. No, Mary is Australian. Yota: Oosutoraria no doko desu ka. Where in Australia (is she from)? Jason: Saa, watashi wa shirimasen. Well, I don't know. Jason and Yota walk over to Mary. Jason: Mearii-san, kochira wa Suzuki-san desu. Mary, this is Mr. Suzuki. Mary: Suzuki-san desu ka. Hajimemashite. Mr. Suzuki? I am pleased to meet you. 8
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Yota: Suzuki desu. Yoroshiku. I am Mr. Suzuki. Nice to meet you. Mary: Suzuki-san wa Tookyo-umare desu ka. Mr. Suzuki, are you from Tokyo? Yota: Iie, Kyooto desu. Mearii-san wa. No, (I'm from) Kyoto. How about you, Mary? Mary: Watakushi wa Oostoraria no Meruborun-umare desu. I'm from Melbourne, Australia. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) kata person (formal) hito person (informal) namae name Oosutoraria Australia doko where shirimasen I do not know shiru to know kochira this person, this direction Tookyoo Tokyo Tookyoo-umare born (in) Tokyo Meruborun Melbourne Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. Ano kata no namae wa nan desu ka. This sentence means literally " As for the name of that person over there, what is it?" a better English translation would be "That person over there, what is her name?" The sentence pattern is "Noun wa nan desu ka?" which translates as "What is noun" Examples: Sore wa nan desu ka. (What is that?) 9
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Ano inu no namae wa nan desu ka. (What is that dogs name? [inu=dog]) 2. Oostoraria no doko desu ka. This sentence means "Where in Australia?" The construction is "Noun no doko desu ka." Doko means "where" and doko desu ka is a familiar way of asking where a place is. The particle no refers to the noun and can mean "within", so you also could say "What part of Australia?". Wa can be used in place of no to ask where a person or something is. Examples: Itaria no doko desu ka. (Where in Italy?) Waatamanu-san no inu wa doko desu ka. (Where is Mr. Waterman's dog?) 3. Saa, watashi wa shirimasen. This sentence means "Well, I don't know (but can find out)." Shirimasen is the present negative form of the verb shiru which means "to know". Shirimasen can mean "I don't know", "He/She doesn't know", "We don't know", or "They don't know", depending on the context of the sentence. Since watashi wa is here as the subject, the meaning is clear. Examples: Sumisu-san wa shirimasen. (Mr. Smith doesn't know.) Watashi no tomodachi wa shirimasen. (My friend doesn't know.) 4. Meariisan, kochira wa suzuki-san desu. This sentence means "Mary, this is Mr. Suzuki". Kochira literally means "this direction". But, in this case, it has a special meaning which is "this person". Kochira is used when introducing people. Examples: Mearii-san, kochira wa Miraa-san desu. (Mary, this is Mr. Miller.) Kimura-san, kochira wa Sumisu-san desu. (Mr. Kimura, this is Mr. Smith.) 5. Suzuki-san wa Tookyoo-umare desu ka. This sentence literally means "Mr. Suzuki, is Tokyo the place of your origin?" A better translation into English would be "Mr. Suzuki, is your home in Tokyo?" or "Were you born in Tokyo?". Adding umare, which means "born", to the end of a place designates the place as the person's home. Examples: Rozenbaawa-san wa Munhen-umare desu. (Mr. Rosenbauer is from Munich [Munchen].) Gaadana-san wa Rondon-umare desu. (Mr. Gardner is from London.) 6. Iie, Kyoto desu. This sentence means "No, it is in Kyoto", referring to where Mr. Suzuki's home is. As has been explained before, you do not have to repeat watakushi wa Kyoto-umare desu. The subject (I) is clear. You can say Kyoto desu or Kyoto-umare desu, if the previous statement explains the situation clearly. 10
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Examples: Waatamanu-san wa Daarasu -umare desu ka. (Mr. Waterman,is your home in Dallas?) Iie, Rondon desu. (No, it is in London.) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. ( (that) ) kata wa ( (who) ) desu ka. 2. ( (this) ) kata no namae wa ( (what) ) desu ka. 3. Suzuki-san wa ( (where) ) umare desu ka. 4. America no ( (where) ) desu ka. B. Answer the question based on the dialogue. 1. Mearii-san wa Amerika-jin desu ka. 2. Mearii-san wa doko-umare dusu ka. 3. Suzuki-san wa kyoto umare desu ka. Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 4 - Discussing the Weather This lesson will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In this dialog, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in Tokyo. Yota: Miraa-san, Shibaraku desu ne. Mr. Miller, it's been a long time. Jason: Aa, Suzuki-san, kon'nichiwa. Oh, Mr. Suzuki, hello. Yota: Ogenki desu ka. Are you in good spirits? (are you healthy?) 11
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Jason: Hai, genki desu. Yes, I am. Yota: Saikin isogashii desu ka. Have you been busy lately? Jason: Ee, chotto isogashii desu. Yes, I am a little busy. Yota: Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne. It's nice weather today, isn't it. Jason: Hai, demo chotto atsui desu ne. Yes, but it is a little hot. Yota: Soo desu ne. Ima Amerika mo atsui desu ka. So it is. Is it also hot in the United States now? Jason: Hai, atsui deshoo. Yes. It is probably hot. Yota: Amerika no fuyu wa samui desu ka. Is it cold in the winter in the United States? Jason: Ee. Watashi wa Shiatoru-umare desu ga, totemo samui desu yo. Yes. My home is in Seattle, it is very cold. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) shibaraku it's been a long time ne (particle used when expecting agreement) Aa Oh! O-genki feeling in good spirits (formal) genki feeling in good spirits (informal) saikin recently 12
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc isogashii busy chotto a little kyoo today tenki weather ii good demo but atsui hot Soo desu ne so it is; yes (an expression of agreement) ima now deshoo (form of desu) it is probably fuyu winter samui cold ee yes (more information than hai) totemo very yo (particle used for emphasis) Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) 1. Miraa-san, shibaraku desu ne. The sentence means "Mr. Miller, it's been a long time". Shibaraku is used when two people who know each other meet after not seeing each other for a significant amount of time. Ne is added to the end of the sentence when expecting agreement. Examples: Moriyama-san, shibaraku desu ne. (Mr. Moriyama, it's been a long time.) Sumisu-san, shibaraku desu ne. (Mr. Smith, it's been a long time.) 2. Ee, chotto isogashii desu. / Ee, totemo isogashii desu. The first sentence means "Yes, I am a little busy." The second sentence means "Yes, I am very busy." Chotto is a descriptive that means "a little". It can be added to any adjective to de-emphasize an expression. Totemo is the opposite; it means "very". It can be added to any adjective to emphasize an expression . Totemo is used to really emphasize an expression. Examples: Ee, chotto samui des. (Yes, it is a little cold.) Ee, totemo samui desu. (Yes, it is very cold.) Here you learn a new sentence pattern: Noun wa Adjective desu. It is almost the same as noun wa noun desu in the present tense. Examples: Kyoo wa samui desu. 13
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc (Today, it is cold.) Anata wa isogashii desu ka. (Are you busy?) 3. Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne. The sentence above means "The weather is pleasant today." Kyoo wa is the topic and is used to emphasize that the following sentence refers to this day. Ii tenki is a frequently used expression in conversation. Usually, comments about the weather immediately follow a greeting. Examples: Kyoo wa totemo atsui desu. (It is very hot today.) Kyoo wa chotto atsui desu. (It is a little hot today.) 4. Soo desu ne. This expression means "So it is", "Yes, it is", or simply "yes". It is used frequently in conversation to agree. Soo desu ka is a variation meaning "Oh, really?" and is used when the speaker is hearing new information. Examples: Tanaka-san wa Kyooto- umare desu ne. (Mr. Tanaka is from Kyoto, isn't he?) Soo desu ne. (Yes, he is. [He refers back to the previous statement.]) 5. Ima, America mo atsui desu ka. This sentence means "Is it also hot in the United States now?" Ima means "now" and is used often to emphasize an occurrence that is happening at this point in time. Examples: Ima, Waataman-san wa daigaku-sei desu. (Mr. Waterman is a college student now.) Ima, Doitsu mo samui desu ka. (Is it also cold in Germany now?) 6. Hai, atsui deshoo. This sentence means "Yes, it is probably hot". Deshoo is a variation of desu and means "it is probably". In this sentence, Jason is commenting that he thinks it is hot in the United States now because of past experience. He uses deshoo because he is not positive since he is not there at this moment. Examples: Waarasu-san wa Rondon-umare deshoo. (Mr. Wallace is probably from London.) Are wa Akutsu-san no kamera deshoo. (That camera over there is probably Mr. Akutsu's.) 7. Ee, Totemo samui desu yo. This sentence means "Yes, it is very cold". The particle yo is used to emphasize a statement. This should be used with caution as sometimes, it may be considered rude or impolite. It should only be used with someone that the speaker knows well. Ee is a more informal way of saying "yes" than hai. Examples: Ee, ano hito wa Shaafu-san desu. (Yes, that person over there is Mr. Shauf.) Ee, totemo atsui desu, yo. (Yes, it is very hot.) 14
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. Suzuki-san, ( ). (It has been a long time.) 2. Saikin ( ) desu ka. (busy). 3. Ee, ( ) desu. (a little busy) 4. Kyoo wa ( ) tenki desu ne. (bad) 5. Amerika ( ) samui desu. (also) B. Answer the following questions according the question given. 1. Ogenki desu ka. 2. Saikin isogashii desu ka. 3. Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne. 4. Amerika mo atsui desu ka. 5. Nihon mo atsui desu ka. Click here to check the answers!! LESSON 5 - Yota's Birthday and Mary's Parents In this lesson, Mr. Suzuki asks Mr. Miller about his age and Mary about her parents. Yota: Miraa-san wa nansai desu ka. Mr. Miller, how old are you? Jason: Jyuu-nana-sai desu. Suzuki-san wa. I am seventeen (years old). How about you, Mr. Suzuki? Yota: Jyuu-kyuu-sai desu. Kinoo wa tanjoobi deshita. I am nineteen (years old). Yesterday was my birthday. Jason: Soo desu ka. Omedetoo gozaimasu. 15
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Oh really? Happy birthday. Yota: Arigatoo. Miraa-san no otoo-san to okaa-san wa ogenki desu ka. Thank you. Are your father and mother doing well (in good spirits)? Jason: Hai, genki desu. Yes, they are fine. Yota: Mearii-san, otoo-san to okaa-san wa doko desu ka. Mary, where are your father and mother? Mary: Meruborun desu. They live in Melbourne. Yota: Oshigoto wa nan desu ka. What do they do for a living? Mary: Chichi wa kaisha-in de, haha wa kookoo no kyooshi desu. My father is a businessman and my mother is a high school instructor. Yota: Aa, sensei desu ka. Oh, a teacher? Mary: Hai, rekishi no sensei desu. Yes, she is a history teacher. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) nansai how old -sai number suffix for age ichi one ni two san three shi, yon four go five roku six 16
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc shichi, nana seven hachi eight kyuu, ku nine jyuu ten kinoo yesterday tanjoobi birthday deshita was; were (past tense of desu) omedetoo-gozaimasu congratulations otoo-san father (someone else's) okaa-san mother (someone else's) shigoto job (informal) oshigoto job (formal) chichi father (the speaker's) haha mother (the speaker's) kaisha-in businessman; white collar worker kyooshi instructor sensei teacher rekishi history Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. Miraa-san, nan-sai desu ka. The first sentence means, "Mr. Miller, how old are you?" Nansai is a compound of the word nan, meaning "what" and the ending -sai, meaning "age." The second sentence means "I am seventeen (years old)." The addition of -sai to jyuu-nana changes the meaning of jyuu-nana from simply the number seventeen to seventeen years old. Examples: A: Shaafu-san, nan-sai desu ka. (A: Mr. Shauf, how old are you?) B: Ni-jyuu-nana-sai desu. (B: I am twenty-seven [years old].) 2. Miraa-san no otoo-san to okaa-san wa ogenki desu ka. This sentence means, "Mr. Miller, are your father and mother well?" This sentence introduces a new pattern: Noun to noun wa. To is a particle which is the Japanese equivalent of the English "and." Examples : Wootaaman- san to Furiimanu wa tomodachi desu. (Mr. Waterman and Mr. Freeman are friends.) Sumisu-san to Tanaka-san wa sensei desu. 17
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc (Mr. Smith and Mr. Tanaka are teachers.) 3. Chichi wa kaisha-in de, haha wa kookoo no kyooshi desu. This sentence above means, "My father is a businessman and my mother is high school instructor." This introduces the pattern: noun de noun desu. De is a shortened form of desu which acts as a connector of two sentences, adding the conjunction "and" to the meaning. Examples: Woorasu- san wa rekishi no sensei de Gaadana-san wa eigo no sensei desu. (Mr. Wallace is a history teacher and Mr. Gardner is an English teacher. [Eigo=English]) Mearii-san wa ni- jyuu-go-sai de Jyuuri-san wa ni -jyuu-roku- sai desu. (Mary is twenty-five [years old] and Julie is twenty-six [years old].) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Say the following numbers in Japanese. 1. 7 2. 10 3. 15 4. 20 5. 23 6. 34 7. 57 8. 68 9. 81 10. 96 11. 100 12. 121 13. 135 B. How do you say the following? 1. I am sixteen years old. 2. I am twenty-two years old. 3. Are you twenty-five years old? 4. How old are you? C. Fill in the following blanks. 1. Sumisu-san ( ), Tanaka-san ( ) gakusei desu. 2. Chichi ( ) kyoshi ( ), haha wa kaisha-in desu. Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s 18
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc LESSON 6 - The Weekend / Japanese Writing (しゅうまつ / ひらがなとカタカナ) Today, before you learn a dialogue, you are going to learn how to write Japanese characters. There are three Japanese writing systems: 1. Kanji: Characters imported from China long ago, each conveying an idea, usually having two readings. A set of more than 7,000 ideographic characters used to represent concrete concepts such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 2. Hiragana: A phoenetic alphabet, or syllabary (a set of characters, where each character represents a syllable) used to represent particles in sentences, verb inflexions (this usage is called okurigana), and other words not written in kanji. Another use is to write them above Japanese text to indicate the pronunciation of Kanji (this usage is called furigana). 3. Katakana: Another phonetic alphabet or syllabary used primarily for foreign names or places and words of foreign origin. Katakana are written using straight lines. Besides these three writing systems, Japanese is sometimes written in Roman letters called roomaji. The three systems of writing above are used together (mixed) in written Japanese. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. Get the Romaji for this lesson. ようた : メアリーさん、こんどのしゅうまつなにをしますか。 Mary, what will you do this weekend? メアリー : かいものにいきます。 I'm going shopping. ようた : どこへいきますか。 Where will you go (shopping)? 19

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